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Modeling The Uptake And Transpiration Of Tce Using Phreatophytic Trees, Douglas P. Wise Dec 1997

Modeling The Uptake And Transpiration Of Tce Using Phreatophytic Trees, Douglas P. Wise

Theses and Dissertations

Phytoremediation is a recent addition to the numerous methods used today to remediate ground water contaminants. It is proving more effective and efficient compared to existing remediation techniques. The use of phreatophytes, or water seeking trees, has great potential for phytoremediation. These trees are fast growing, long lived, grow their roots down to the ground water table, transpire large amounts of water, and are proven to actively remove contaminants from the soil horizon. The purpose of this research is to develop quantitative concepts for understanding the dynamics of TCE uptake and transpiration by phreatophytic trees over a short rotation woody …

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Near-Field Measurements On Contrail Properties From Fuels With Different Sulfur Content, Andreas Petzold, Reinhold Busen, Franz Peter Schroder, Robert Baumann, Markus Kuhn, Johan Strom, Donald E. Hagen, Philip D. Whitefield, Darrel G. Baumgardner, Frank Arnold, Stephan Borrmann, Ulrich Schumann Dec 1997

Near-Field Measurements On Contrail Properties From Fuels With Different Sulfur Content, Andreas Petzold, Reinhold Busen, Franz Peter Schroder, Robert Baumann, Markus Kuhn, Johan Strom, Donald E. Hagen, Philip D. Whitefield, Darrel G. Baumgardner, Frank Arnold, Stephan Borrmann, Ulrich Schumann

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Microphysical properties of jet exhaust aerosol and contrails were studied in the near field of the emitting aircraft for different fuel sulfur contents. Measurements were performed behind two different aircraft (ATTAS test aircraft of type VFW 614 and Airbus A310-300) using fuels with sulfur contents of 6 ppm and 2700 ppm, respectively. At closest approach (plume age < 1 s), the total number concentrations exceeded the measuring range of the condensation particle counter, i.e., N > 105 cm-3. The concentration of the dry accumulation mode aerosol, i.e., predominantly soot particles, was not affected by the fuel sulfur content. At a plume age of 10 s, an increase in total number concentration (Dp > 0.01 μm) by a …

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Evaluation Of The Natural Biodegradation Of Aircraft Deicing Fluid Components In Soils, Laura M. Johnson Dec 1997

Evaluation Of The Natural Biodegradation Of Aircraft Deicing Fluid Components In Soils, Laura M. Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

This research effort was conducted to analyze the biodegradation of propylene glycol (PG) and tolyltriazole in two different soil types; a sandy soil and a high clay soil. Both an automated respirometer and a high performance liquid chromatograph (H PLO) were used in the analysis. Two separate experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, one level of tolyltriazole was added to the soils to determine whether or not there was a difference in the biodegradation rates of tolyltriazole in the two soils. The respirometer results indicated that there was a significant difference between the respiration rates of the microorganisms in …

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A Modeling Study For The Implementation Of In Situ Cometabolic Bioremediation Of Trichloroethylene-Contaminated Groundwater, John A. Christ Dec 1997

A Modeling Study For The Implementation Of In Situ Cometabolic Bioremediation Of Trichloroethylene-Contaminated Groundwater, John A. Christ

Theses and Dissertations

The limitations of conventional groundwater remediation technologies have led to the development of innovative technologies which may achieve national hazardous waste site remediation goals. Before an innovative technology can be implemented in the field, remedial project managers, regulators and other stakeholders require adequate modeling tools to help assess the applicability of the technology at a particular site. This modeling study investigates how an innovative technology, in situ cometabolic bioremediation, might be implemented to remediate a TCE-contaminated site, under different site conditions. A steady-state model is developed which couples an analytical expression to simulate the effect of flow between multiple pumping …

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Preparation Of High Rate Discharge Foamed Ni-Cd Battery, Yuming Wang, Jinsheng Chen Nov 1997

Preparation Of High Rate Discharge Foamed Ni-Cd Battery, Yuming Wang, Jinsheng Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

A novel device of SC type foamed NiCd battery is presented, in which, the innerresistance of battery is appeared to be reduced, and the electrode performance is gained to very improved, and so, this battery can be suited to using of the powerdrive pistol drill.

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Study On The Oxygen Electrodes Of Alkaline Fuel Cells Effect Of Dopant On The Activity Of Ag/C Catalyst, Jiawei Teng, Linhua Jin, Luncheng Tang Nov 1997

Study On The Oxygen Electrodes Of Alkaline Fuel Cells Effect Of Dopant On The Activity Of Ag/C Catalyst, Jiawei Teng, Linhua Jin, Luncheng Tang

Journal of Electrochemistry

A new kind of nonnoble catalyst for the oxygen electrodes of Alkaline Fuel Cells was investigated. The AgNiBiHg/C catalyst, which was prepared by chemical reduction, was active for the cathodic reduction of oxygen in alkaline fuel cells. It was found that the catalytic activity was improved by adding Ni, Bi, Hg to Ag/C catalyst, and the maximum activity was observed at Ag50%-Ni2%-Bi3%-Hg3%-C42%(wt%). XRD inconjunction with SEM indicated that the crystalline silver turned into amorphous in the presence of doping agents and the grain size of silver was reduced. No dramatic deactivation of the catalyst occured after 5200 hours of service.

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Advances In Solid Polymer Electrolytes, Liming Ding, Shaojun Dong, Erkang Wang Nov 1997

Advances In Solid Polymer Electrolytes, Liming Ding, Shaojun Dong, Erkang Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The formation, classification, applications and ion-transport mechanism studies of solid polymer electrolytes were reviewed. While the recent SPE reports on the preparation of novel materials, the full structure determinations of PEO/salt complexes, the exploration of ion-transport mechanism and the applications in electrochemical devices being introduced, some prospects on the future SPE research were suggested.

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Li/Α-Sn(Hpo4)2 Cell And Its Reaction Mechanism, Yuan Lin, Runliang Cai, Haoqing Wu Nov 1997

Li/Α-Sn(Hpo4)2 Cell And Its Reaction Mechanism, Yuan Lin, Runliang Cai, Haoqing Wu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The discharge mechanism of Li/α-Sn(HPO4)2 cell has been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, XPS and cyclic voltammetry methodes. It has been shown that the electrochemical intercalation reation exists in the cathode material. There is a new phase after some degree of intercalation. With potential step and galvanostatic techniques, the chemical diffusion cofficients of Li+ in LixSn(HPO4)2 is estimated to be 10-12～10-13 cm2·s-1.

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Mechanism Of Electrodeposition Of Cu/Co Multilayer Thin Films, Jiangyun Xue, Jixun Wu, Dejun Yang Nov 1997

Mechanism Of Electrodeposition Of Cu/Co Multilayer Thin Films, Jiangyun Xue, Jixun Wu, Dejun Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The mechanism of electrodeposition of Cu/Co multilayer thin films has been studied by means of potentodynamic sweep, cyclic voltammetry sweep and AC impendance. The results indicated that the copper deposition is mass transfer controlled process and the cobalt deposition is related to the absorbed intermediate species such as Co(OH)ads. The cobalt ions first form Co(OH)ads, then was deoxygenated to cobalt on the electrode surface.

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Study On Perchlorate Produced By Electrolysis With Oxygen Cathode, Zhigang Shao, Baolian Yi, Naichao Li, Ming Han Nov 1997

Study On Perchlorate Produced By Electrolysis With Oxygen Cathode, Zhigang Shao, Baolian Yi, Naichao Li, Ming Han

Journal of Electrochemistry

A new method of measuring the flow capacity of cell gas in the perchlorate cell process equipped with an oxygen cathode is applided to investigate the influence of changes in the concentration of solution (chloride, chlorate, perchlorate and metal ion) and changes in the operation parameters (current density, temperature and pH) on perchlorate current efficiency. The main abstacle that the oxygen cathode is used in the perchlorate cell process is put forward and a method is provided to resolve it.

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The Effect Of Solution Composition On The Corrosion Behavior Of Electrodeposited Zinc Powder, Qingwen Li, Qin Yang, Xi Xia Nov 1997

The Effect Of Solution Composition On The Corrosion Behavior Of Electrodeposited Zinc Powder, Qingwen Li, Qin Yang, Xi Xia

Journal of Electrochemistry

Zinc powder as a widely anode material can be electrowon from ZnCl2 or ZnO+KOH media. The properties of zinc powder are likely to be modified with electrolytic conditions such as the composition of bath solution, electrolysis manner, current density and additives etc.. In this paper, we have discussed the effect of the compositions of bath solution on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of zinc powder.

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The Activity Of Alloy Cu-Ni Electrode In Electroreduction Of Aromatic Nitro-Compounds, Chunan Ma, Shaoping Tong, Xiaojun Cheng, Hui Wang Nov 1997

The Activity Of Alloy Cu-Ni Electrode In Electroreduction Of Aromatic Nitro-Compounds, Chunan Ma, Shaoping Tong, Xiaojun Cheng, Hui Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Cu-Ni alloy on the basis of copper at different ratio Cu/Ni are prepared by codepostion. The cathode activtiy of film are studied by steady-state polarization for electroreduction nitro-benzene (NB) and 1,5-dinitroanthraquinone (1,5-DNA) to p-aminophenol and 1,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroanthraquinone respectly. The results show that the alloy cathodes at different ratio Cu/Ni have different exchange current density (io) and apparent activition energy (EA). The alloy (CN-30) has maximal io and minimal EA by codeposition at the following conditions: electrolyte: 0.05 mol/L CuSO4·5H2O+0.6 mol/L NiSO4·6H2O+0.25 mol/L Na3Cit·2H2O; …

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Photoluminescence Of Photoelectrochemically Etched N+-Si, Guozheng Li, Chengqian Zhang, Xiumei Yang Nov 1997

Photoluminescence Of Photoelectrochemically Etched N+-Si, Guozheng Li, Chengqian Zhang, Xiumei Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

PS layer on n+-Si with (111) orientation prepered by means of photoelectrochemically etched has photo-luminescent (PL) ability like PS layer on usual n-Si. The data of PL spectra and quenching are given.

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The Initial Process Of Amophous Electroless Nickel, Yi Chi, Lei Zhang, Yijan Wang, Maoyuan Ma Nov 1997

The Initial Process Of Amophous Electroless Nickel, Yi Chi, Lei Zhang, Yijan Wang, Maoyuan Ma

Journal of Electrochemistry

The initial process and mophology of electroless nickel played a domination role in adhesive strenghth of EN coating. The structure of initial deposits on certain matrixes was observed by TEM analysis. The deposition of a extremaly fine grain film depended on relative contrast between a coating and a matrix in crystal lattice parameters. When the coating and matrix had similar srystal lattice parameters. A extremely fine grain film was obtained. On the contrary, when the crystal lattice parameters were very different, a amorphous structure was observed.

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Development Of A New Type Ni-S Evolution Hydrogen Electrode For Water Electrolysis, Xiaoyou Yuan, Jinyu Wang Nov 1997

Development Of A New Type Ni-S Evolution Hydrogen Electrode For Water Electrolysis, Xiaoyou Yuan, Jinyu Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

A new type evolution hydrogen electrode NiS(N) has been made from nickel plating electrode in NiSO4CS(NH2)2 bath by electrodeposition. It is analyzed by SEM and X-ray energy spectrum. The NiS(N) electrode is different from the NiS(O) electrode (which is used in plant at present time) in surface metallograph configuration and surfer content. The results of measurement polarization curves and water electrolysis 480 hours at 5 000 A·m-2 show that the evolution hydrogen overpotential of NiS(N) electrode is decreased at least 160 mV relative to NiS(O) electrode and the stablisum of NiS(N) electrode is better …

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Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Materials And Technology, Naichao Li, Baolian Yi Nov 1997

Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Materials And Technology, Naichao Li, Baolian Yi

Journal of Electrochemistry

Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell materials are reviewed, and the technology of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell are discussed.

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The Effect Of Bismuth On Microstructure Of The Cathodic Copper Deposition Of Copper Electrorefining, Daorong Lu, Jianxing Lin Nov 1997

The Effect Of Bismuth On Microstructure Of The Cathodic Copper Deposition Of Copper Electrorefining, Daorong Lu, Jianxing Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrocrystal formation, crystal orientation and the chemical composition of the cathodic copper deposition in the presence of Bi3+ in the electrolyte of acidified CuSO4 are studies by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption and EDAM. The results indicate that the Bi could′t deposit on cathode when copper electrolysed at common current density i=200 A·mol/L-2 and t=60 ℃. Bi3+ scarcely effected on the crystal orientation (220) of copper deposition. High concentration Bi3+ in the electrolyte promoted (220) growth and inhibited the other crystal orientation growth. Bi3+ effected on electrocrystal formation and the cell …

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Hybrid Quantum And Molecular Mechanics Embedded Cluster Models For Chemistry On Silicon And Silicon Carbide Surfaces, James R. Shoemaker Oct 1997

Hybrid Quantum And Molecular Mechanics Embedded Cluster Models For Chemistry On Silicon And Silicon Carbide Surfaces, James R. Shoemaker

Theses and Dissertations

Fabrication of silicon carbide SiC semiconductor devices are of interest for aerospace applications because of their high-temperature tolerance. Growth of an insulating SiO2 layer on SiC is a poorly understood process, and sometimes produces interface defects that degrade device performance. Accurate theoretical models of surface chemistry, using quantum mechanics QM, do not exist because of the huge computational cost of solving Schroedingers equation for a molecular cluster large enough to represent a surface. Molecular mechanics MM, which describes a molecule as a collection of atoms interacting through classical potentials, is a fast computational method, good at predicting molecular structure, …

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Hybrid Reflection-Transmission Surface Light-Scattering Instrument With Reduced Sensitivity To Surface Sloshing, William V. Meyer, James A. Lock, Michael Cheung, Thomas W. Taylor, Padetha Tin, J. Adin Mann Jr. Oct 1997

Hybrid Reflection-Transmission Surface Light-Scattering Instrument With Reduced Sensitivity To Surface Sloshing, William V. Meyer, James A. Lock, Michael Cheung, Thomas W. Taylor, Padetha Tin, J. Adin Mann Jr.

Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering Faculty Research

A hybrid reflection-transmission surface light-scattering instrumental design is presented, examined theoretically, and tested experimentally. The purpose of the design is to reduce the sensitivity of the instrument to vibration in general and surface sloshing in particular while sacrificing Little performance. Traditional optical arrangements and two new optical configurations with varying trade-offs between slosh resistance and instrumental simplicity and accuracy are examined by use of Fourier optics methods. The most promising design was constructed and tested with acetone, ethanol, and water as subject fluids. The test involved backcalculation of the wave number of the capillary wave examined with the known physical …

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Optically Transparent Composite Material And Process For Preparing Same, D. E. Day, James O. Stoffer, John M. Barr Sep 1997

Optically Transparent Composite Material And Process For Preparing Same, D. E. Day, James O. Stoffer, John M. Barr

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Glass ribbon-reinforced transparent polymer composites which provide excellent optical transparency and a low distortion level over a wide temperature range while exhibiting superior mechanical properties as compared to non- reinforced polymer counterparts, and equivalent properties as compared to glass fiber-reinforced counterparts.

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Electrical Potential Distribution Around A Charged Colloidal Particle: Nonlinear Integral Equation, Yongxian Qian, Hao Deng, Guangzheng Yang Aug 1997

Electrical Potential Distribution Around A Charged Colloidal Particle: Nonlinear Integral Equation, Yongxian Qian, Hao Deng, Guangzheng Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrical potential distribution around a charged colloidal particle in a solution of general electrolytes is governed by the nonlinear Poisson Boltzmann equation, which is a differential equation and difficult to solve analytically. In this paper we numerically calculate the electrical potential using nonlinear Qian Poisson Bolazmann integral equation (PBIE). First, we introduce the PBIE derived from the physical principles for electrostatic fields and thermodynamic systems. Then the PBIE is numerically solved by means of iteration, in which the discrete potential is solely used. Finally, the accuracy of the numerical solutions proposed here is discussed.

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Study On The Diffusion Of Electroactive Molecules In Polymer Electrolyte By Microelectrode Voltammetry, Liming Ding, Shaojun Dong, Erkang Wang Aug 1997

Study On The Diffusion Of Electroactive Molecules In Polymer Electrolyte By Microelectrode Voltammetry, Liming Ding, Shaojun Dong, Erkang Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The ten years study on the diffusion of electroactive molecules in polymer electrolyte by microelectrode voltammetry was reviewed by considering the development background of polymer electrolyte materials. The classification, fabrication, applications and electrochemical measurements of microelectrode were introduced concisely. The several important factors influencing the diffusion of electroactive molecules were stressed. In the final part of this paper, some new reports on the diffusion of labeled molecules were introduced.

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Study On Electrochemical Reactions Of K4[Fe(Cn)6]/K3[Fe(Cn)6] With Graze Ellipsometry, Shengtao Zhang, Changyuan Tao, Nianbing Li, Zongqing Huang, Chushao Xu Aug 1997

Study On Electrochemical Reactions Of K4[Fe(Cn)6]/K3[Fe(Cn)6] With Graze Ellipsometry, Shengtao Zhang, Changyuan Tao, Nianbing Li, Zongqing Huang, Chushao Xu

Journal of Electrochemistry

A measurement technology of ellipsometry called graze was put forward. Electrochemical reactions of K4[Fe(CN)6]/K3[Fe(CN)6] on glass electrode deposited indium oxide were studied with both the graze ellipsometry and cycilic voltammetry. The results indicated that ellipsometric parameter and its change during the electrochemical reactions could be confirmed with graze ellipsometry, and the regularity was corresponding to the process of electrochemical reaction. So study for electrode system could be processed with the graze ellipsometry. The graze ellipsometry could also be applied to analyze properties of diffusion layer and prosthesis limitations of other technologies.

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Behavior Of Copper In Hydrogen Storage Alloy Microencapsulated By Copper, Dawei Zhang, Huatang Yuan, Huabin Yang, Zuoxiang Zhou, Yunshi Zhang Aug 1997

Behavior Of Copper In Hydrogen Storage Alloy Microencapsulated By Copper, Dawei Zhang, Huatang Yuan, Huabin Yang, Zuoxiang Zhou, Yunshi Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Negative electrode made from Cu microencapsulated hydrogen storage alloy was studied by using cyclic voltammetry method. The results showed that copper as a coating material was of a certain stability in 5 mol/L KOH solution within the range of charge and discharge voltage. But when expanding the sweep voltage, the CV curve showed a pair of distinct oxidation reduction current peaks of Cu2O formation at E = -0.3 V and Cu2O reduction at E =-0.6 V. With charging discharging cycles, copper is liable to be oxidized to Cu2O and further oxidized into CuO2 …

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Corrosion Behaviour Of Copper Covered With Ion Selective Phenolic Coatings By Eis, Zhoucheng Wang, Yingzhou Zhang, Shaomin Zhou Aug 1997

Corrosion Behaviour Of Copper Covered With Ion Selective Phenolic Coatings By Eis, Zhoucheng Wang, Yingzhou Zhang, Shaomin Zhou

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) technique was employed to study the corrosion behaviour of copper painted with the anion selective, cation selective and bipolar phenolic coatings in 3% NaCl solution. From the impedance spectrum characteristics, the models of equivalent circuit for these different coating systems were established, and the methods for the analysis of experimental impedance diagrams in terms of coating and interface properties were discussed. The research results show that the composition and structure of ion selective coatings have significant influence on corrosion behaviour of copper. The bipolar coating consisting of an anion selective inner layer and a cation selective outer …

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Electrocatalytic Oxidation Of Methanol On The Stearate Nickel L-B Film, Benzeng Hua, Wenyan Hu, Yanzhen Chen, Yanhong Zhang Aug 1997

Electrocatalytic Oxidation Of Methanol On The Stearate Nickel L-B Film, Benzeng Hua, Wenyan Hu, Yanzhen Chen, Yanhong Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The stearate nickel L-B films is good electroacatlyst for the oxidation of methanol MeOH in alkaline. The electrochemical behaviors of stearate nickel L-B films is affected by the concentration of KOH. The rate of quantity of mickel ion and stearic acid in L-B films is 1∶1, which means that the nickel ion may exist in -COONi(OH) form. The electrocatalytic process is influenced by the concentration of OH-, it involves the penetration of MeOH into the films. The oxidative currents of MeOH are linearly dependent on the bulk concentration.

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Study On Electrochemical Methods Of Controlled Convolution ——A Simple Electron Transfer Reaction Followed By A Homogeneous Catalytic Reaction(Ⅰ), Ming Ma, Naixian Xie, Qianlei Gao, Yue Zeng Aug 1997

Study On Electrochemical Methods Of Controlled Convolution ——A Simple Electron Transfer Reaction Followed By A Homogeneous Catalytic Reaction(Ⅰ), Ming Ma, Naixian Xie, Qianlei Gao, Yue Zeng

Journal of Electrochemistry

A simple electron transfer reaction followed by a homogeneous catalytic reaction is studied in this paper by three kinds of controlled convolution electrochemical experimental methods, which are the constant semi integral (CSI), linear semi integral sweep (LSIS) and linear semi differential sweep (LSDS). According to the three methods, the following equations can be obtained. With these equations, the theoretical curves of the above three methods can be computed. Experiments of the ferrocyanide ascorbic acid catalytic system have confirmed that kinetic rate constant in catalytic reaction is in good agreement with the previously reported values.

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Preparation And Examination Of Planar Type Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Yi Jiang, Jingwang Yan, Shizhong Wang, Chunying Yu, Wenzhao Li Aug 1997

Preparation And Examination Of Planar Type Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Yi Jiang, Jingwang Yan, Shizhong Wang, Chunying Yu, Wenzhao Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

The solid oxide fuel cells of planar type (SOFC) have been developed after successfully preparing La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 cathodes and Ni-YSZ ceramic anodes on YSZ plates and solving the high temperature sealing technical problem. Examination of the single cells fabricated showed that the maximum power output at 950 ℃ for H2 as fuel and air as oxidant reached 0.12 W/cm2. It was found that the large polarization overpotential of the Ni-YSZ anode and the Ohmic losses of the cells were two main factors responsible for the relative low output power density.

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The Electrochemical Behavior And Deposited Mechanism Of Zn-Ni Alloy Codeposition, Jixun Wu, Yongqin Liu, Huimin Meng Aug 1997

The Electrochemical Behavior And Deposited Mechanism Of Zn-Ni Alloy Codeposition, Jixun Wu, Yongqin Liu, Huimin Meng

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrochemical behavior of Zn-Ni alloy codeposition and concomitant hydrogen evolution have been studied in the chloride ammonia solution through the d-c electroplating method. Under the condition of the applied cathodic current density of 2A/dm2 , the AC impedance spectra have been measured. An equivalent circuit has been presented for the impedance study on the alloy codeposition.

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The Electrode Process Of Some Organic Dyes Studied By Spectroelectrochemical Technique In Situ, Yinxuan Tang, Hangsheng Yang, Baoen Shen Aug 1997

The Electrode Process Of Some Organic Dyes Studied By Spectroelectrochemical Technique In Situ, Yinxuan Tang, Hangsheng Yang, Baoen Shen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Spectroelectrochemistry especially with in situ measurement in a cell provides a very useful mthodology for measuring the parameters of electrode process. In this paper, we report the determination of formal potentials, the number of electron transfer, the diffusion coefficient, the heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant and the transfer coefficient of some organic dyes (Methyelene blue, Neutral red, Indigo carmine) using spectroelectro chemical technique in situ.

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