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Articles 2461 - 2490 of 3269
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
City Of Indianapolis V. Edmond: The Constitutionality Of Drug Interdiction Checkpoints, Ann Mulligan
City Of Indianapolis V. Edmond: The Constitutionality Of Drug Interdiction Checkpoints, Ann Mulligan
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
Foreword: Terrorism And Utilitarianism: Lessons From, And For, Criminal Law, Paul Butler
Foreword: Terrorism And Utilitarianism: Lessons From, And For, Criminal Law, Paul Butler
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
Past Violence, Future Danger?: Rethinking Diminished Capacity Departures Under Federal Sentencing Guidelines Section 5k2.13, Eva E. Subotnik
Past Violence, Future Danger?: Rethinking Diminished Capacity Departures Under Federal Sentencing Guidelines Section 5k2.13, Eva E. Subotnik
Faculty Publications
Under section 5K2.13 of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines, a judge is permitted to reduce a defendant's sentence on the grounds of diminished capacity. Most courts construing this provision have ruled that defendants whose offenses involved violence or the threat of violence are ineligible for a reduction in sentence. This Note argues that such an interpretation, which makes past violence a proxy for predicting future dangerousness, is problematic. Medically or psychologically treated, defendants may no longer pose a danger to society. This Note urges that, in accordance with section 5K2.13's language and history, courts should focus more broadly on whether the …
Community Prosecutors, Anthony V. Alfieri
Punishment Theory: Moral Or Political?, Guyora Binder
Punishment Theory: Moral Or Political?, Guyora Binder
Journal Articles
This article argues that the justification of punishment is best conceived as a problem of political theory rather than moral philosophy. Noting the familiar charge that utilitarianism permits framing the innocent, it argues that retributivism is equally vulnerable to the charge that it permits lynching the guilty. It argues that both critiques unfairly attribute lawlessness and dishonesty to the respective punishment theories. As a result, they mischaracterize both as theories about what individuals should do, rather than what acts legitimate government should authorize. In so doing, they disregard how committed the founders of the respective theories were to the rule …
Washington State's Return To Indeterminate Sentencing For Sex Offenses: Correcting Past Sentencing Mistakes And Preventing Future Harm, Jennifer M. Mckinney
Washington State's Return To Indeterminate Sentencing For Sex Offenses: Correcting Past Sentencing Mistakes And Preventing Future Harm, Jennifer M. Mckinney
Seattle University Law Review
The Washington legislature's return to indeterminate sentencing corrects its original mistake of setting fixed sentences for sex offenders with no supervision after release. Unlike the present civil commitment system, indeterminate sentencing preventatively detains offenders in the criminal system, protects the public, and ensures more control over offenders following their prison terms. Indeterminate sentencing provides a more efficient and effective alternative to the civil commitment process. Section II will briefly discuss the progression of sex offender sentencing from the original parole system to the present changes, and why past structures were instituted and later modified or repealed. Furthermore, Section II will …
Splitting The Atom Of Marshall's Wisdom, Susan Herman
Splitting The Atom Of Marshall's Wisdom, Susan Herman
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
This Will Hurt Me More Than It Hurts You: Social And Legal Consequences Of Criminalizing Delinquency, Jeffrey Fagan
This Will Hurt Me More Than It Hurts You: Social And Legal Consequences Of Criminalizing Delinquency, Jeffrey Fagan
Faculty Scholarship
What happens to adolescents once placed in the criminal justice system and the potential violations of human rights that ensue is the focus of this essay. The pace of change, the severity of the new laws, the potential for unintended negative outcomes, and the empirical reality of adult punishment of juvenile offenders creates new urgency to these questions. Unfortunately, there has been little analysis of the comparative effects of statutes and administrative laws that relocate juvenile offenders to the adult court, and there has been virtually no research on the efficacy, impact and consequences of sentencing juveniles as adults. There …
Compelled Statements From Police Officers And Garrity Immunity, Steven D. Clymer
Compelled Statements From Police Officers And Garrity Immunity, Steven D. Clymer
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
In this Article, Professor Steven Clymer describes the problem created when police departments require officers suspected of misconduct to answer internal affairs investigators' questions or face job termination. Relying on the Supreme Court's decision in Garrity v. New Jersey, courts treat such compelled statements as immunized testimony. That treatment not only renders such a statement inadmissible in a criminal prosecution of the suspect police officer, it also may require the prosecution to shoulder the daunting and sometimes insurmountable burden of demonstrating that its physical evidence, witness testimony, and strategic decisionmaking are untainted by the statement. Because police internal affairs …
Once, Twice, Four Times A Felon: North Carolina's Unconstitutional Recidivist Statutes, Jason White
Once, Twice, Four Times A Felon: North Carolina's Unconstitutional Recidivist Statutes, Jason White
Campbell Law Review
This article will examine actions taken by the North Carolina legislature to address problems posed by recidivist criminal behavior. In particular, the constitutional standing of North Carolina's habitual misdemeanor assault and habitual impaired driving statutes will be evaluated. In order to provide an adequate discussion, the history and general principles of recidivism will be addressed. In addition, the impact of recidivist statutory trends upon constitutional guarantees of double jeopardy will be analyzed. Finally, the article will explain that North Carolina's habitual misdemeanor statutes are standing upon teetering constitutional ground.
Section 5: Criminal Law And Procedure, Institute Of Bill Of Rights Law, William & Mary Law School
Section 5: Criminal Law And Procedure, Institute Of Bill Of Rights Law, William & Mary Law School
Supreme Court Preview
No abstract provided.
Rethinking The Sentencing Regime For Murder, Isabel Grant
Rethinking The Sentencing Regime For Murder, Isabel Grant
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
This article reviews the current sentencing regime for the crime of murder in Canada with a view to identifying its shortcomings and suggesting possibilities for improvement. The article argues that the existing classification of murder into first- and second-degree, and the harsh periods of parole ineligibility attached to a murder conviction should both be abolished. The author argues for a compromise position, which would maintain the important distinction between manslaughter and murder and yet allow sufficient flexibility for trial judges to ensure that sentences for murder, as with other crimes, can be tailored to fit the crime.
An Empirically Based Comparison Of American And European Regulatory Approaches To Police Investigation, Christopher Slobogin
An Empirically Based Comparison Of American And European Regulatory Approaches To Police Investigation, Christopher Slobogin
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
This article takes a comparative and empirical look at two of the most significant methods of police investigation: searches for and seizures of tangible evidence and interrogation of suspects. It first compares American doctrine regulating these investigative tools with the analogous rules predominant in Europe (specifically, England, France and Germany). It then discusses research on the American system that sheds light on the relative advantages and disadvantages of the two regulatory systems. More often than not, the existing data call into question preconceived notions of what "works." In particular, American reverence for search warrants, the exclusionary rule, and "Miranda" warnings …
Disarming Canadians, And Arming Them With Tolerance: Banning Firearms And Minimum Sentences To Control Violent Crime--An Essay On An Apparent Contradiction, Helene Dumont
Osgoode Hall Law Journal
In an article published in French in 1997, the author offered reflections on feminism and criminal law that would allow for a better control of violent crime, without Parliament having to resort to excessively severe sentences. In this respect, she argued that there was no contradiction in supporting the radical ban of firearms in Canada, while opposing a minimum sentence of four years under the Firearms Act, which currently affects approximately ten serious Criminal Code offences. After setting out her position in favour of the "disarmament" of Canadians, the author argued that minimum sentences of four years were unconstitutional. Such …
Har-Shefi V. State Of Israel, Mishael Cheshin, Jacob Turkel, Eliezer Rivlin
Har-Shefi V. State Of Israel, Mishael Cheshin, Jacob Turkel, Eliezer Rivlin
Translated Opinions
Facts: The appellant Margalit Har-Shefi was tried before the Magistrate’s Court in Tel-Aviv-Jaffa and convicted of the offense of neglect to prevent a felony (and of another offense, of which she was acquitted). It was held that although the appellant knew that a man named Yigal Amir was plotting to murder the Prime Minister of Israel, Yitzhak Rabin, she did not take reasonable means to prevent the commission of the felony. The conviction was appealed to the District Court and the appeal was upheld by a majority of judges. Leave was given to appeal the District’s Court’s decision. The appellant …
The Shadow Criminal Law Of Municipal Governance, Wayne A. Logan
The Shadow Criminal Law Of Municipal Governance, Wayne A. Logan
Scholarly Publications
Although it often escapes attention, municipal governments possess significant authority to enact criminal laws consistent with their expansive home rule and police powers. In this article, Professor Logan explores the numerous ways in which this authority manifests, and reflects upon, several of the main concerns presented by the "shadow criminal law" thereby created. These concerns include the negative practical consequences for individuals and entire communities associated with the proliferation of criminal laws, in which municipalities play a significant part; the specter that such governments will indulge punitive or parochial tendencies; and the pitfalls associated with intra-state diversification of the criminal …
Voluntariness With A Vengeance: Miranda And A Modern Alternative, Jonathan B. Zeitlin
Voluntariness With A Vengeance: Miranda And A Modern Alternative, Jonathan B. Zeitlin
St. Thomas Law Review
One of the most famous opinions in American jurisprudence is that of the United States Supreme Court in the case of Miranda v. Arizona. The Court's prophylactic rule in Miranda has been followed in both state and federal courts with little derogation for over thirty years. On February 8, 1999, in Dickerson v. United States, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit ignored Miranda, turning instead to 18 U.S.C. § 3501, a relatively obscure federal statute enacted in 1968 in response to the Court's decision in Miranda. The United States Supreme Court granted certiorari and heard oral …
A Comparative Analysis Of National Rules In The United States, The United Kingdom And Canada On The Ethical Duties Of A Judge, Prosecutor And Defense Counsel On Making Commentary To The Press In An Ongoing Case, Bradley M.J. Kellogg
War Crimes Memoranda
No abstract provided.
Post-Conviction Challenges To The Death Penalty: Mental Health Records And The Fifth Amendment, Barbara Gilleran-Johnson, Gloria A. Kristopek
Post-Conviction Challenges To The Death Penalty: Mental Health Records And The Fifth Amendment, Barbara Gilleran-Johnson, Gloria A. Kristopek
Loyola University Chicago Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Questioning The Rights Of Juvenile Prisoners During Interrogation , Adam Mizock
Questioning The Rights Of Juvenile Prisoners During Interrogation , Adam Mizock
Cleveland State Law Review
Part I of this Note will review a recent Colorado case involving the interrogation of a juvenile prisoner and the application of the additional-restraint factors within a totality-of-the-circumstances analysis. Part II will analyze how the decision in the Colorado case and the additional-restraint factors comport with the meaning of "custody" as set forth in U.S. courts' jurisprudence on custodial interrogations. Part III will propose that juvenile prisoners should be presumed in custody for Miranda purposes absent exceptional circumstances. It then will present the justification for this presumption, including a discussion of the solicitude normally provided to juveniles in the criminal …
Full Legal Representation For The Poor: The Clash Between Lawyer Values And Client Worthiness, Michelle S. Jacobs
Full Legal Representation For The Poor: The Clash Between Lawyer Values And Client Worthiness, Michelle S. Jacobs
UF Law Faculty Publications
This article seeks to expand the scope of our understanding of values and their connection to the work of poverty lawyers. The article explores the literature on poverty and moral worthiness. In order to bring clarity to the discussion, it examines social science research on defining "values" and detailing how they can affect behavior. Prof. Jacobs describes the reactions of clinical students to a classroom exercise, which asked them to describe the legal representation they would provide to hypothetical clients. This article describes how the link between students' values and broader societal beliefs affect the practices of the bar and …
Fourth Amendment Privacy Interests, William C. Heffernan
Fourth Amendment Privacy Interests, William C. Heffernan
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
Anti-Prostitution Zones: Justifications For Abolition, Sandra L. Moser
Anti-Prostitution Zones: Justifications For Abolition, Sandra L. Moser
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
The Back-Door To Prison: Waiver Reform, Blended Sentencing, And The Law Of Unintended Consequences, Marcy R. Podkopacz, Barry C. Feld
The Back-Door To Prison: Waiver Reform, Blended Sentencing, And The Law Of Unintended Consequences, Marcy R. Podkopacz, Barry C. Feld
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
The Tailoring Of Statutory Bubble Zones: Balancing Free Speech And Patient's Rights, Kristen G. Cowan
The Tailoring Of Statutory Bubble Zones: Balancing Free Speech And Patient's Rights, Kristen G. Cowan
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
Miranda's Exceptions In A Post-Dickerson World, Susan R. Klein
Miranda's Exceptions In A Post-Dickerson World, Susan R. Klein
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
No abstract provided.
It’S All About What You Know: The Specific Intent Standard Should Govern "Knowing" Violations Of The Clean Water Act, Randall S. Abate, Dayna E. Mancuso
It’S All About What You Know: The Specific Intent Standard Should Govern "Knowing" Violations Of The Clean Water Act, Randall S. Abate, Dayna E. Mancuso
Journal Publications
Part I of this Article examines the historical and conceptual foundations of the specific intent standard as applied both outside and within the environmental law context. Part II addresses the historical and conceptual foundations of the general intent standard, also outside and within the environmental law context. Part III reviews the history of the conflict between application of the specific intent and general intent standards in prosecutions for knowing violations of the Clean Water Act. Part IV presents arguments that support application of the specific intent standard to knowing violation cases under section 309(c)(2)(A) of the CWA. Part V analyzes …
State Cybercrime Legislation In The United States Of America: A Survey, Susan W. Brenner
State Cybercrime Legislation In The United States Of America: A Survey, Susan W. Brenner
Richmond Journal of Law & Technology
In the United States, cybercrimes are the focus of legislation adopted at both the state and federal levels. The U.S. Constitution allocates lawmaking authority between the two levels according to certain principles, one of which is that even when federal jurisdiction to legislate exists, federal legislation is appropriate only when federal intervention is required. And while federal legislative authority can pre-empt the states' ability to legislate in a given area, it rarely does, so it is not unusual for federal criminal laws to overlap with state prohibitions that address essentially the same issues.
Criminal Theory In The Twentieth Century, George P. Fletcher
Criminal Theory In The Twentieth Century, George P. Fletcher
Faculty Scholarship
The theoretical inquiry into the foundations of criminal law in the twentieth century, in both civil and common law traditions, is assayed by the consideration of seven main currents or trends. First, the structure of offenses is examined in light of the bipartite, tripartite, and quadripartite modes of analysis. Second, competing theories of culpability – normative and descriptive – are weighed in connection with their important ramifications for the presumption of proof and the allocation of the burden of persuasion on defenses. Third, the struggle with alternatives to punishment for the control and commitment of dangerous but non-criminal persons is …