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Building Academic Language Proficiency For English Learners, Abha Gupta May 2023

Building Academic Language Proficiency For English Learners, Abha Gupta

Teaching & Learning Faculty Publications

Academic language proficiency is essential for success in school, especially for English Learners (ELs). However, it is a skill which receives little attention. Many ELs frequently exit from language assistance programs because they perform well on social language tests and sound proficient in language interchange, due to strong basic interpersonal communication skills. However, they may still struggle in content areas due to poor academic language proficiency. This article’s main goals are to illustrate the value of academic language comprehension and offer teaching techniques that will help ELs develop this skill. These strategies, which play to English Learners’ strengths, incorporate cognates …


Immersive Learning Environments For Computer Science Education, Dillon Buchanan May 2023

Immersive Learning Environments For Computer Science Education, Dillon Buchanan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This master's thesis explores the effectiveness of an educational intervention using an interactive notebook to support and supplement instruction in a foundational-level programming course. A quantitative, quasi-experimental group comparison method was employed, where students were placed into either a control or a treatment group. Data was collected from assignment and final grades, as well as self-reported time spent using the notebook. Independent t-tests and correlation were used for data analysis. Results were inconclusive but did indicate that the intervention had a possible effect. Further studies may explore better efficacy, implementation, and satisfaction of interactive notebooks across a larger population and …


Integrated Stem And Literacy, Reannon Ray May 2023

Integrated Stem And Literacy, Reannon Ray

Curriculum and Instruction Undergraduate Honors Theses

Elementary teachers around the U.S. struggle with teaching engineering for two main reasons: feeling uncomfortable with the content and budgeting enough time for STEM without taking time away from other subject material (Lopez & Gregory, 2015). This has caused an emphasis on generic reading and writing skills rather than discipline-specific literacy skills (Lopez & Gregory, 2015) in elementary classrooms. The purpose of this project was to develop a children’s book that included discipline-specific literacy skills and integrated science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) content. The children’s book uses a relatable main character that goes through the engineering design process to …


Relationships Between School, Teacher, And Feature Characteristics And Teachers’ Access To Features Within Digital Curriculum Resources For Mathematics Instruction, M. Jill Harmon May 2023

Relationships Between School, Teacher, And Feature Characteristics And Teachers’ Access To Features Within Digital Curriculum Resources For Mathematics Instruction, M. Jill Harmon

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In 2019, RAND Corporation asked teachers which digital materials they used. This study expanded on this research by exploring the features contained in these programs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between teachers’ access to features and school (e.g., grand band, socioeconomic status), teacher (e.g., experience), and feature characteristics (e.g., feature choice). I report a significant regression model to predict the likelihood for a teacher to have access to each of the six features within differing contexts based on the characteristics.

To answer the research questions, I first reported descriptive statistics as percentages of teachers who …


Resources For Inclusivity In High School U.S. History Classrooms, Lauren A. Read May 2023

Resources For Inclusivity In High School U.S. History Classrooms, Lauren A. Read

Masters Projects

Throughout the country at this time, Social Studies curriculum has come under scrutiny, especially in areas that try to promote a diverse/inclusive or multicultural curriculum. These efforts have been met with a large amount of resistance from community members and stakeholders in many school districts. The research however has shown that by having a diverse and inclusive historical curriculum, students from all demographics benefit and have increased levels of empathy towards marginalized groups of students. Within this type of curriculum students are able to analyze and understand a multicultural history, especially when diverse or missing narratives are included that can …


Annotations Of Awareness: A Framework For Externalizing Thinking To Promote Metacognitive Discourse In High School English And Social Studies Classrooms, Todd Howard May 2023

Annotations Of Awareness: A Framework For Externalizing Thinking To Promote Metacognitive Discourse In High School English And Social Studies Classrooms, Todd Howard

All Dissertations

Teachers find it challenging to integrate metacognition into the classroom to promote critical thinking, but such rigorous instruction is one way to improve access to quality education for all students, no matter their access to outside-of-school resources. To help teachers find more comfort and confidence in designing for increased critical thinking and metacognitive discourse and to help close the theory-practice gap in metacognition research, I conducted a mixed-methods case study focusing on assessment-design interventions. Using the Metacognitive Framework for Assessment Design and Annotations of Awareness, both designed in response to my literature review, my 90-day action research included three Plan-Do-Study-Act …


History Of Redlining: Students Of Color In American Public Schools, Jennifer M. Villafaña May 2023

History Of Redlining: Students Of Color In American Public Schools, Jennifer M. Villafaña

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

This paper briefly speaks on the history of redlining in American neighborhoods, it touches on how this is still affecting demographic areas. Regarding health, resources, wealth, opportunities and education. Discussing graduation rates, degree statistic achievements and how future and current educators can bring light and change to the inequality of the educational gap.


Increasing Science Curriculum In Preschool, Sandra Rogel May 2023

Increasing Science Curriculum In Preschool, Sandra Rogel

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

Early preschool curriculum often needs more attention to science. When the science curriculum is missing from the preschool curriculum, children may not recognize early science concepts, develop little interest in scientific concepts, and lack sufficient skills for kindergarten readiness. When preschool children are exposed to a science curriculum, they begin to apply scientific concepts, acquire scientific language, and develop scientific thinking. Therefore, to address the insufficiency of science in the preschool curriculum, I developed a three-day lesson for 3 to 5-year-olds at MCOE Early Learning Program at Creekside in Salinas, California.


Retracted: Interactive Learning Multimedia: A Shortcut For Boosting Gen-Z’S Digital Literacy In Science Classroom, Siti Zahra Mulianti Natsir, Bibin Rubini, Didit Ardianto, Nurhaedah Madjid Apr 2023

Retracted: Interactive Learning Multimedia: A Shortcut For Boosting Gen-Z’S Digital Literacy In Science Classroom, Siti Zahra Mulianti Natsir, Bibin Rubini, Didit Ardianto, Nurhaedah Madjid

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

RETRACTED: The editorial board of JPtpp has officially retracted the article "Interactive Learning Multimedia: A Shortcut for Boosting Gen-Z’s Digital Literacy in Science Classroom" (Vol 8, No 4: APRIL 2023, pp.291-298), due to a violation of publication ethics.
Following a thorough review, the editor confirmed that this paper represents a duplicate publication. It contains redundant material previously published in Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, November 2022, Volume 8, Issue 5,2168-2175, URL: https://jppipa.unram.ac.id/index.php/jppipa/article/view/1897, under the title "Interactive Learning Multimedia: A Shortcut for Boosting Gen-Z’s Digital literacy in Science Classroom".
In accordance with institutional policies, the digital version of this document has been …


Students’ Learning Styles: How Does It Affect Students’ Understanding Of The Materials In An Online Academic Article Writing Class?, Nur Habibah, Anisya Septia Ayucahyani, Maghrisya Putri Yudistia, Moch. Rizkhal Fanani, Leonel Hernandez Apr 2023

Students’ Learning Styles: How Does It Affect Students’ Understanding Of The Materials In An Online Academic Article Writing Class?, Nur Habibah, Anisya Septia Ayucahyani, Maghrisya Putri Yudistia, Moch. Rizkhal Fanani, Leonel Hernandez

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The COVID-19 pandemic affects the learning process in the world that must be done online without direct teaching. Student learning situations may be different from direct learning; therefore, students must adapt again to this online learning system that can in-fluence their learning styles. There have been numerous studies examining students' learning styles, but the information on whether learning styles influence their new online learning adaptation is not sufficient. Thus, this present study is important in analyzing students’ learning styles and how learning styles affect students’ understanding of the materials given by the teacher in an online Academic Article Writing class. …


Practicality Of Mathematic Learning Material Based On Sway 365 For Sixth Grade Primary School Students, Yola Monica Efriani, Alwen Bentri, Urvi Ghosh Apr 2023

Practicality Of Mathematic Learning Material Based On Sway 365 For Sixth Grade Primary School Students, Yola Monica Efriani, Alwen Bentri, Urvi Ghosh

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This research is development research that aims to reveal the practicality level of Microsoft Sway 365-based mathematics teaching materials for sixth-grade elementary school students. For the research instruments, we used questionnaire sheets to measure students’ and teachers’ responses in terms of the practicality of the developed material. The subject of the study was a fourth-grader of SD Plus Marhamah. The results suggested 4.23 and 4.4 practicality scores from students and teachers, respectively, categorized as excellent. So it can be decided that Microsoft sway 365-based mathematics teaching materials are practical to be used for sixth-grade elementary school students.


Students’ Perceptions And Satisfaction Analysis Towards Online Guidance And Counseling Services During Covid-19 Pandemic, Nina Alfa Rizkana, Sofia Farzanah Sulaeman, Venazmi Livia Buamona, Herdi Herdi, Tamima Rubama Apr 2023

Students’ Perceptions And Satisfaction Analysis Towards Online Guidance And Counseling Services During Covid-19 Pandemic, Nina Alfa Rizkana, Sofia Farzanah Sulaeman, Venazmi Livia Buamona, Herdi Herdi, Tamima Rubama

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought about fundamental changes in providing school guidance and counseling services. The provision of services that were previously done offline, now it was changed to online. This study examines the descriptions of students' perceptions and level of satisfaction with online guidance and counseling services. The purposive sampling technique was done by surveying and sampling. A total of 246 respondents were obtained with the use of perception assessment as the instrument and CSQ-8 to measure the level of satisfaction. The results showed that students had a good perception of online Guidance and Counseling (BK) services and had …


Digital Literacy Skills In Tvet: A Literature Study, Alfi Rohmah, Felix Andika Dwiyanto, Agung Bella Putra Utama, Eddy Sutadji Apr 2023

Digital Literacy Skills In Tvet: A Literature Study, Alfi Rohmah, Felix Andika Dwiyanto, Agung Bella Putra Utama, Eddy Sutadji

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

21st-century learning requires various abilities to adapt to the technological era because the digital information provided in this era is sometimes inaccurate. Therefore, students should be equipped with digital literacy skills. This study aims to determine the digital literacy skills of TVET students and the effects of digital literacy. In this study, we used a systematic literature review (SLR) with the PICOC method on data derived from the article literature. The results of the study show that digital literacy can improve critical thinking skills. IT literacy skills are also essential for adult life. Besides, digital literacy also influences student achievement …


Development Of Android-Based "Megowan" Learning Media (Knowing Animals) For Class V Elementaryschool Students, Risa Hayati, Fitria Nur Hasanah, Sofiyah Al Idrus Apr 2023

Development Of Android-Based "Megowan" Learning Media (Knowing Animals) For Class V Elementaryschool Students, Risa Hayati, Fitria Nur Hasanah, Sofiyah Al Idrus

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

Technology carries many advantages, especially in the field of education. Linearly, students and teachers also get the benefits advantage by developing Android-based media for the learning process. This development research aims to make Megowan learning media based on Android on material that classifies animals based on their type of food for grade V elementary schools. In the long term, we also aim to identify the effectiveness and practicality of Megowan learning media for students, as well as improve student learning outcomes. This RnD (Research and Development) used ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) research model. The research subjects were 12 …


Developing English Beginner Material For Adult Level Integrated Into Web Mobile, Agus Triyogo, Maria Ramasari, Hamdan Hamdan, Wicaksono Febriantoro Apr 2023

Developing English Beginner Material For Adult Level Integrated Into Web Mobile, Agus Triyogo, Maria Ramasari, Hamdan Hamdan, Wicaksono Febriantoro

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

English is an international language which uses as language communication by people in the world with different language backgrounds, by English people have easy-to-do relationships with other people oversea. Looking at the larger of English users in the world, Indonesian must try to follow by learning English to make interaction with other people in the global area. English be one of the scrim lessons in the school because it contrasts with Indonesia Language in vocabulary, pronunciation and vocabulary. Such as in the physic study program at STKIP PGRI Lubuklinggau as 1. Difficult to master English vocabulary, 2. Confuse how to …


Enhancing Students’ Critical Thinking Skills: A Quasi-Experiment Study On Inquiry Learning Model, Femmy Roosje Kawuwung, Jimmi Andrew Mamahit, Nidal Jabari Apr 2023

Enhancing Students’ Critical Thinking Skills: A Quasi-Experiment Study On Inquiry Learning Model, Femmy Roosje Kawuwung, Jimmi Andrew Mamahit, Nidal Jabari

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

Limitations of innovation in learning can cause problems, including the low critical thinking skills of students. Critical thinking skills are important in problem-solving activities, innovating, and being able to make decisions. Students’ critical thinking skills can be improved through the inquiry learning model that focuses on finding new information or knowledge. This study aims to analyze the effect of the inquiry learning model on students’ critical thinking skills using quasi-experimental research with research on the static-group comparison design. Data were collected from pre-research data (to determine the initial ability of students’ critical thinking skills before treatment), pre-test, and post-test based …


Tapping Toulmin’S Sound Argument: El Undergraduates’ Arguments Quality In The Research Discussion, Adianto Restu Wicaksono, Yazid Basthomi, Anik Nunuk Wulyani Apr 2023

Tapping Toulmin’S Sound Argument: El Undergraduates’ Arguments Quality In The Research Discussion, Adianto Restu Wicaksono, Yazid Basthomi, Anik Nunuk Wulyani

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

Rhetorical studies thus far have investigated the crucial rhetorical pattern in research discussion. However, those studies have not provided sufficient analyses on Toulmin’s model as a framework to determine arguments’ quality in research discussion. This study aims to investigate the ELE undergraduates’ arguments’ quality that manifested in research discussion. The finding of the study reveals undergraduates’ tend to form almost-complete arguments that consist of four Toulmin arguments elements, namely “Claim”, ”Data”, ”Warrant”, and “Back-Up” while “Qualifier” and “Rebuttal” are missing. This study provides interpretive elaboration of overall quality of the arguments and possible factors that led two elements being disregarded.


A Narrative Study On Exploring Google Voice Assistant In Efl Clasroom: Voice From Indonesian College Teacher, Wildana M. Giffari, Moh. Arif Mahbub, Moch. Imam Machfudi Apr 2023

A Narrative Study On Exploring Google Voice Assistant In Efl Clasroom: Voice From Indonesian College Teacher, Wildana M. Giffari, Moh. Arif Mahbub, Moch. Imam Machfudi

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

In recent years, technology has played a crucial role in human life including education sector. The integration of artificial intelligence to the education sectors is an output of technology development. This study investigates the English foreign language college teachers’ experience in implementing the artificial intelligence based digital assistant called Google Voice Assistant (GVA). GVA was one of the types of digital assistant that was provide and dominantly used in Indonesia. This study seeks to an exploring of how collage teacher integrating the Google Voice Assistant in English foreign language classroom, especially for university students. This narrative study employs a semi- …


Stories In Motion: Integrating Creative Dance In A Language Arts Classroom, Amira Akam Apr 2023

Stories In Motion: Integrating Creative Dance In A Language Arts Classroom, Amira Akam

Departmental Honors & Graduate Capstone Projects

As learning gaps have widened in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increased need for research-based strategies to improve student academic achievement and engagement. This study explored the integration of creative dance as a form of storytelling in a kindergarten language arts classroom. Students were introduced to an element of dance and used it to create short dance phrases in a unit on retelling. Both qualitative and quantitative data was collected using pre/post tests and student interviews measuring students’ engagement and enjoyment. Students involved in this study showed significant growth in their ability to orally retell …


Strategies To Aid Multilingual Learners In Academic Language Acquisition In Elementary Science And Mathematics Classes, Mikayla Grumbacher, Sophia Sladic Apr 2023

Strategies To Aid Multilingual Learners In Academic Language Acquisition In Elementary Science And Mathematics Classes, Mikayla Grumbacher, Sophia Sladic

James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal (JMURJ)

This qualitative inquiry research study surveys academic language acquisition strategies for teachers of multilingual learners in elementary science and mathematics classes. We paired readings of recent peer-reviewed journal articles with video observations of three elementary school teachers and an interview with a Director of English as a Second Language for a county in Virginia. Thematic analysis helped us identify similar strategies across the different studies, classroom observations, and interview. Our findings suggest that utilizing sensory and interactive supports are especially helpful strategies for teachers seeking to help multilingual learners in academic language acquisition.


Exploring Stem Teaching Assistants’ Self-Efficacy And Its Relation To Approaches To Teaching, Cody R. Smith, Deepika Menon, Annette Wierzbicki, Jenny Dauer Apr 2023

Exploring Stem Teaching Assistants’ Self-Efficacy And Its Relation To Approaches To Teaching, Cody R. Smith, Deepika Menon, Annette Wierzbicki, Jenny Dauer

Department of Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education: Faculty Publications

Undergraduate and graduate teaching assistants (TAs) play large roles in introductory undergraduate education despite having little to no teaching experience or professional development (PD). Self-efficacy and teaching approach have each been studied as independent variables that impact teaching performance and student learning in the absence of practiced skill or developed knowledge. This study explored relationships between TAs’ teaching approaches and teaching self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was measured using the Graduate Teaching Self-Efficacy Scale (GTA-TSES), and teaching approach was measured using the Approaches to Teaching Inventory (ATI). The following research questions guided the study: What is the relationship between TAs’ approaches to teaching …


Advocating For Equity In Teaching And Learning, Marrielle Myers Apr 2023

Advocating For Equity In Teaching And Learning, Marrielle Myers

KSU Distinguished Course Repository

Learners in this course will use a critical lens to examine the challenges and opportunities that students, teachers, families, and leaders in urban contexts face related to opportunity gaps, classroom management, assessment, special education, gifted education, and retention. Learners will complete field-based assignments and will think analytically about and develop a research-based advocacy plan to advocate for change regarding a critical issue in urban schools.


The Impact Of Using Best Practices To Improve English Language Arts Standardized Test Scores In Rural Central Mississippi Schools, Caroline Greer Ferguson Apr 2023

The Impact Of Using Best Practices To Improve English Language Arts Standardized Test Scores In Rural Central Mississippi Schools, Caroline Greer Ferguson

Merge

In recent years, the Mississippi Department of Education has made several changes in curriculum and policy to improve students’ literacy rates on standardized test scores. As a result of these changes, teachers have been offered more professional development training to educate them on best literacy practices to implement in the classroom. This study aims to identify best practices that teachers use in third-grade classrooms to improve students’ standardized test scores on the Third Grade Mississippi Academic Assessment Program (MAAP) for English Language Arts (ELA). Upon obtaining Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, the student researcher obtained approval from administrators to conduct …


Teaching About The Global Refugee Crisis, Melissa Kafer Apr 2023

Teaching About The Global Refugee Crisis, Melissa Kafer

Honors Projects

Around the world, there are more than 30 million refugees (UNHCR, 2023) facing language barriers, cultural differences, prejudice, racism, and xenophobia. The number of admitted refugees in 2022 has more than doubled since 2021 (Duffin, 2022), and yet, many Americans do not know or understand the global refugee crisis. There are misconceptions in America that cause lack of empathy, bias, and prejudice towards refugees. Through the creation of four lesson plans, this research project aims to discover Americans’ misunderstandings regarding refugees and teach them about the crisis to remedy the misconceptions. This study includes a literature review detailing appropriate teaching …


Multiple Case Study Of Science And Engineering Integration In Secondary School Across Six School Districts, Elizabeth Hasseler, Elizabeth B. Lewis Apr 2023

Multiple Case Study Of Science And Engineering Integration In Secondary School Across Six School Districts, Elizabeth Hasseler, Elizabeth B. Lewis

Department of Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education: Faculty Publications

A multiple case study was conducted to investigate six districts’ approaches to integrating science and engineering curricula in their secondary education programs. Data collected included classroom observations, interviews with teachers and administrators, college transcripts, professional development, and curriculum, as well as how, and how district personnel supported, and teachers enacted classroom instruction to align with the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Six districts were chosen due to their ranges in their size, urban or rural context, and demographics. There were 25 participants in the study who were either district personnel or secondary teachers. All school districts in the study incorporated …


Mathematics Education In The United States Of America, Finland, And Singapore: A Comparative Study, Bethany C. Pomponi Apr 2023

Mathematics Education In The United States Of America, Finland, And Singapore: A Comparative Study, Bethany C. Pomponi

Kean Quest

Education systems around the world must put quality instruction as a priority, even as society constantly changes. Countries have to put a bigger emphasis on the importance of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education in their schools as the years have progressed. Those who have a career in the STEM areas are an integral part of sustaining a country’s economy. However, not every country does the best job in teaching STEM effectively and appropriately to students. Although countries around the world teach mathematics, each one has a different approach, as seen with scores from PISA and TIMMS regarding The …


Promoting Student Reflection Through Reflective Writing Tasks, Elena Taylor Apr 2023

Promoting Student Reflection Through Reflective Writing Tasks, Elena Taylor

Journal on Empowering Teaching Excellence

Access the online Pressbooks version of this article here.

Reflection is a necessary component of learning. Through reflective assignments and tasks, students are given opportunities to evaluate their learning and analyze strategies they use while acquiring and applying course material. Reflections also help students assess and think deeply about the information presented in class and thus better retain it. Through reflecting on their learning, students are also given the opportunity to formulate goals for future improvement. Reflective tasks can be implemented in any classroom, and writing is a powerful tool to do that. This article describes several writing tasks that …


A Participatory Exercise In Developing Syllabi With Adult Learners, Laneshia Conner, V. Nikki Jones, Jason P. Johnston Apr 2023

A Participatory Exercise In Developing Syllabi With Adult Learners, Laneshia Conner, V. Nikki Jones, Jason P. Johnston

Journal on Empowering Teaching Excellence

Access the online Pressbooks version of this article here.

Transformative participatory approaches in education are positioned to challenge traditional models where instructors bear all responsibility for knowledge creation and learners are passive recipients of knowledge. The promotion of participatory learning and critical pedagogy is essential to helping professionals seeking to understand oppressive structural barriers and employing strategies to dismantle these structures. This article describes a participatory approach undertaken to guide learners through an exercise to co-create syllabus content in a graduate social work course. Learners identified three themes, concerns, fears, and problems, related to the course material. Learners were also …


Full Issue: Journal On Empowering Teaching Excellence, Volume 7, Issue 1, Spring 2023 Apr 2023

Full Issue: Journal On Empowering Teaching Excellence, Volume 7, Issue 1, Spring 2023

Journal on Empowering Teaching Excellence

The full-length Spring 2023 issue (Volume 7, Issue 1) of the Journal on Empowering Teaching Excellence

Access the online Pressbooks version (with downloadable EPUB format) here.

The Spring 2023 issue presents research and guidance on topics related to student self-reflection, participatory learning, and returning to the in-person learning following the COVID-19 pandemic. The first article takes a critical approach to understanding pedagogy with adult learners by involving students in the creation of course syllabi as a way to challenge ideologies related the roles of instructor and students. The second article blends research and narrative to explore how the experiences of …


The Dialectic Transformation Of Teaching And Learning In Community Colleges Through Ungrading., Grace Pai, Jennifer Corby, Nicole Kras, Dusana Podlucká, Midori Yamamura Apr 2023

The Dialectic Transformation Of Teaching And Learning In Community Colleges Through Ungrading., Grace Pai, Jennifer Corby, Nicole Kras, Dusana Podlucká, Midori Yamamura

Publications and Research

As five Andrew J. Mellon Transformative Learning in the Hu-manities Faculty Fellows in the City University of New York, we capture in this essay the dialectical experience of ungrading our community college courses with our students. Drawing on case examples of implementing un-grading in a range of courses and a thematic analysis of our students’ reflec-tion submissions of being ungraded, we argue that ungrading is an effective pedagogical tool for debunking a deficits-based, outcomes-focused perspec-tive that is pervasive in studies on and of community college students. Through various ways of building student agency, self-reflection, and feed-back into our courses, we …