Digital Commons Network^™

Amjambo Africa! (September 2021), Kathreen Harrison

Amjambo Africa!

In this Issue

Afghanistan..........................2/39

Burundi/Cameroon.....3/34 - 35

Education . ...........................4 - 9

Publshers Editorial Afghanistan.........................10

Translations........................11-13

World Market Basket........14/15

African Weddings...................16

Beautiful Blackbird Children’s Festival.................................17

Columns...18/19/31

New!

Health&Wellness...............22-30 Covid-19 and Delta variant In English & translation

New!

New Voices.........................32/33

Columnists

Kifah Abdullah,

Rupal Ramesh Shah,

Roseline Souebele

Nsiona Nguizani

Gashi

In honor of National Hispanic Heritage Month!......................39

Maine organizations serving Spanish speakers...

Spanish coming in October!

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Comparing Integrated And Malaria-Only Social And Behavior Change Programming In Nigeria: Initial Costing Data, Avenir Health

Sexual and Reproductive Health, Rights, and Choices

Breakthrough RESEARCH is conducting an effectiveness evaluation of social and behavior change (SBC) programming implemented by Breakthrough ACTION in Nigeria, comparing an integrated SBC program in Kebbi and Sokoto states with a malaria-only SBC program in Zamfara state. Using these results on impact, a cost-effectiveness analysis will determine which approach is more cost-effective in achieving improvements in health. This report presents estimated costs for the initial stage of the project, from April 2018 through December 2019, in the three northern states where the study is being conducted.

Breakthrough Research—Social And Behavior Change Costing Community Of Practice Series Brief #3: Capturing The Start-Up Costs Associated With Social And Behavior Change Interventions, Breakthrough Research

Sexual and Reproductive Health, Rights, and Choices

A successful social and behavior change (SBC) intervention requires the investment of time and resources in the intervention’s start-up phase, which is defined as the time from the project initiation until the project begins broad implementation. When conducting a costing study of an SBC intervention, it is useful to capture these initial costs separately and allocate them appropriately over the life of the intervention. By examining start-up costs separately, the post-start-up implementation costs can be forecasted more accurately for future budgeting purposes and for determining the appropriate costs for scaling-up interventions. This is the third in a series of briefs …

Precision Public Health Campaign: Delivering Persuasive Messages To Relevant Segments Through Targeted Advertisements On Social Media, Jisun An, Haewoon Kwak, Hanya M. Qureshi, Ingmar Weber

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Although established marketing techniques have been applied to design more effective health campaigns, more often than not, the same message is broadcasted to large populations, irrespective of unique characteristics. As individual digital device use has increased, so have individual digital footprints, creating potential opportunities for targeted digital health interventions. We propose a novel precision public health campaign framework to structure and standardize the process of designing and delivering tailored health messages to target particular population segments using social media–targeted advertising tools. Our framework consists of five stages: defining a campaign goal, priority audience, and evaluation metrics; splitting the target audience …

The Moderating Role Of Social Network Size On Social Media Use And Self-Esteem: An Evolutionary Mismatch Perspective, Amy J. Lim, Clement Yong Hao Lau, Norman P. Li

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Existing meta-analyses have shown that the relationship between social media use and self-esteem is negative, but at very small effect sizes, suggesting the presence of moderators that change the relationship between social media use and self-esteem. Employing principles from social comparison and evolutionary mismatch theories, we propose that the social network sizes one has on social media play a key role in the relationship between social media use and self-esteem. In our study (N = 123), we showed that social media use was negatively related to self-esteem, but only when their social network size was within an evolutionarily familiar level. …

The Pacific Sentinel: September 2021, Portland State University. Student Publications Board

The Pacific Sentinel

Editor: Vivian Veidt

Articles in this issue include:

• Letter From the Editor
• The Opaque Places of Cinema
• A “PIG” in Portland
• Jazzed to be Back
• Notes from Behind the Bar
• The Predicament of Mayor Wheeler
• The City of Portland Must Cut Ties With Israel

Put Yourself First (In A Sexy Way): Postfeminist Beauty Messaging And Resistant Media Texts, Margarita Artoglou

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The makeover montage trope is one of the most recognizable in media content aimed at young women, sending the message that social status and acceptance are only a new outfit and face of makeup away. While this trope and its message have been heavily critiqued by scholars, the message that beauty—and all its social benefits—can be achieved through consumerism has not disappeared, though the means by which this message is conveyed has changed. As a result of companies co-opting feminist rhetoric, conforming to standards of beauty has been recast as a “choice” one makes for herself, often wrapped in the …

Connecting Communities To Coastal Resilience: Enhancing Sustainability Through Public Participation In Salt Marsh Management And Restoration In Suffolk County, Ny, Jennifer L. Mcgivern

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Coastal resiliency is becoming significantly more critical to the livelihood of coastal communities as the frequency and intensity of storm events increases and is exacerbated by rising sea levels due to climate change. In October 2012 Superstorm Sandy impacted the New York-New Jersey area costing over $70 billion in storm damages and 147 lives lost, as storm surges surpassed record highs for the region. Protruding more than 100 miles into the Atlantic Ocean with over 1,000 miles of shoreline, Long Island is particularly vulnerable to the increasingly ferocious and numerous storms as well as the rising sea levels that climate …

A Journey Of Success: Italy’S Welcoming Of Jeep Into The Fiat Family, Madison Griffin

Symposium of Student Scholars

The following Theory Application Paper examined the unique cultural acquisition of Jeep by the Italian automotive giant Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino (FIAT) Chrysler Automobiles. The CELM cultural analysis model (Gao, 2013) was used to examine the culture, business environment, consumer lifestyle and mentality that allowed an “All-American” vehicle to find a new home in the Italian market. The use of the CELM model gives an in depth look at the culture of Italian business practices and what drives Italian consumers to participate in the market. The ultimate purpose of this research was to acquire the knowledge of successful tactics used …

Examining The Relationship Between African-Americans And Their Physicians, Genesis Weever

Symposium of Student Scholars

For years, there has been a bad history amongst the relationship between African-Americans and their fellow medical institutions. Many African-Americans do not believe that medical professionals have their best interest at heart. Oftentimes, their white counterparts may receive better care, even when they have the same condition. Many African-Americans may even face barriers that their white counterparts will not experience, and will be denied access to healthcare. This results in more deaths and critical illnesses of African-Americans. In order to discover the underlying problem and a possible solution, a review of the literature was initiated. Using a literature matrix and …

Spartan Daily, August 31, 2021, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2021

Volume 157, Issue 5

Using Visual Storytelling To Design Solutions-Based Approaches To Homelessness, Peggy Peattie

Dissertations

Despite millions of dollars spent over several decades on assistance programs, the nation’s homeless population has increased for the last four years in a row. The number of people reporting as homeless for the first time doubled in San Diego between June 2019 and June 2020. Trying to impose a one-size-fits-all model of care on a population comprised of unique individuals has resulted in many homeless opting for the street rather than subjugating themselves to rules they feel do not treat them with respect and dignity. Yet, the perspectives of homeless individuals are excluded from decision-making dialogue around policies and …

The Use Of Information Dissemination To Reflect Altruism Of Corporate Social Responsibility Projects In Ghana., Jonny Kwasi Owusu-Achaw, Philip Kwaku Kankam

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

It is evident from literature that organisations embark on Corporate Social Responsibility as a philanthropic approach and initiative to give back to society. In Ghana, Multi-National Companies (MNCs) such as Mobile Telecommunication Network (MTN) employ information dissemination techniques and processes to broadcast these projects to the public in a manner that reflect altruism. This study looked into MTN Ghana’s CSR `project at Akim Asafo Senior High School (SHS) to ascertain whether the altruism portrayed to the public via information dissemination of CSR projects reflect reality or mere publicity. Twenty (20) participants were sampled through the use of purposive and convenience …

The Guardian, Week Of August 30, 2021, Wright State Student Body

The Guardian Student Newspaper

News articles from The Guardian for the week of August 30, 2021. The Guardian is the official student-run newspaper for Wright State University. It has been published regularly since March of 1965.

The Role Of Previous Trauma To Stressful Media Encounters, Billy G. Dromgoole

Student Theses and Dissertations

Previous research has shed light on reexperiencing trauma via news coverage (Moyers, 1996). With the growing age of social media, it seems likely that the risk of such reexperiences via social media outlets could be high. Yet, there is a lack of research examining news coverage on social media and its role, if any. This study examined the role of previous trauma, and then the effect of viewing similar traumatic images provided by social media on vicarious trauma, negative affect, and state anxiety. Participants were randomly assigned to view either traumatizing videos (e.g., military or natural disaster videos) or neutral …

The Impact Of American Media Consumption On Saudi Young Adults' Social Media Behavior, Lifestyle, And Attitude Toward Non-Traditional Behaviors, Mohammed Khushaim

Student Theses and Dissertations

It is common knowledge that media has an influential role within human culture. They form the primary vehicle through which popular culture gets its identity (Hacker, 1975). American media are the leading source of entertainment and culture for the world. Hollywood movies particularly, exert great persuasive pressure on the behaviors of Saudi youth, by encouraging them into new lifestyle patterns and fashion (Gabner, 1986), despite their culture being defined by the Islamic heritage and historical position for trade. This paper will analyze the psychological, behavioral, and cultural effects of American media consumption on Saudi Youth. It will first outline the …

How The Covid-19 Pandemic Shifted Follower Connections Through Virtual Events And Engagement: A Study Of Parasocial Relationships Between Music Artists And Followers, Syrine Bougatef

Theses - ALL

This thesis explores how the COVID-19 pandemic forced a shift in the way parasocial relationships between music artists and their followers are created and maintained on social media platforms. Previous literature on the phenomenon of parasocial interactions advancing into parasocial relationships was discussed and analyzed as foundation for the research. The researcher conducted an online survey questionnaire and a social listening content analysis to study participants' behavior prior and during the pandemic, and how this affected participants' parasocial relationships with the music artists that they follow on the social media platforms that they use. The goal of this thesis was …

Sexual Consent On Social Media: How College Students' Exposure To Sexualized And Party-Related Content On Social Media Relates To Their Sexual Consent Beliefs, Attitudes, And Intentions, Andrea Marie Smith

Dissertations - ALL

Sexual assault remains a prevalent issue on college campuses across the United States. Significant research has argued that to reduce the sexual assault rates on college campuses, it is vital to understand the cultural and contextual factors that may affect sexual consent communication between college students. One of these important contextual factors is social media. Social media are a persuasive and influential part of a college student's daily life, especially when it comes to creating and sustaining relationships with others. The purpose of this dissertation was to understand how college students may use social media to interpret a person's willingness …

"This Ain't Dances With Salmon": Native American Tropes In Dime Novels And Western Film Referencing Dances With Wolves, Jennifer K. Melton

Communication Theses

Too many White Savior films are causing a loss in translation from Brown and Black people to tell their stories. Hollywood was built on systemic racism, much like the United States; however, beginning in the early 1900s was when Hollywood became a prominent film industry, it allowed Jay Silverheels and Stepin Fetchit to portray their race of character. Before Hollywood there were dime novels and Western shows, which at times did not portray these races in favorable light. Hollywood, dime novels, and Western shows from the era of Buffalo Bill are the reasons why there is White saviorism, even in …

Impact Of Ott Giants Onn Video Entertainment Preferences Of Indian Young Adults: A Before And After Study, Honey Rao

Theses - ALL

Despite having multiple platforms on both TV and OTT the motives behind the choice of video entertainment of young adults of India were unknown. There are many studies that talk about cord cutting internationally but very few focus on Indian audiences. Building upon the popularity of OTT and viewing it with diffusion of Innovation and Uses & Gratifications the present study aimed to understand the motives and preferences of young adults for video entertainment. It also aimed to know the differences in the choices and reason behind those choices of participants before and after the release of Indian content on …

Effectiveness Of Campus Health Communications In Engaging International Students, Malavika Randive

Theses - ALL

This study explored the levels of interaction from international students through the utilization of health and wellness resources at the Barnes Center at The Arch. This study focuses on establishing which service topics are most utilized and which are least utilized, as well as the channels of communications through which international students have found or interacted with information about these services and topics. The five topics and services that this study explored are as follows: Mental Health, Sexual Health & Safety, Alcohol & Drug Awareness, Healthcare, and Recreation. This study found that Healthcare and Recreation had the highest levels of …

“It’S Like 1998 Again”: Why Parents Still Refuse And Delay Vaccines, Jiana L. Ugale, Heather Spielvogle, Christine Spina, Cathryn Perreira, Ben Katz, Barbara Pahud, Phd Amanda F. Dempsey Md, Jeffrey D. Robinson Phd, Kathleen Garrett Ma, Mph Sean T. O’Leary Md, Mph Douglas J. Opel Md

Communication Faculty Publications and Presentations

We conducted a qualitative study from 2018 to 2019 to update the reasons why US parents’ refuse or delay vaccines. Four focus groups and 4 semi-structured interviews involving 33 primary care pediatric providers were conducted in Washington and Colorado. A thematic analysis was conducted to identify themes related to reasons for parental refusal or delay. Five predominant themes were identified: (1) vaccine safety, (2) relative influence of information sources, decision-makers, and timing, (3) low perceived risk of contracting vaccine-preventable disease, (4) lack of trust, and (5) religious objection. Vaccine safety was the theme mentioned most frequently by providers (N = …

Parental Incarceration And The Costly Effects On Their Children, Briana Rae Zocher

Master of Arts in Criminal Justice Leadership

The purpose of this project is to bring awareness to the silent victims associated with parental incarceration – their children. Throughout this project, the focus will be aimed towards promoting the education of the effects of parental incarceration and the impact it has on their children in a variety of compacities and how those settings influence incarceration amongst children of incarcerated parents. In addition, this paper will discuss parental incarceration in three different lens views: administrative, ethical, and legal. First, the administrative lens pertaining to leadership and evolution to successful leadership, especially the critical component of crisis communication strategy. Second, …

Ethical Issues In Data Journalism, Bastiaan Vanacker

School of Communication: Faculty Publications and Other Works

This chapter starts out by situating data journalism in relation to computer-assisted reporting and computational journalism and argues that data journalism has ballooned in recent decades as a result of the great availability of databases, increased training, and lower costs of computers. It then analyzes the main issues that can spring up at each phase of the data journalism process. During the collection process, journalists can be manipulated by flawed data or ethically compromised by using illegally obtained data. When they obtain data through surreptitiously scraping the web or paying for datasets, they might be violating notions of transparency and …

Spartan Daily, August 25, 2021, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2021

Volume 157, Issue 3

Assessing Risk At The National Strategic Level: Visualization Tools For Military Planners, Wade A. Germann, Heather S. Gregg

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

The reemergence of great power competition, conflict with near-peer competitor states below the level of armed conflict, and persisting threats from nonstate actors with transnational ambitions and global reach pose challenges for strategists planning, executing, and assessing military operations and strategy. Building on current visualization tools, two proposed models—the National Strategic Risk Abacus and the National Strategic Risk Radar Chart—address these challenges and better depict how the US military may inadvertently contribute to risk at the national strategic level.

Great (Soft) Power Competition: Us And Chinese Efforts In Global Health Engagement, Michael W. Wissemann

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Global health engagement, an underutilized strategy rooted in the strengths of soft power persuasion, can lead to more military-to-military cooperation training, help establish relationships that can be relied on when crises develop, stabilize fragile states, and deny violent extremist organizations space for recruiting and operations. Examining Chinese efforts worldwide to curry favor and influence and the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, this article shows health as a medium is a very compelling and advantageous whole-of-government approach to national security policy concerns.

Reversing The Readiness Assumption: A Proposal For Fiscal And Military Effectiveness, Jason W. Warren, John A. Bonin

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Looming budget cuts will necessitate adept management to retain a military capable of competing and winning by avoiding the mistakes made in prior drawdowns. This article presents a framework for government and defense leaders to prepare for the coming drawdown and plan for the necessary capacity of tomorrow across the diplomatic, information, military, and economic framework.

Samuel Huntington, Professionalism, And Self-Policing In The Us Army Officer Corps, Brian Mcallister Linn

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Drawing on Samuel P. Huntington’s three phases of self-regulation used to determine if an occupation qualifies as a profession, this article focuses on the third phase of policing and removing those who fail to uphold the standards set forth in the first two phases. It reviews how the US Army implemented this phase following the Civil War through the post–Vietnam War years and the implications for the officer corps.

The Prospector, August 24, 2021, Utep Student Publications

The Prospector

Headline: Miners Start Season on the Road