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Transference Numbers Of Concentrated Manganous Chloride Solutions, Marshall L. Severson

Masters Theses

"Electrolytic conduction differs from metallic conduction only in the nature of the carrier of the current. In the case of metallic conduction the carrier is electrons. The passage of an electric current through an electrolyte occurs only by the movement of ions of opposite charge moving in opposite directions under an applied potential. The current carried by a particular ionic species is a direct function of the concentration, the charge on the ion, and the ionic mobility. A transference number is the fraction of the total current a given ion carries in a particular electrolyte undergoing electrolysis. The sum of …

The Synthesis Of 7-Methyl-3,4-Benzpyrene, 6,7-Dimethyl-3,4-Benzpyrene, 10-Methyl-3,4-Benzpyrene And 7,10-Dimethyl-3,4-Benzpyrene, Joseph Leonard Comp Jr.

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Interest in carcinogenic compounds began to develop when a form of cancer was found occurring in chimney sweeps in 1775. Skin cancer was found among workers in tar industries in 1875, and in 1887 workers in cotton spinning industries were known to have cancer which was attributed to contact with lubricating oils. Girls who painted the luminous dials of watches contracted cancer from exposure to the radioactive paint, and men who worked with B-naphthylamine developed bladder cancer. Many other cases of occupational cancer were reported before a systematic study of carcinogenic substances was begun. Early attempts to produce cancer in …

The Instability Constant Of The Cobaltous Citrate Complex Ion Using Cobalt-⁶⁰ As A Tracer, Lee T. Cox

Theses and Dissertations

The instability constant of a substance shows the tendency of a substance to dissociate into simple ions. The stability of the substance can be related to stabilities of other substances through the instability constant. Schubert gives a method for the determination of the instability constant which involves measurements of the adsorption of a radiotracer cation on a cation exchange resin. Two different types of resin were employed in this research. It was found that with a resin containing carboxylic acid exchange groups the adsorption of the cobaltous ion changed rapidly with pH but with a resin containing nuclear sulfonic acid …

The Dipole Moments Of A Series Of N, N-Diphenylbenzamides, James William Cooke

Master's Theses

In recent years amides have been used in synthetic fibers, plastics and in medicinal chemistry. Under­ standably, the literature contains many preparations and reactions of unsubstituted, monosubstituted and disubstituted amides, however, their structure has received very little attention. The information avail­ able on the amide group structure originates from studies made on the unsubstituted and mono substituted compounds. The phenomenon of association of the amides has received considerable attention.

Amperometric Titrations Using A Rotating Platinum-Wire Electrode, James E. Buckley

Bachelors’ Theses

This thesis is an outgrowth of a desire to do precise analytical work with the use of an instrument that would be simple to operate and yet give reproducible results. It is based largely on a method of precipitation titration in those solutions where an internal indicator could not be used feasible because the concentration of the desirable ion was either to low, or the solution too turbid.

My choice of using the platinum microelectrode in these titrations was based on the fact that this electrode could be easily assembled, and take little effort to maintain. It also is advantageous …

A Correlation Of The Catalytic Activity Of Various Mixtures Of Rhenium And Molybdenum Sulfides In Liquid-Phase Hydrogenation Of Certain Reducible Organic Groups, Li-Chen Hsu

Theses and Dissertations

The promoter action of mixtures of catalysts has been reported in literature to be valuable in industries. Whether mixtures of rhenium and molybdenum sulfides would have promoter actions in the hydrogenations of certain reducible organic groups was the main object of this research. Mixtures of rhenium and molybdenum sulfides of various compositions were prepared by three different methods, i.e., (a) by saturating perrhenate and molybdate with hydrogen sulfide in hydrochloric acid solutions, (b) in ammonium hydroxide solutions followed by acidification, and (c) by treating perrhenate and molybdate with thiosulfate in dilute sulfuric acids followed by extraction with toluene to remove …

Tetrazolium Salts, Andrew Garnett Richardson

Master's Theses

Tetrazolium salts, as the name indicates, are quartenary. Substitution is possible on positions 2, 3, and 5 of the ring as is shown in type formula (I). When these substituent groups are bifunctional ditetrazolium salts of types (II), (III), and (IV) result. Compounds bridged at both R' and R'' at the same time are theoretical possible, but no such cases have been reported, probably on account of the practical limitations of synthesis. The anion, which is indicated by X, may be halide, sulfate, acetate, picrate, succinate, thiocyanate, or practically any atom or group capable of existing as a negative ion.

A Study Of Isotopic Exchange Between Potassium Iodide And Benzyl Iodide. Solvent Effects, Joseph A. Leary

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The kinetics of nucleophilic aliphatic substitution reactions has been studied by numerous investigators during the past fifteen years. Included in this type of reaction are well-known general reactions such us (1) the Finkelstein reaction, (2) the Menschutkin reaction, (3) the alcoholysis of alkyl halides, and (4) various isotopic exchange reactions.

Calorimetric Heats Of Mixing Of Some Nonelectrolytic Binary And Ternary Solutions, James Bevan Ott

Theses and Dissertations

The heat of mixing of nonelectrolytic liquids is important in predicting the type of molecular interactions which exist in solutions of nonelectrolyted. The problem was to construct a calorimeter in which these heats of mixing could be measured accurately. Once constructed, the calorimeter was used to measure the heats of mixing of some binary and a ternary solutions. The systems chosen for study were the three liquid pairs formed between benzane, carbon tetrachloride, and cyclohexane, and the ternary mixture of the three. The results of the experimentation are summarized by the following equations. (1) H_12^M = X_1x_2 [103.2 + 13.1(x_1 …

Use Of Radioisotopes In The Study Of Surface Phenomena In Detergency Operations. Iii. Study Of Surface Memory For Spot Formation, W. W. Benton, A. T. Martin, C. H. Shiflett, J. L. Wilson

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

The Development Of A General Education College Chemistry Course, Luther Arnold

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Volume 2, Number 1 - May 1956

The Entropy

The Entropy (also published as the Providence College Journal of Physics and Chemistry) was an undergraduate scholarship journal published by the Phi Chi Club of Providence College. (Volume 2, Number 1 - May 1956 - 16 pages in total.)

Vinyl Polymers Containing Acidic Ingredients, Courtland L. Agre

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

The Thermodynamics And Some Practical Aspects Of Zinc Adsorption On Calcite, Dolomite, And Calcian-Magnesite Minerals, Jerome J. Jurinak

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Zinc is one of the essential elements required for the normal growth of plants. The total amount of zinc commonly occurring in soils is usually many times greater than that necessary to supply the needs of actively growing plants. The ability of the soil to "fix" zinc in form unavailable for plant use, however, has made the zinc deficiency disease an important plant nutrition problem in the major fruit and nut growing regions of the West. Fixation mechanisms which have been postulated as contributing to zinc deficiency include organic complexes, precipitation of insoluble inorganic salts, and strong zinc-clay intersections. It …

Coprecipitation Of The Transuranium Elements With The Rare Earths Coprecipitation Of Americium With Lanthanum Oxalate, John A. Hermann

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Coprecipitation is a process whereby a substance soluble by itself is "carried" with an insoluble crystalline precipitate. As used here, coprecipitation applies to the "carrying" of a tracer by a precipitate formed in the presence of the tracer. The phenomenon is important in analytical chemistry¹, in the problem of impurities in precipitates; in radiochemistry^2,3, in the separation of radioactive tracers originally present in very low concentrations; and in general, whenever a solid is separated from its mother liquid by precipitation.

Waxes From Peat Soils Of San Joaquin Delta, Masao Ueda

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Wax has been extracted from pest formations in Europe and especially in Britain. However, little or no work have been done in the United States.

The increased demand for waxes and the limited supply of domestic origin has made the study of the sources and characteristics of domestic waxes desirable. Extensive work have been done with montan wax, which is similar to peat wax, in the United States.

The object of this research is to establish a suitable process for extraction of wax from pest material, and to determine the chemical and physical nature of the wax. The process may …

The Effects Of Structural Changes On The Formation Of Urea Adducts Of Esters, Gerard Vinton Smith

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

An unexpected discovery in 1940 revealed that urea has the peculiar property to form crystalline adducts with many straight chain organic compounds. Since the discovery, considerable time and money have been spent on the elucidation of this phenomenon, and the field of urea adducts has now advanced to the stage at which many empirical rules have been observed but, unfortunately, no sound theory has been formulated.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect, if any, of changes in structure upon the amount of urea required to adduct with esters. The change in structure consisted of changing the …

Chelation Of The Transition Metal Ions With A Series Of Polyhodrozyamine Compounds, William Percy Moore

Master's Theses

Chelation was reviewed with emphasis on the work done by contemporary workers.

The following polyhydroxyamine compounds were synthesized, purified and· analyzed:

1,2-bis[tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]ethane dihydrochloride

1,3-b1s[tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]propane dihydrochloride

1,3-b1s[tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]-2-propanone dihydrochloride

1,2,3-tris[tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino)propane tri­ hydrochloride

The latter two compounds have not been reported in the literature.

Chelates were prepared by reacting the above compounds, and 1-3bis[tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]-2-propanol dihydrochloride ("disec") and the "disec" free base, with the ions of the first transition metals. Stability cons­tants were obtained where appreciable coordination occurred before precipitation of the metallic ion took place . A list of the metal ions studied with one or more chelating agents follows: Cu⁺², …

New Methods For The Study Of Fast Electrode Reactions., Talivaldis Berzins

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Ph On Phase Reversals Of Protein-Stabilized Emulsions, Samuel Arthur Bradford

Masters Theses

"The phase reversal of an emulsion from a system in which oil droplets are dispersed in a water medium to a system in which water droplets are dispersed in oil is dependent upon the interfacial characteristics of the liquids and the emulsifying agent being used, as well as the volume ratio of the two liquid phases. A preliminary investigation at this institution has indicated a possible relationship between phase reversal and the isoelectric point of gelatin used as the emulsifying agent. Since the properties of proteins vary so greatly with the hydrogen ion concentration, particularly near their isoelectric points, research …

Tannin Content Of English Walnuts : Thesis ..., Joseph G. Natoli

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Present methods for the production of leather from animal hides still depend from the most part on the use of natural tannin extracts. During the year, 1952, the amount of natural tannin extracts used by the leather industry was 560,452,119 pounds as compared to 35,793,000 pounds of synthetic tanning materials. It is not as yet possible to produce synthetic materials as economically as the natural extracts; the result being that there is still a very great demand for natural tannin extracts. The need for finding new domestic sources of tannins is apparent when the amounts of domestic and imported extracts …

The Effect Of Metallic Naphthenates On The Oxidation Of Linoleic Acid, David Elliott Troutner

Masters Theses

"It has been known for many years that certain metallic soaps catalyse the drying of oils. A great deal of information is available concerning the use of these soaps, but there is little knowledge of the actual manner in which the soaps catalyse drying. As the drying is known to be an autoxidation reaction, it is generally believed that the soaps must affect the oxidation of the oil in some way. The work described in this thesis was undertaken to gain some knowledge of the mechanism of the catalysis, and to correlate the effect of the soaps on the drying …

The Synthesis Of 1-Methyl-3,4-Benzpyrene, 8-Methyl-3,4-Benzpyrene And 1,8-Dimethyl-3,4-Benzpyrene, William Carter Doyle

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The search for the carcinogenic factor present in crude oil tar fractions was begun around 1915. With the observation that the high-boiling, most carcinogenic fractions exhibited fluorescence spectra similar to those of many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, several synthetic hydrocarbons were tested (1) on mice by skin painting techniques. Tumors were produced by 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene (I), 3'-methyl-1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene (II) and 6-isopropyl-1,2-benzanthracene (III). One of the most widely used synthetic hydrocarbon carcinogens at the present is 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene.

Some Aspects Of The Chemistry Of The Hydroquinoxalines Unsubstituted On The Nitrogen Atoms, Evan L. Allred

Theses and Dissertations

A search of the literature revealed that almost nothing is known concerning the class of compounds known as decahydroquinoxalines. Since this posed a problem involving a search for a systematic synthetic method of general application as well as a method for establishing the characteristic class and individual properties, a research project under the guidance of Dr. H. Smith Broadbent was initiated. Of particular interest aside from matters of purely chemical interest was the recognition that the hydroquinoxalines possess obvious structural similarities with atropine and other well-known drugs which have valuable application as hypotensive agents, analgesics, spasmolytic agents, parasympathetic depressants, antihistaminics, …

Acidic Properties Of Clay Minerals And Alumina, Kenneth H. Anderson

Theses and Dissertations

Acidic properties of dialyzed alumina and representative clay minerals were studied by performing titrations with various bases. For the first group of experiments the titrations were made in a water system using KOH and NaOH. For this study in a water system the experimental data includes individual cationic activities as well as pH values. Adsorption of the cations was adequately described over a pH range of 5-11 by the equation 1-θ/θ ⋅ aNa+ ⋅ aOH- = 1/K'3 [aOH- + KW/K'2 + 1/K'1], in which θ represents the fraction of the total sites that have reacted. Thermodynamic constants K'3 and K0= …

The Effect Of Ferrous And Ferric Ions On The Conversion Of Malate To Pyruvate By A Cell Free Extract Of Pigeon Liver, Keith Erwin Richardson

Theses and Dissertations

Recent investigations on the crude pigeon liver extracts have shown the presence of an enzyme which catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate and carbon dioxide. The name malic enzyme has been given to this enzyme to distinguish it from malic dehydrogenase. Under aerobic conditions the addition of ferrous sulfate resulted in inhibition of the action of malic enzyme. Subsequent investigation showed that the inhibition obaerved was not due to ferrous ions, but due to ferric ions which were contaminating the ferrous sulfate. It was also shown that under aerobic conditions ferrous ions were rapidly oxidized to ferric ions. …

A Study Of The Chelation Of 1,3-Bis (Tris (Hydroxymethyl) Methylamino) 2-Propanol With Iron (Iii), Jane Bell Grinnan Gladding

Master's Theses

The element Iron is so important that a major era of history bore its name. Its magnetic and metallic properties have long been studied and used. It is also well known that iron. is the cental element in the oxygen-carrying compound hemo­ globin and therefore essential to life. Its biological importance is also evidenced by its presence in the cytochrome oxidases . These important biochemical compounds are iron chelates

Fundamental research with iron chelates may therefore shed light on the operations of certain enzyme systems, drugs and poisons. Analytical chemistry and the dye industry have used chelate compounds for many …

A Study Of The Chelation Of 1,3-Bis-(Tris-(Hydroxymethyl)-Methylamino)-2-Propanol Dihydrochloride With Copper (Ii), Nickel (Ii), Cobalt (Ii), Velta Erdmanis

Master's Theses

In this study 1,3-bis-(tris-(hydroxymethyl)-methyl­ amino)-2-prapanol dihydrochloride chelates with calcium, manganous, cobaltous, nickelous, cupric and zinc ions were investigated.

Potentiometric titrations were performed to obtain information about the stability of the chelates formed. Calcium and manganous ions showed little chelating ability. Cobaltous, nickelous, cupric and zinc ions formed stable chelates when the ratio of the chelating agent Concentration to the metal ion concentration was 1:1 or larger.

Job 's method of continuous variations was used for determining the composition of the cupric, nickelous and cobaltous chelates and it was found that these metal ions form a 1:1 chelate with l,3-bis-(tris-(hydroxymethyl)­ methyl …

Colorimetric Determination Of Rhenium In Ores, Clair Winston Rogers

Theses and Dissertations

The problem of colorimetrically determining rhenium in the presence of molybdenum, copper, iron, sulphur, and rare earth elements with the use of dimethylglyoxime as the complexing compound was accomplished by the method reported here-in. The interfering elements were eliminated either as gaseous oxides and sulfides or were precipitated from a highly basic solution by means of a strong alkaline fusion of equal weights of sodium hydroxide and sodium peroxide, and the ore sample containing rhenium. The fusion product was dissolved in water, the solution boiled with a slight excess of sodium peroxide, and the hydroxide of all the interfering ions …

Rapid Method For The Paper Chromatographic Separation Of Amino Acids In Urine, John J. Magruder

Bachelors’ Theses

In the study of rapid analytical procedures, the author became interested in the field of chromatography. The difficulty of making rapid determinations of minute quantities of the amino acids led to this investigation of paper chromatography. The source of amino acids used in this work are the free amino acids contained in human urine. The rapidity of determining the amino acids was the critical interest in this work. Two-dimensional and circular chromatograms were both investigated to determine which method was the better suited to accomplish the rapid separation of the amino acids.