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Applied Technologies And Prospects Of Conformance Control Treatments In China, Yuzhang Liu, Baojun Bai, Yefei Wang

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

China is the largest user of chemical-based conformance control treatments and a series of technologies have been successfully developed and deployed in recent years. This paper first shows the milestones of development and application of conformance control technologies in China. Then integrated conformance control technologies are reviewed followed by the lessons we have learned, and then a few major specific conformance control technologies are addressed, including tracer injection and channels explanation, potentiometric testing to identify areal sweep efficiency, Pressure Index (PI) decisionmaking technology to select well candidate, complementary decision-making technology to select well candidate and design application parameters, and major …

Upper Cretaceous Peay Bentonites (North-Central Wyoming): Provenance And Tectonics Interpretation From Ash Composition, Nazrul I. Khandaker, Carl F. Vondra, Karl E. Seifert, Malek Shami, Rochelle Cardinale, Thakur Chaturgan

Publications and Research

The Peay bentonites belong to the basal Frontier Formation (Bighorn Basin, north-central Wyoming), primarily outcrop in the Bighorn Basin, rest on an extensively bioturbated sandstone unit, the Peay Sandstone, and are generally the thinner bentonitic unit. Beds of very light gray to greenish gray bentonite are also abundant in the lower Frontier units between Kaycee and Mayoworth (Powder River Basin) and are very rarely as much as 3 m thick. Bentonite occurs within the interstratified shale, sandstone, and siltstone sequences of the lower Frontier unit throughout much of the southwestern Powder River Basin. The purpose of this study is to …

Changing Precipitation And Land Cover Increasing Sedimentation In The Panama Canal Watershed, Tiffany Keeton, Cory Manberg, Josh Myrick

Von Braun Symposium Student Posters

No abstract provided.

Bedrock Erosion By Root Fracture And Tree Throw: A Coupled Biogeomorphic Model To Explore The Humped Soil Production Function And The Persistence Of Hillslope Soils, Emmanuel Gabet, Simon Mudd

Faculty Publications

In 1877, G. K. Gilbert reasoned that bedrock erosion is maximized under an intermediate soil thickness and declines as soils become thinner or thicker. Subsequent analyses of this “humped” functional relationship proposed that thin soils are unstable and that perturbations in soil thickness would lead to runaway thinning or thickening of the soil. To explore this issue, we developed a numerical model that simulates the physical weathering of bedrock by root fracture and tree throw. The coupled biogeomorphic model combines data on conifer population dynamics, rootwad volumes, tree throw frequency, and soil creep from the Pacific Northwest (USA). Although not …

Simulation Of Groundwater Flow And Effects Of Groundwater Irrigation On Stream Base Flow In The Elkhorn And Loup River Basins, Nebraska, 1895-2055: Phase Two, Jennifer S. Stanton, Steven M. Peterson, Michael N. Fienen

United States Geological Survey: Water Reports and Publications

Regional groundwater-flow simulations for a 30,000-square-mile area of the High Plains aquifer, referred to collectively as the Elkhorn-Loup Model, were developed to predict the effects of groundwater irrigation on stream base flow in the Elkhorn and Loup River Basins, Nebraska. Simulations described the stream-aquifer system from predevelopment through 2005 [including predevelopment (pre-1895), early development (1895–1940), and historical development (1940 through 2005) conditions] and future hypothetical development conditions (2006 through 2033 or 2055). Predicted changes to stream base flow that resulted from simulated changes to groundwater irrigation will aid development of long-term strategies for management of hydrologically connected water supplies.

The …

Molecular Mechanisms Of Persistence Of Mutualistic Bacteria Photorhabdus In The Entomopathogenic Nematode Host, Ruisheng An, Parwinder Grewal

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Symbioses between microbes and animals are ubiquitous, yet little is known about the intricate mechanisms maintaining such associations. In an emerging mutualistic model system, insect-pathogenic bacteria Photorhabdus and their insect-parasitic nematode partner Heterorhabditis, we found that the bacteria undergo major transcriptional reshaping in the nematode intestine. Besides general starvation mechanisms, the bacteria induce cellular acidification to slow down growth, switch to pentose phosphate pathway to overcome oxidative stress and nutrition limitation, and shed motility but develop biofilm to persist in the nematode intestine until being released into the insect hemolymph. These findings demonstrate how the symbiotic bacteria reduce their …

Geogram 2010, David J. Keeling Editor, Wku Department Of Geography And Geology

Earth, Environmental, and Atmospheric Sciences Publications

No abstract provided.

Droughtscape, Fall 2010, Kelly Smith

DroughtScape: Quarterly Newsletter of the National Drought Mitigation Center (2007–2023)

CDC Issues Drought Guidance for Public Health

La Niña May Intensify Drought in South

Recent Workshops and Meetings

East Feels Impacts as Heat Intensifies Drought

New Products

Nicole Wall Co-Facilitates Republican River Basin Task Force

NDMC Climatologist on Ethiopia Team

Hrc Enews — 2010 Fall, Megan K. Svarz

Publications (HRC)

This issue contains staff accomplishments and announcements, event listings, and a "new faces" listing for new staff, affiliates, and researchers.

A Tremor And Slip Event On The Cocos‐Caribbean Subduction Zone As Measured By A Global Positioning System (Gps) And Seismic Network On The Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica, Kimberly Outerbridge, Timothy H. Dixon, Susan Y. Schwartz, Jacob I. Walter, Marino Protti, Victor Gonzalez, J. Biggs, Martin Thorwart, Wolfgang Rabbel

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

In May 2007 a network of global positioning systems (GPS) and seismic stations on the Nicoya Peninsula, of northern Costa Rica, recorded a slow-slip event accompanied by seismic tremor. The close proximity of the Nicoya Peninsula to the seismogenic part of the Cocos-Caribbean subduction plate boundary makes it a good location to study such events. Several centimeters of southwest motion were recorded by the GPS stations over a period of several days to several weeks, and the seismic stations recorded three distinct episodes of tremor during the same time span. Inversion of the surface displacement data for the depth and …

Earth News, V34, Fall 2010, Department Of Earth Science, University Of Northern Iowa.

Earth News

Inside this issue:

--- Faculty & Staff News
--- Sunday at the Quarry
--- Studies in Air Quality for Science Educators
--- Geology for Iowa Teachers
--- IMSEP Workshop
--- Grant Activities in Hydrologic Sciences
--- IGEIN / GSI Field Trip
--- EDMAP
--- Student Research Presentations
--- Internships / Seminars
--- Graduates / SGE
--- Scholarships & Awards
--- Making a Difference / NAGT Award
--- UNI Alum: Brian Hynek
--- UNI Alum: Mary Lestina
--- Gifts
--- Alumni News

Water Use In Carbon Capture And Storage Activities, University Of North Dakota. Energy And Environmental Research Center

EERC Brochures and Fact Sheets

Northern Great Plains Water Consortium fact sheet on water use in carbon capture and storage activities, including carbon dioxide injection and transportation and power plant-based carbon dioxide capture. [This item is an outdated or superseded version and retained for historical purposes only. It may no longer reflect current information, policies, or practices.]

A Trekker’S Guide To The Khumbu Himalaya: Trailside Geology Along The Everest Base Camp Trek, Brigit Anderson

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The Himalaya is the youngest and highest mountain range in the world. It thus provides a wonderful field lab for studying the mountain building process in action. The trek in the Khumbu (northeastern Nepal) from Lukla to Everest Base Camp takes you through the Higher Himalaya and some interesting geological features. This project gives an introduction to the larger Himalaya geology and more specifically geology of the Khumbu Region. It then follows the Lukla-Everest Base Camp (EBC) trekking route pointing out interesting geologic features along the way. Some of the concepts explained in this project are somewhat technical. For this …

Development Of Agroecology Based Garden System And Educational Program At Grand Valley State University, Kendall Gilbert, Edwin Joseph

Student Summer Scholars Manuscripts

This study was part of a twelve- week project to introduce agroecology growing principles and educational models at the Community Garden on the campus of Grand Valley State University in Allendale, Michigan. This project was set up to be a demonstration for the further development of the garden space as an area for agroecology focused education, extension, and outreach. To accomplish this, three areas of change became essential components to developing a garden space that can serve as a living laboratory, demonstration area, and outdoor classroom. The first project goal was to develop and create a demonstration garden plot that …

Phosphorus Uptake In Rhodomonas Salina (Wislouch) And Its Effect On Allocation And Elimination In Acartia Tonsa (Dana), Danna Palladino

OES Theses and Dissertations

Phosphorus is a key element in important biochemical compounds, such as RNA and phospholipids, and can become limiting in a variety of marine systems. The uptake of phosphorus into biochemical fractions (protein, low molecular weight (LMW) compounds, lipid, polysaccharide and nucleic acid) in Acartia tonsa fed ³³P -labeled Rhodomonas salina was examined. R. salina was cultured on two variations of one media that in one case contained phosphorus in balance and the other out of balance with relation to other standard f/2 components. The P-balanced (PB) media had a N:P ratio of 24.5, which is higher than that found …

Geospatial Data Portals: Librarians Add Expertise In The Development Of Gis Metadata Catalogs, Adonna Fleming

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries: Faculty Publications

Searching a geospatial data catalog can be frustrating for many GIS data users. Geospatial data catalogs are built on records created to a specific metadata standard, such as ISO 19115. The search query is often limited to searching a few tags within the record, such as title, publisher, spatial extent, content theme, and content type. GIS personnel tend to create metadata records with little thought into how it will be discovered by others. On the other hand, library catalogs are developed for a broad spectrum of users with varying knowledge of the subject. Librarians can bring this expertise in creating …

Experimental Estimation Of The Gpr Groundwave Sampling Depth, Katherine R. Grote, Taylor Crist, Crystal Nickel

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Monitoring near-surface soil water content is essential for efficient water management and for understanding hydrologic processes in soils. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) groundwaves are an approach that can be used to monitor the near-surface soil water content, but the efficacy of this technique is currently limited by the uncertainty surrounding the groundwave sampling depth. This research experimentally determines the sampling depth of GPR groundwaves under dry and saturated conditions in a sandy soil. Data were acquired using 250, 500, and 1000 MHz antennas within an experimental tank containing soil layers of contrasting electromagnetic velocities. Results show that the groundwave sampling depth …

The Waterfalls Of Kauai, Hawaii, Darryll T. Pederson

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Everyone enjoys the sounds and sights of a tropical waterfall. They are the setting for romantic and action packed movies. Fantasy Island used Wailua Falls on Kauai to open their weekly TV series. From a different viewpoint waterfall origin and evolution has been attributed to a wide range of geologic processes. The Hawaiian Island's waterfalls and amphitheater-headed valleys have been cited by many as equivalent to similar features seen on Mars. After a number of years of studying these features on Kauai, I offer the following thoughts and observations about Kauai's waterfalls and amphitheater-headed valleys.

Continental Warming Preceding The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, Ross Secord, Philip D. Gingerich, Kyger C. Lohmann, Kenneth G. Macleod

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Marine and continental records show an abrupt negative shift in carbon isotope values at ~55.8 Myr ago. This carbon isotope excursion (CIE) is consistent with the release of a massive amount of isotopically light carbon into the atmosphere and was associated with a dramatic rise in global temperatures termed the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM). Greenhouse gases released during the CIE, probably including methane, have often been considered the main cause of PETM warming. However, some evidence from the marine record suggests that warming directly preceded the CIE, raising the possibility that the CIE and PETM may have been linked to …

Comparison Of Ice Core Dissolved Organic Matter From A Greenland Ice Core By Nanospray Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry, Joshua Jeremiah Shiloh Marsh

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Recent studies of ice cores have embarked on the task of determining the classes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) present in melt-water from the cores collected in numerous locations in the northern and southern hemispheres. This DOM originally derives from wet precipitation and is thought to reflect atmospheric organic matter derived from anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic sources. Because the amount of DOM is so low, previous studies have necessarily used large sample volumes (greater than 500 mL) to concentrate sufficient ice core DOM necessary for mass spectral analysis. Solid phase extraction (SPE) with C₁₈ resins was followed by evaporative concentration …

Applications Of Geophysical Analysis For Environmental And Geotechnical Problems, Basil Miller

Theses and Dissertations

Geophysical investigative techniques including Magnetic, Electric, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), and Geochemistry become increasingly essential to study near surface setting as well as deep earth structure. A model was developed of the hot water system in southwest Arkansas using Geochemistry, Magnetic, and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data. The model was constructed using the data collected at the Caddo Gap and Little Missouri Hot Springs in Southeast Arkansas, USA. Understanding the mechanism of the transition from slow flow in porous media to fast flow in a fracture is critical in understanding the hot water flow of the hot spring. The geochemistry …

Assessing The Sensitivity Of Water To Surface, Soil, Rock, And Cave Conditions In Fitton Cave, Northern Arkansas, Drew Aaron Westerman

Theses and Dissertations

Fitton Cave, located within the Buffalo National River in north-central Arkansas, offers a window into a relatively pristine portion of the Ozark Plateaus Aquifer. This region is one of the largest karst aquifers in the United States, providing more than 1.8 million people with drinking water. Understanding what happens to water as it moves from the surface to subsurface is requisite for utilization, management, and sustainability of karst aquifers as water resources. As population pressures increase, assessment of geochemical and hydrologic processes from pristine systems such as Fitton Cave will prove invaluable for providing baseline conditions. By integrating vascular plant …

2,2′,5,5′-Tetra­Chloro­Benzidine, Onome Ugono, Marcel Douglas, Nigam Rath, Alicia Beatty

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Works

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C12H8Cl4N2, mol­ecules lie on crystallographic twofold axes at the centre of the C-C bonds linking the benzene rings, such that the asymmetric unit consists of a half-mol­ecule. The individual mol­ecules participate in inter­molecular N-H...N, N-H...Cl, C-H...Cl and Cl...Cl [3.4503 (3) Å] inter­actions.

Smith, Charles F., 1954-1972 (Sc 2341), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Manuscripts Small Collection 2341. Entry of Charles F. "Chuck" Smith for a Future Farmers of America Foundation, Inc. Proficiency Award in Soil, Water and Air Management. Includes a note from Smith's chapter advisor on his death in a traffic accident.

Synthesis Of Stratigraphies From Shallow-Water Sequences At Sites 871 Through 879 In The Western Pacific Ocean, Elisabetta Erba, Isabella Premoli Silva, Paul A. Wilson, Malcolm S. Pringle, William V. Sliter, David K. Watkins, Annie Arnaud Vanneau, Timothy J. Bralower, Ann F. Budd, Gilbert F. Camoin, Jean-Pierre Masse, Jörg Mutterlose, William W. Sager

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

This paper discusses the synthesis of bio-, magneto-, and isotope stratigraphies in the shallow-water sediment sequences drilled on guyots in the western Pacific Ocean during Leg 144. Material previously dredged from the slopes of a few guyots and the Cretaceous section recovered at Site 869 are also considered. The integrated stratigraphy along with radiometric ages resulted in the reconstruction of the geological events that produced atolls and guyots.

Geochemical Analysis Of Surface And Ground Waters Around Cle Elum, Wa; Implications For The Proposed Exempt Well Moratorium, David Hickey, Ryan Opitz, Carey A. Gazis

Student Published Works

The Yakima River drainage is one of the most heavily irrigated regions in the state, and water use has been much contested and litigated. Due to this water demand and the increase in drilling of domestic wells, a moratorium on exempt well drilling was proposed in 2007. In this study geochemical data is used to evaluate the surface-groundwater interaction in the area around Cle Elum, WA. The hydrogeology of this area is poorly understood due to the complex stratigraphy where the valley floor meets the bedrock of the Cascade Range. It is important to understand the relationship between groundwater and …

Trends In Soil Science Education And Employment, J. Havlin, N. Balster, S. Chapman, D. Ferris, T. Thompson, T. Smith

Earth and Soil Sciences

During the last several decades, members of the SSSA have discussed several trends related to soil science education, including: (i) declining academic programs and course offerings at land grant universities, (ii) decreased enrollments, and (iii) improved employment opportunities for soil science graduates (SSSA, 2006; Ferris et al., 2010). The SSSA Advocacy/Education Task Force met in 2007 and concluded that quantitative survey information was needed to document trends in soil science academic programs, student enrollment, faculty, and job opportunities for graduates. Suggested survey topics included:

• Has the recognition of soil science as a distinct discipline increased or decreased?
• How has the …

Characterization Of Soil Water Content Variability And Soil Texture Using Gpr Groundwave Techniques, Katherine R. Grote, Cale T. Anger, Bridget Kelly, Susan Sharpless Hubbard, Yoram N. Rubin

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Accurate characterization of near-surface soil water content is vital for guiding agricultural management decisions and for reducing the potential negative environmental impacts of agriculture. Characterizing the near-surface soil water content can be difficult, as this parameter is often both spatially and temporally variable, and obtaining sufficient measurements to describe the heterogeneity can be prohibitively expensive. Understanding the spatial correlation of near-surface soil water content can help optimize data acquisition and improve understanding of the processes controlling soil water content at the field scale. In this study, ground penetrating radar (GPR) methods were used to characterize the spatial correlation of water …

Sensitivity Of Geoelectrical Measurements To The Presence Of Bacteria In Porous Media, Gamal Z. Abdel Aal, Estella A. Atekwana, Silvia Rossbach, D. Dale Werkema

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We investigated the sensitivity of low-frequency electrical measurements (0.1-1000 Hz) to (1) microbial cell density, (2) live and dead cells, and (3) microbial attachment onto mineral surfaces of clean quartz sands and iron oxide-coated sands. Three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (wild type and rhlA and pilA mutant) with different motility and attachment properties were used. Varying concentrations of both live and dead cells of P. aeruginosa wild type in sand columns showed no effect on the real conductivity component (σ′). However, the imaginary conductivity component (σ″) increased linearly with increasing concentrations of live cells in sand columns, whereas minimal …

Design Of A Conditioner For Smoothing Wind Turbine Output Power, Murali Bottu, Mariesa Crow, A. Curt Elmore

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

As a result of wind speed intermittency, highly variable wind power output can adversely impact local loads. We propose a conditioner to smooth the variable wind power by utilizing the energy of an ultracapacitor. The conditioner is based on a single phase voltage source inverter (VSI) connected between the grid interconnection point and the ultracapacitor. The shunt VSI injects or absorbs active power from the line to smooth the wind power by utilizing the short term storage capabilities of the ultracapacitor. The ultracapacitor is connected to the DC link through a DC-DC converter, which maintains the voltage of the DC …