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Use Of Plant Height For Determining The Nutritive Value, Yield And The Optimal Use Span Of Lucerne, Lother Schmidt

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Determining the ·cutting date is important for high yield, good forage quality and longevity of lucerne (Medicago media Pers.) stands. Most recommendations for the optimal use date are based on the development ,stage. The results of research conducted over 9 years show that forage quality and the dry matter (DM) yield of luccrne, at the same, developmental stage, vary considerably, depending on weather conditions during the growth period. A better criterion is the plant height of lucerne. There was a highly significant correlation between plant height and the content of crude fibre, crude protein and DM. We recommend the …

Manipulation Of Perennial Ryegrass With The Plant Growth Regulator Mefluidide, M H. Foreman, R J. Field

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In an attempt to increase the nutritive quality of herbage, the plant growth regulator mefluidide was applied at low rates (0.15-0.30 kg ai/ha) to pure stands of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in early spring. There was a reduction in total dry matter production of 35.8% at 0.3 kg ai/ha, but because reproductive development was significantly reduced there was a useful increase in the green leaf harvest component from 1.3% to 41.6% of total dry matter. High yields of green leaf were maintained for 100 days, in contrast to untreated swards which were composed largely of stem plus inflorescence …

Root Lesion And Burrowing Nematodes And Their Management, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Nematodes are common soil pests that feed on the roots of a wide range of crops in all agricultural areas of Western Australia, resulting in significant crop yield loss. Root lesion nematode can be managed but not eradicated.

This factsheet summarises the biology of the root lesion nematode (RLN, Pratylenchus spp.) and burrowing nematode (Radopholus spp.) species that damage Western Australian (WA) crops, and their diagnosis and management.

Foliar Diseases And Their Management In Lupins, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

This factsheet describes symptoms and management of the major fungal and viral diseases affecting lupin foliage, stems, and pods. Several of these diseases have the capacity to cause significant losses if not managed effectively.

Inoculum can be carried in soil, seed, stubble, on green regrowth, or by insect vectors, depending on the disease. Therefore, an integrated approach to disease management is required using tactics such as crop rotation, stubble management, fungicide seed dressing, variety selection, and seed testing

Early Season Wheat Response To Electrochemically Precipitated Struvite In Various Soils In The Greenhouse, Tatum Simms, Kristofor R. Brye, Trenton L. Roberts, Lauren F. Greenlee

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Fertilizer-phosphorus (P) materials can be recovered from wastewater and used to supplement mined phosphate rock, where one such material is struvite [MgNH4PO4·6(H2O)]. This study aimed to compare electrochemically precipitated struvite (ECST) reclaimed from synthetic wastewater to other commercial fertilizer-P sources in cultivated soils from Arkansas [silty clay loam (AR-SiCL) and silt loam (AR-SiL)], Missouri [(silt loam; MO-SiL 1 and 2)], and Nebraska [silt loam (NE-SiL) and sandy loam (NE-SL)]. A greenhouse pot study was conducted for 60 days with unvernalized wheat (Triticum aestivum) using five fertilizer-P sources [ECST, chemically precipitated struvite (CPST), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), triple superphosphate (TSP), …

Effects Of Grassland Burning During Early Spring In Korea, Sung Seo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A field experiment was carried out in 1989 and 1990 to determine the effects of dead material (length 15 cm and 30 cm), date of burning (21 February, 2 March, I I March and 20 March) and a non-burning control treatment during eacly spring on grass growth, yield, and nutritive value in existing pasture dominated by orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). On average burning treatments increased the soil surface temperature and the 10 cm soil depth temperature by S.5°C and 2.8°C respectively. A little burning damage was present after the burn on 20 March. However, burning, date of burning or …

Breeding Of Apomictic Brachiaria Through Interspecific Hybridisation, C B. Do Valle, C Gilenke, G.O C. Leguizamon

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Brachiaria is a tropical grass genus recently introduced on the American continent. Two species are widely sown as pastures in Brazil, n. decumbens (D) cv. Basilisk, and n. brizantha (B) cv. Marandu. These 2 cultivars behave as obligate apomicts (APO), therefore impairing direct hybridisation. A breeding programme was started al the National Center for Research in Beef Callie (CNPGC­EMBRAPA), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil in 1988, with the objeclive of obtaining apomictic hybrids with the growth habit and adaptation lo poor soils of D, resistance lo spilllebugs (Homoplera:Cercopidae) of B using sexual B. mzil:iensis (R) as mother plant. R has …

Micro-Computer Version Of The Database On Feed Commodities Derived From Pastures And Green Crops, H T. Ostrowski-Meissner

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The subunit of the national feed database devoted specifically to feeds derived from grasslands and green crops is presented. This collection of chemical and nutritional data is the result of 20 years of data collection from analyses conducted from 62 laboratories Australia-wide, The data entries are classified according to each Australian state and laboratory which provided the analytical and nutritional characteristics of fodder. Each entry is classified according to the International Feed Numbering (IFN) system as maintained by the International Network of Feed Information Centres (INFIC), The data in the collection as presented in the paper are an integral part …

Microbial Phosphate Solubilization Mechanisms In P Solubilizing In Andisol, Agustina Erlinda Marpaung, Tengku Sabrina, Abdul Rauf, Dwi Ningsih Susilowati, Luthfi Aziz Mahmud Siregar

Jurnal Kultivasi

Phosphate (P) nutrient plays a significant role in plant growth and yield. P is an essential element that plays an important role in photosynthesis and root development. Phosphate nutrient availability is deficient in some soil types due to retention, such as in Andisol soil types. High phosphate retention in Andisol soil types causes P nutrients to be unavailable to plants and can reduce crop yields. The availability of P in Andisol soils can be done, among others, by applying phosphate solubilizing microbes. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms are soil microorganisms consisting of bacteria and fungi that can mineralize organic P, dissolve inorganic …

Chinese Tallow Long-Term Impact On Stand Dynamics In A Bottomland Hardwood Forest Following Vegetation Management, Nicklaus R. Langlois

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera (L.) Small) is an invasive tree known to have negative impacts on bottomland hardwood forests. Chinese tallow is proficient in reproducing and surviving in bottomland hardwood forests because it is more flood and shade tolerant than most native trees. The long-term effectiveness of Chinese tallow control is an important topic to research as only a few long-term studies of Chinese tallow control have been conducted. A 10-year re-measurement of 22 paired plots installed in 2012 on the Pineywoods Mitigation Bank near Diboll, Texas following herbicide treatments examined Chinese tallow and native tree stand structure. Each …

Influence Of Phosphate And Boron Addition To Mixed Liquid Fertilizer On The Growth And Yield Of Red Chili Cultivated In The Subsoil Layer, Stefina Liana Sari, Emma Trinurani Sofyan, Anni Yuniarti

Jurnal Kultivasi

This study assesses the impact of adding phosphate and boron in a mixed liquid fertilizer (MLF) on the growth and yield of red chili plants cultivated in a subsoil environment. The experiment was conducted to comprehend how these nutrients affect the performance of red chili plants, particularly when cultivated in less ideal conditions such as subsoil, a remnant of excavation for brick production. The research was carried out at the Ciparanje Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The research design employed a Randomized Completely Block Design with the following treatments: A = Control (degraded soil without fertilizer), B …

A Study On The Promising Ecotypes Of Secale Montaanum Guss., Bahram Peymani-Fard

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Secale montamum (mountain rye) has been identified as a well-adapted species for rehabilitation of the substeppic rangelands of Iran. Further investigation on the quality and quantity values of different ecotypes of this species was required. The main objective of this study was to determine phenological stages, herbage yield and protein percentage of the promising native ecotypes of Secale montanum. This research was conducted on 7 ecotypes in which early growth started in late April and heading occurred in late May. Comparison of the 4-year total herbage yield indicated significant differences among the ecotypes, Secale momtanum (10091), which was the previously …

Forage Quality Determinants Of Mott Elephantgrass And Pennisetum Hybrids, L E. Sollenberger, J E. Moore, J A. Flores-C, C J. Chaparro, B Macoon

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Daily gains of cattle grazing Mott elephantgrass (MB; Pennisteum purpureIum Schum.) arc approximately twice those obtained on other warm-season perennial grasses grown in Florida, USA, but plant characteristics responsible for the high forage quality of MB have not been identified. Three experiments were conducted during 1987- 1991 to determine factors that explain the high forage quality of MB and to assess the quality potential of P. purpureum x P. glaucum (L.) [R.Br.J x clephantgrass hybrids. Higher organic matter (OM) digestibility and intake of MB than Pensacola bahiagrass (PB; Paspalum nonatum Flugge) were associated with a lesser percentage of sclercnchyma (1.6 …

Determination Of Extractable And Bound Condensed Tannins In Forage Species, G B. Douglas, P Donkers, A G. Foote, T N. Barry

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The levels of condensed tannins (CT) in 12 herbaceous species growing at 2 sites were determined using a recently modified butanol­HCL procedure. The method measured CT extractable in 70:30 acetone: water, and CT bound to protein and fibre, using ground, freeze-dried material. Total plant CT levels ranged from trace to 8% OM, with high concentrations (5-8% DM) being detected in 3 Dorycnium spp. and Lotus pedunculatus. Coronilla varia, Hedysarum coronarium and Lotus corniculatus had CT levels of 2-4% DM which may be appropriate for optimum nutritional value. CT content in ·n. rect11m, D. pe11taphyl/11m and L. pedunculatus was higher …

The Genera Vicia And Lathyrus In Rio Grande Do Sul (Southern Brazil): Cytogenetic And Isozymic Evaluation As Support For Plant Breeding, M T. Schifino-Wittmann, L H. Cardoso De Freitas, A H. Lau

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Native, naturalized and exotic Vicia and l.atliyrus species of Rio Grande do Sul were studied for chromosome numbers and meiotic behaviour, All species were diploid, with essentially regular meiosis and high pollen stainability. Interspecific differences for chiasma frequencies, chromosome and pollen grain size were detected. Polymorphism for chromosome number was observed in Vicia anguslilolia (2n = 10, 12, 14). Bsterase isozyme patterns are being analysed,

Growth Characteristics Of Hordeum Bulbosum L. And Its Use As Fodder, H Hirota, A Goto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pot experiments were conducted to evaluate herbage production and feeding value of Hordeum bulbosum L. during 1988-1990. After spring sowing, tiller and leaf number increased remarkably until the autumn of the seeding year. Three cuttings with 2-month intervals from June gave high production. With autumn sowing, 3-4 cuttings in a growing season assured good regrowth and high production during 2 years after sowing. This grass is of high herbage quality except in heading stage.

Nitrogen And Phosphorus Nutrition Of Digitaria Eriantha: Is It Limited By Absorption Capacity Or Rate Of Supply?, M C. Scholes, R J. Scholes, J Retief

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Digitaria eriantha was grown from seed collected from low and high nutrient habitats. The plants were grown with either a high or low nutrient supply for 12 weeks. Rates of nitrogen and phosphorus absorption were measured on excised roots using colorimetric assays. The grasses from the low nutrient areas achieved the same maximum uptake rates regardless of the level of N supplied, This was not so for the grasses from the high nutrient site which increased their uptake rates with increased N supply. Plants from the low nutrient site showed markedly increased P absorption when supplied with high levels of …

Management Strategies To Improve Indigenous Meat Goat Productivity In Semi-Arid Areas Of Southern Africa, L R. Ndlovu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The semi-arid areas of southern Africa are characterised by low and erratic rainfall coupled with sandy soils which result in severe fluctuations in feed quality and quantity. Goats are an important component of farming systems in these areas but their meat production is constrained by shortage of feed in the dry season. Young goats are particularly vulnerable and management systems that prevent weight loss during the dry season are needed. Positive growth rates in kids· aged 8-60 weeks were obtained in response to feeding 200-400 g of Dolichos lablab (a drought-tolerant fodder) or Acacia lorti/is pods (a naturally occurring feed …

Nitrogen Content Of Panicum Maximum When Grown With Stylo And Siratro Under Two Moisture Regimes, U R. Sangakkara, K B. Attanayake

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The impact of 2 popular tropical legumes on the nitrogen (N) content of the rhizosphere and an associated grass (Panicum maximum) in a soil with low N status was evaluated. The effect of 2 soil moisture contents on this process, (a) field capacity - 25% depletion and (b) 50% depletion or below, was also studied. At the high soil moisture level, both legumes increased the N content of soil and Panlcum over the control. The N content of the soil and grass treatments containing stylo was marginally higher than in soils containing siratro. This phenomenon was less marked …

Evaluation Of Setaria Sphacelata Var. Splendida In Mediterranean Irrigated Conditions. I. Effect Of Cutting Frequency On Chemical Composition And Nutritive Value, P C. Tenreiro

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Chemical composition and nutritive value of Setaria sphacelata var. splendida were studied under 3 culling frequencies, 14, 28 and 56 days, under mediterranean irrigated conditions. The effect of cutting frequency on chemical composition and nutritive value was evaluated by measuring crude protein, structural and non-structural carbohydrates and dry mailer digestibility. Metabolisable energy was also estimated. Nutritive value was not strongly affected by cutting frequency and acceptable quality was found in the 56 days treatment (60% IVDMD, 8.5 MJ MB/kg OM, 10% CP). The results achieved are similar to those obtained With annual summer forage grasses like Sorghum spp.

Ruminant Animal Production From Forages: Present Position And Future Opportunities, David E. Beever

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The utilisation of forages by ruminants for the synthesis of meat and milk is often below expectations both in terms of the quantity and the composition of the product. Recognising that the nutrition of the ruminant is complicated by the need to meet the requirements of the host animal and its rumen ecosystem, it is now possible to identify the causes of some of these inefficiencies and to develop suitable strntegies to overcome them. This paper attempts, through a review of the mechanisms of carbohydrate and protein utilisation in the rumen and in the animal tissues, and identification of the …

Implications And Improvements In Nutritive Value On Plant Performance And Grassland Management, D Clark, J R. Wilson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lignin modification is one method of improving plant nutritive value and is used to illustrate methods and consequences of plant manipulation. The effect of modifying lignin organ, tissue or enzyme levels on plant performance is inferred from recent scientific work on a range of species. Selection for higher whole plant digestibility is sometimes negatively correlated with plant yield. However, there is sufficient variation in both characters that improvement new not inevitably lead to decreased yield. Cultivars selected for low leaf strength or more digestible stems usually have lesser amounts of sclerenchyma and vascular tissue with less lignin and thinner walls. …

Prediction Of The Digestibility Of Forages At Different Stages Of Maturity By Using Chemical, In Vitro And In Vivo Methods, P C. Gupta, K Pradhan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The chemical composition and in vitro dry matter (DM) and cell wall digestibility of different legumes, i.e, berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum), cowpea (Vigna sineuis),, guara (Cyamopsis tetragonolob), lucerne (Medicago sativa), metha (Trigonalla foeawmgroecun) and white senji (Melillotus alba); and non-legumes, i.e., bajra (Pennlsetum typloides), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare), maize (Zea mays), oat (Avena Sativa), PP grass (Pennisetum pedicellatum), sudan grass (Sorghum sudanese) and teosinte (Euchlaena maxicane) forages were determined. The correlation coefficients between ill vitro digestibility …

Nutritional Quality Of Ryegrass Pastures For Finishing Lambs In Southern Africa, D V. Paulsmeier, J H.F Meyer

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A comparison between ryegrass, clover and a ryegrass-clover mixture was made in terms of animal production and possible limitations on intake. The occurrence of bloat on leguminous pastures restricts the use of these species in pasture systems in southern Africa. Highest average daily gains of 215 g were obtained on the clover pastures while average daily gains on ryegrass were I 63 g. Low specific gravity of the rumen content of sheep grazing pure clover, 0.62 kg/I, indicated gas formation in the rumen. On the ryegrass-clover mixture,· the influence of the lower degradability of ryegrass (P= S3.8%) effectively eliminated possible …

Comparative Study Of Four Varieties Of Cowpea. 2. Nutritive Value And Voluntary Intake, M A. Gabra, K M. Ghobrial

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Pour varieties of cowpea (Vigna spp.) were sown lo study the effect of varieties on nutritive value and voluntary intake by sheep in 4 metabolism trials. Results showed that the feeding value as total digestible nutrients, starch value (SV) and digestible crude protein (DCP) of the different varieties were 63.05-65.61 %, 56.22-58.50% and 12.64-13.08%, respectively. Nitrogen balance was positive with sheep fed green forage. The voluntary intake from SV and DCP by sheep could cover the maintenance requirements from energy and protein with surplus for production.

Voluntary Intake And Rumen Degradation By Sheep Of Mature Pods Of Medicago Truncatula Cv. Paraggio, R Valizadeh, E D. Carter, N G. Yates

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The voluntary intake and rumen degradation of Medlcago trumcatula cv. Paraggio barrel medic pods harvested after both good and poor growing seasons were measured with Merino wethers. Voluntary intake measurements on 18 sheep were made during the last 12 days of a 3. week period. The degradation characteristics of the whole pods, seeds and hulls were measured by incubating samples (in nylon bags) for 24, 48 and 72 h in the rumen of 4 sheep fitted with rumen fistula and given a maintenance ration. The voluntary dry matter (DM) and organic matter intakes were 1837 and 1734 g/sheep/day for the …

Comparison Of Digestibility Of Sorghum Silage By Sheep And By Heifers With Special Reference To The Hemicellulose Monosaccharides, Osamu Kawamura, Shigeyuki Tanaka, Takashi Miaki, Kazuo Shinkai

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) and corn are the most popular summer forages in south-west Japan. In this experiment, the digestibilities of sorghum silage were determined by adult sheep and by heifers. The digestibilities of all proximate components by heifers were higher than by sheep, Non-structural carbohydrates were almost completely digested by sheep, in contrast to heifers which excreted a portion of the grain undigested. Neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin digestibilities for heifers were higher than those for sheep. Heifers digested each hemicellulose monosaccharide better than sheep, Sheep and heifers differed by the largest extent …

Improved Nutritive Value Of Different Forage Species Monitored By Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, N Berardo, A Tava, L Valdicelli, M Odoardi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The development of rapid and reliable methods for the evaluation and prediction of forage quality has been the objective of many researchers for several years. The infrared-reflectance technique was developed for rapid prediction of nutritive value and chemical composition of feedstuffs, and for the last decade has been applied at our institute for the prediction of the nutritive value of forage samples from field trials and breeding programmes. Calibration curves have been developed for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea· Schreb.), bromegrass (Bromus …

Forage Nutritive Value And Ensilability Of Some Common Grassland Herbs, J Isselstein

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Nutritive value for ruminant feeding and ensilability of Achillea millefollum, Plalllago lanceolata and Taraxacum offlcinale in comparison with Lolium perenne and Trifollum repens were investigated, The species were planted as monocultures in a field trial. The influence of the time of first cutting and nitrogen fertilisation was also studied, Laboratory methods were used to estimate the nutritive value and ensilability of the forage. L. perenne had the highest nutritive value, followed by T. repens and T. o.f!lc lnale. A, millefolium and P, lanceolata were of lower quality. The decrease indigestible net energy value from early to late cutting was …

Increasing The Forage Supply And Cattle Production Through A Three-Strata Forage System, K Lana, I M. Nitis, W Sukanten, S Putra, M Suarna

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A three-strata forage system (TSFS) experiment has been can-ied out for 3 years to study the effect of first stratum (grass and ground legume), second stratum (shrub legume) and third stratum (fodder tree) in increasing forage supply and Bali cattle production in a dryland farming area in Bali. The completely randomised factorial design consisted of 2 farming systems (TSFS and traditional system 2) and 2 stocking rates (2 and 4 steers/ha) with 10 and 11 replications. The 0.2S ha TSFS plot was divided into a 0.16 ha core area for food crop, a 0.09 ha peripheral area for the pasture …