Digital Commons Network^™

Cellular Causes For Leaf Elongation Reductions Under Salinity In Panicum Coloratum, Leandro Cáceres, Edith Taleisnik

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Soil salinity is a growing constraint to crop and forage production worldwide and has driven the quest for salt-tolerant germplasm. Perennial forage grasses are regarded as choice alternative for the productive use of saline areas as well as for mitigating salinity in these areas (Ridley and Pannell 2005). Panicum coloratum L. is a C4 perennial grass native to tropical Africa, adapted to a wide range of rainfall conditions which makes it attractive as a forage for semiarid areas (Jones 1985). In forage grasses, yield is directly related to leaf area expansion and duration and the purpose of this work was …

Response Of Axonopus Catarinensis And Arachis Pintoi To Shade Conditions, A. N. A. Pachas, E. J. Jacobo, M. C. Goldfarb, S. M. Lacorte

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the north-east of Argentina, there are more than 100,000 hectares of silvopastoral systems where trees, forages and livestock are combined with the goal to diversify income, reduce financial risk, obtain more profit and enhance environmental benefit (Cubbage et al. 2013). The rapid adoption of this production system by farmers has generated high demand for information on shade tolerant grass and legume forage species.

Axonopus catarinensis is a native grass from Itajai Vally (Brazil) that was introduced to the north-east of Argentina 10 years ago; whereas Arachis pintoi is a sub-tropical legume (also native to Brazil) adapted to acid …

The Growth Response Of Tropical And Sub-Tropical Forage Species To Increasing Salinity, Hayley E. Giles, Christopher J. Lambrides, Scott A. Dalzell, David C. Macfarlane, H. Max Shelton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There is currently a growing coal seam gas (CSG) industry in Queensland, Australia. The industry requires beneficial-use strategies to consume the significant volumes of water released during CSG extraction. Irrigation of tropical and sub-tropical forage species for beef production is one option, however coal seam (CS) water is of varying quality due to moderate to high salinity and alkalinity. The application of chemically amended CS water over time could potentially increase soil salinity, which is known to reduce plant biomass production. While there were studies of salinity tolerance of many tropical and sub-tropical forage species 30 years ago, there is …

Measuring Summer Dormancy Of Perennial Grasses In Contrasting Environments, Mark R. Norton, Richard A. Culvenor, Florence Volaire

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The summer dormancy trait has been shown to confer enhanced levels of survival to temperate perennial forage species over long periods of intense summer drought (Volaire and Norton 2006) and is therefore valuable in plant improvement. Normally found in species endemic to drier Mediterranean climates it is recommended that the trait be measured in the field under typical Mediterranean hot, dry summer conditions (Norton et al. 2008). However, this trait has potential utility in regions with summers that can receive substantial rainfall, but still experience extended periods of intense moisture deficit. Therefore, it is important to determine whether summer …

Generation Of Transgenic Tall Fescue Plants With Enhanced Abiotic Stress Tolerance, I. Alam, Y. G. Kim, K. H. Kim, N. Y. Ahn, B. H. Lee

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Environmental stresses, such as drought, salinity and temperature extremes significantly decrease the yield of forage crops. Therefore, traits associated with abiotic stress-tolerance are of prime importance for their improvement. Biotechnological approaches have the potential to accelerate and complement conventional breeding by extending the range of gene sources for valuable traits, thus offering new opportunities for forage improvement. Transgenic technology appears as an efficient biotechnological tool of molecular breeding for improving forage quality and yield as well as tolerance to various environmental stresses. Occurrence of high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a common phenomenon in abiotic stress-challenged plants. Plants …

Physiological Response Of 14 Lotus Tenuis Genotypes Subjected To Drought Conditions, Luis Inostroza, Hernán Acuña

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lotus tenuis L. is a perennial forage species of European origin. It is found in Chile in a wide range of environments between the Valparaíso (32°S) and Bíobío Regions (38°S), with a strong presence in areas with clay and volcanic soils of medium texture with problems of moisture retention. The Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA) perennial forage legume breeding program has focused on developing drought-tolerant cultivars of the species. A population of 100 individuals was selected in previous studies, and all individuals were agronomically and physiologically characterized under field and greenhouse conditions. Results led to the selection of a sub-population …

Scenario Analysis: Risk And Return Of Aluminium Tolerant Lucerne, Claire D. Lewis, J. L. Jacobs, K. F. Smith, G. Spangenberg, B. Malcolm

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lucerne (Medicago sativa) yield is limited by aluminium stress associated with acid soils (Campbell et al. 1988; Scott et al. 2008). With the aid of transgenic technologies, the development of aluminium tolerant (Al Tol) lucerne is proposed. Modelled scenario analysis was conducted to explore the potential net benefits of Al Tol lucerne as part of a grazing system for a sheep production system in the high rainfall zone of south west Victoria.

Germplasm Evaluation And Frost Tolerance Improvement Of Setaria Sphacelata In Uruguay, Rafael Reyno, Javier Do Canto, Daniel Real

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb is a highly productive warm-season grass that has been eva-luated in Uruguay since the 1970s (Mas 2007). It is one of the most productive and promising subtropical grasses for the Uruguayan climatic conditions. Some of the most re-markable attributes of interest are its palatability, ease to establish from seed, highly persistent, adapted to a wide range of soils, and some frost tolerance. Cultivars ‘Narok’ and ‘Kazungula’ were the only materials evaluated and no genetic improvement was conducted in Uruguay. These cultivars present some limitations, such as low seed yields and quality, and susceptibility …

Effects Of Organic Acids On Alleviation Of Aluminum Toxicity In Alfalfa, Yuan An, Peng Zhou

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

On a global scale, acidic soils cover an estimated 37.8 million km² of the earth's surface, and up to 50% of the world’s potentially arable soils are acidic. Aluminum (Al) is highly abundant in acid soil conditions. At low (< 5.5) pH, a toxic form of aluminum, Al³⁺, is solubilized from aluminosilicate clay minerals into soil solutions. High concentrations of Al_³⁺ in soil solutions caused seriously damage to plants by enhancing lipid per-oxidation, limiting root elongation and nutrient uptake, as well as decreasing plant growth (Kochian et al. 2005). Al toxicity represents one of the most important constraints for agricultural production in areas …

Performance Of Some Forages Species (Festuca Arundinacea L., Chloris Gayana Var. Katambora, Lotus Corniculatus L. And Medicago Sativa L.) In Saline Soil, Süleyman Temel, Uğur Şimşek, Bilal Keskin, İbrahim H. Yılmaz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Salinity is a soil degradation process which reduces plant diversity and agricultural productivity, decreases fertility and devalues the land in regions with arid and semi-arid climate. This process inhibits water and nutrient intake of plants from soil due to changeable nitrogen percentage and/or the intensity of soluble salt concentration. When the fact that agricultural lands are limited around the world and that the need for nutrition increases incrementally is taken into consideration, it is obvious that available lands should be used more effectively. Hence, it is quite crucial to reclaim saline soil and utilize it more economically (Woods 1996).

Salt Secretion Is Essential For Xero-Halophyte Reaumuria Soongorica Responding To Osmotic Stress, Ai-Ke Bao, Hang-Yu Zhou, Suomin Wang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Reaumuria soongorica, a xero-halophyte semi-shrub belonging to Tamaricaceae with excellent adaptability to adverse arid and salinity environments of northwest China, serves important ecological roles in the improvement of saline-alkali soil and dune stabilisation, and also is an attractive fodder shrub in desert steppe (Ma et al. 2011). Previous studies demonstrated that secreting salt via salt glands is an important strategy for R. soongorica adapting to high salinity environments (Zhou et al. 2012). However, very little is known about the role of salt secretion in the plant’s responses to drought. Therefore, in the present work, R. soongorica seedlings …

Assessment Of Summer Drought Tolerance And Persistence Of Some Grass Cultivars In Algerian Semi Arid Conditions, Mohamed Mefti, Hamena Bouzerzour, Abderrezak Chebouti, Aissa Abdelguerfi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Stress-tolerant forage resources are increasingly needed for the environmental and economic sustainability of extensive Mediterranean livestock systems. Perennial forages belonging to two species: Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (tall fescue) and Dactylis glomerata L. (cocksfoot) can be a valuable alternative to annuals, if they can survive across successive summer droughts. Poor persistence of sown perennial pasture grasses is a problem in regions of the World with Mediterranean climates where the most stressful, life threatening season is a summer characterised by long and often severe droughts with high temperatures. The objective of this study is to compare 14 grass cultivars in an Algerian …

Summer Dormancy And Survival Of Tall Fescue In Relation To Endophyte Presence, J. L. Thomas, Charles P. West, D. P. Malinowski

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

True summer dormancy in temperate perennial grasses is the ability to survive summer stresses by ceasing growth and senescing vegetative tissues independently of water supply, as opposed to summer-active grasses, which respond to rains by continuing growth, but senesce during droughts (Volaire and Norton 2006). Summer dormancy is a common drought-escape mechanism for Mediterranean-origin perennial grasses, but is also being considered as a potentially useful trait in semiarid to humid zones whose climates are not strictly Mediterranean, but where temperate grass survival is threatened by summer heat and water deficits (Malinowski et al. 2005). Moreover, summer dormancy may provide …

Screening Of Ssr Primers And Evaluation Of Salt Tolerance In 20 Sweet Sorghum Varieties For Silage, Qiuwen Zhan, Chunfei Shu, Xiaoliang Li, Min Zhan, Jieqin Li, Ping Lin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sweet sorghum belongs to the genus Sorghum in the family Gramineae. It is a variant of common grain sorghum, with characteristics of resistance to drought, flood, barren soil and soil salinity and alkalinity (Zhan et al. 2008). Since the stem of sweet sorghum is rich in sugar, it is usually harvested as silage fodder in grasslands. Often arable land used for forage production is salt-affected. Chinnusamy et al. (2005) have screened and identified a large range of different varieties for salinity tolerance, but there are no published reports of studies screening SSR primers and evaluating the salt tolerance in …

Plantain (Plantago Lanceolata) Outperforms Chicory (Cichorium Intybus) Under Moisture Stress In Glasshouse, Lydia M. Cave, Peter D. Kemp, Paul R. Kenyon, Stephen T. Morris

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage chicory (Cichorium intybus) and plantain (Plantago lanceolata) are now widely used throughout the world as high feed quality perennial herbage (Sanderson et al. 2003; Labreveux et al. 2006; Li et al. 2010; Golding et al. 2011; Hutton et al. 2011). Both are taprooted plants and are thus likely to confer a degree of drought tolerance through accessing water deeper in the soil profile (Kemp et al. 2010). Nie et al. (2008) reported chicory can tolerate moisture stress to a greater degree than plantain. However, overall little is known …

Adaptive Responses Of Brachiaria Grasses To Hypoxia Stress, Juan A. Cardoso, Juan Jiménez, Joisse Rincón, Idupulapati M. Rao

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

It is likely that oxygen shortage in waterlogged soils is the most limiting factor for plant growth, restricting root aerobic respiration and ATP production (Vartapetian and Jackson 1997). When oxygen becomes limiting for oxidative phosphorylation, plant cells depend on alternative metabolic pathways to produce ATP (Rocha et al. 2010). The induction of fermentative metabolism is considered of adaptive value to maintain ATP production under oxygen-limited conditions. Ethanol is the main end product of fermentation metabolism in plants. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is a key enzyme in ethanolic fermentation. Roots can sustain aerobic respiration under oxygen deficiency if aerenchyma is present. …

Pengaruh Cekaman Kekeringan Terhadap Hasil Dan Sensitivitas Tiga Genotip Jawawut, Sheli Mustikasari Dewi, Yuyun Yuwariah, Warid Ali Qosim, Dedi Ruswandi

Jurnal Kultivasi

Jawawut merupakan salah satu tanaman serealia lokal Indonesia yang dapat dikembangkan dan dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan genotip jawawut yang memberikan hasil paling baik dan sensitivitas paling rendah pada berbagai tingkat pemberian air di rumah plastik. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni sampai dengan bulan September 2017 di kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian UNPAD. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi (Split Plot Design) dengan 3 ulangan. Petak utama terdiri dari tiga macam genotip, yaitu genotip 44, 46, dan 48. Anak petak terdiri dari tiga taraf kadar air tanah, yaitu 75%, 50%, dan 25% dari kapasitas lapang. …

North American Winter Dipole: Observed And Simulated Changes In Circulations, Yu-Tang Chien, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang, Yoshimitsu Chikamoto, Steve L. Voelker, Jonathan D.D. Meyer, Jin-Ho Yoon

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

In recent years, a pair of large-scale circulation patterns consisting of an anomalous ridge over northwestern North America and trough over northeastern North America was found to accompany extreme winter weather events such as the 2013–2015 California drought and eastern U.S. cold outbreaks. Referred to as the North American winter dipole (NAWD), previous studies have found both a marked natural variability and a warming-induced amplification trend in the NAWD. In this study, we utilized multiple global reanalysis datasets and existing climate model simulations to examine the variability of the winter planetary wave patterns over North America and to better understand …

Respons Klon Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea Batatas L.) Var. Awachy-1 Dan Var. Biang Terhadap Aplikasi Paclobutrazol, Murgayanti, Anne Nuraini, Megianti Agtari, Agung Karuniawan

Jurnal Kultivasi

Paclobutrazol merupakan salah satu zat pengatur tumbuh yang dapat digunakan untuk memodifikasi pertumbuhan tanaman dengan cara mempertahankan keseimbangan pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif. Setiap genotipe tanaman akan menghasilkan respons yang berbeda terhadap pemberian paclobutrazol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi antara konsentrasi paclobutrazol dengan dua klon ubi jalar serta mengetahui konsentrasi paclobutrazol yang terbaik untuk pertumbuhan dan hasil dua klon ubi jalar. Percobaan dilakukan pada bulan Februari sampai Juni 2017 di kebun Percobaan Ciparanje, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat pada ketinggian 750 m dpl. Jenis tanah tempat percobaan adalah Inceptisol, tipe curah hujan C menurut menurut klasifikasi …

Identification And Classification Of “New” Semi-Arid Soils From The Pilbara Wa With Potential Additions To The Australian Soil Classification, Henry Smolinski, Dennis Van Gool

The State of Soil Science in WA

As part of the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development’s (DPIRD) Transforming Agriculture in the Pilbara (TAP) project, a land assessment of the region was conducted to identify areas with potential for irrigated agriculture. The morphology of the dominant soils is described together with their chemical and physical properties.

Reconstructing Energy Flow Through Modern And Historical Marine Communities: Insights From Amino Acid Isotope Analysis, Emma A. Elliott Smith

Biology ETDs

The fundamental currency of life is energy. Organisms need energy to grow, to survive and to reproduce. Understanding the acquisition of energy by consumers is thus a foundational aspect of biological research. This is especially important in the modern era, as impacts of ongoing anthropogenic effects will be mediated or amplified through food webs. Here, I explore how isotopic analysis of individual amino acids – a technique new to ecological studies – can be used to trace energy flow through animal communities in modern and ancient time periods. In particular, I focus on kelp forest food webs, which are nearshore …

Extending The Message Of Soil Quality In The Mobile Device Era, Chris Gazey, Frances Hoyle

The State of Soil Science in WA

In this day and age, where everyone is time poor, making information easily and quickly available is paramount. However, with a topic as complex and as multi-dimensional as soil quality, a new approach to packaging information that is evidence-based and relevant to the local environment is required. Apple multimedia digital books provide a platform capable of delivering layers of information on mobile devices.

Gravel Is Soil Is Gravel, David Weaver, Ron Master, David Rogers

The State of Soil Science in WA

Around 3.8 M ha of gravelly soil contributes to crop production in south west WA. Soil analysis and glasshouse experiments routinely take place in the absence of the ≥2 mm fraction. Typical processes include sample collection, air drying, and sieving (<2 mm) prior to experimentation or analysis. The ≥2 mm fraction is discarded as it is often considered inert, acting as a soil volume diluent, and problematic for routine chemical analysis when intact because of size and representativeness. However, the literature cites that the ≥2 mm fraction may contribute positively to soil chemical, physical and biological properties.

Why Gamma Distribution Of Seismic Inter-Event Times: A Theoretical Explanation, Laxman Bokati, Aaron A. Velasco, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

It is known that the distribution of seismic inter-event times is well described by the Gamma distribution. Recently, this fact has been used to successfully predict major seismic events. In this paper, we explain that the Gamma distribution of seismic inter-event times can be naturally derived from the first principles.

A Transfer Students Guide To Becoming A Pca, Zack J. Krueger

Agricultural Education and Communication

A transfer students guide to becoming a PCA through the AGED department as opposed to AEPS. Agricultural science majors. Classes shown and listed cooperate with the California Department of Pesticide Regulations required course list necessary to take the Pest Control Advisers exam.

Vegetation Classification And Mapping, Missouri National Recreational River, Tom Baldvins, Matt Ley, David Jones, Joe Stevens, Hannah Pilkington

United States National Park Service: Publications

Executive Summary

The vegetation inventory project at Missouri National Recreational River (MNRR) classified and mapped vegetation within the park administrative boundary and estimated thematic map accuracy quantitatively. The project was conducted over a four year period from the summer of 2015 to the winter of 2019.

The project follows guidance provided by the National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory (VMI) Program. The overall process includes initial planning and scoping, imagery procurement, field data collection, data analysis, imagery interpretation and classification, and accuracy assessment. The initial planning and scoping meetings to support study plan development took place in December, 2009, …

Evidence Of Limited Recruitment Of Pallid Sturgeon In The Lower Missouri River, Kirk D. Steffensen, Kimberly Chojnacki, Jeffrey A. Kalie, Meredith L. Bartron, Edward J. Heist, Kyle R. Winders, Nathan C. Loecker, Wyatt J. Doyle, Timothy L. Welker

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Pallid Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus are endemic to the Missouri and Mississippi river basins and are rare throughout their range. The species was listed as federally endangered with little to no evidence of natural recruitment. Since population augmentation was initiated as a recovery objective in the early 1990s, thousands of hatchery-origin Pallid Sturgeon have been stocked in the lower Missouri River (Gavins Point Dam [river kilometer 1,305.1] to the confluence of the Mississippi River [river kilometer 0.0]). Efforts to discriminate natural reproduction and recruitment of wild-origin Pallid Sturgeon from hatchery-origin fish has been hampered by tag loss in hatchery-origin sturgeon, inconsistent …

Arboretum Exchange, Fall 2019, Olivia Arias, Zinan Chi, Rudy Lawler, Emily Nelson, Ryan Rhee

Sustainability Exchange Projects

The Arboretum Project, led by Professor Stan Braude of Biology, worked to certify the WashU campus as a Level II Arboretum. Students learned to identify and catalog trees, identified creative ways to engage the public with WU campus natural resources, and worked with Buildings & Grounds and the Office of Sustainability to plan for the future of tree initiatives on campus.

Characterizing Hydrothermal System Groundwater Dynamics Using Conservative And Non-Conservative Tracers: Insights And Implications Drawn From Study At The Taupo Volcanic Zone (New Zealand) And Valles Caldera (Usa), Joshua Michael Blackstock

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Hydrothermal systems constitute an important component of heat and mass transport within Earth’s crust having direct and indirect impacts to society. Investigating contemporary hydrochemical differences and change are critical to evaluating and deconvolving factors that influence geothermal systems through time. In this dissertation, groundwater mixing approaches were used to study hydrochemical differences in two globally significant hydrothermal areas, which included fabrication of a low-cost dissolved CO2 monitoring for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). In the Taupo Volcanic Zone (New Zealand), empirical spatial relations were used to derive low-temperature groundwater end-members of Cl and Cl/Br for end-member mixing analysis (EMMA). Using EMMA, …

Observable Persistent Effects Of Habitat Management Efforts In The Ozark Highlands After 10 Years, Maxwell Carnes-Mason

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

I investigated the lasting impacts of a management plan designed to improve oak regeneration and benefit wildlife in the Ozark Highlands in Madison, Co., AR. To assess the efficacy of the management plan, I used variables relevant to the success and establishment of oak trees. Controlled burns and selective logging were used to thin the canopy, increase ground level productivity, and increase the abundance of small mammals. I used measurements of overstory and understory densities, light availability, and the density of mice in the genus Peromyscus across time to look at the lasting impacts of management. Different treatment plots were …