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The Rate Of Saponification Of Ethyl Esters Of Aliphatic Acids, Richard H. Sanborn

Bachelors’ Theses

An ester may be defined as the reaction product of an acid and an alcohol. Eaters are formed by both mineral and organic acids. The esters of the mineral acids differ widely in their physical and chemical properties because in general there is little similarity between the mineral acids. A different situation exists with the organic acid esters. These organic acids exist in groups, called homologous series, the difference between the individual acids being only the number of carbon atoms in the acid and the configuration of the carbon chain. The properties of these acids change slowly as the series …

Soft X-Rays, William F. Roherty

Bachelors’ Theses

Traditionally, radiation of those wavelengths produced by a potential of from 2 to 25kv. has been classified as "Grenz" or "soft" x-rays. The peculiar property of this radiation is its low penetrating power. While being transparent to more energetic radiation, animal tissue and similar materials are sufficiently opaque to Grenz rays as to be studied in detail. Since the radiation is of the continuous type, it can be made soft enough to reveal any object, providing, of course, that the tube window and object medium be not opaque. Soft x-rays are produced in exactly the same manner as others, except …

Certain Coordination Compound Of The Element Thallium, David Albert Hill Roethel

Bachelors’ Theses

While pursuing courses at Marquette University, my curiosity was constantly piqued by that group of elements classified as the rarer elements. Because of its somewhat unusual properties, thallium in particular aroused my interest and I decided that I should like to investigate the element further to my own satisfaction. While thallium in all its ramifications has been studied at one time or another, comparatively little work has been done upon the coordination compounds that the element forms. In 1909 a German chemist, Gewecke, did a limited amount of work with these coordination compounds but since then very little has been …

Statistical Evaluations Of Copper Determination, Waldemar A. Rosenthal

Bachelors’ Theses

In the field of applied Analytical Chemistry, where the amount of material is continually being determined, it is valuable to know whether or not the particular method in use is both accurate and precise. Basic course work in college provided the author an appreciation of numerical facts, but there always remained unanswered questions as to how these numerical facts could be employed to best represent the correct results. The difficulties were resolved by this thesis which will show how the evaluation of numerical data was considered with reference to the method used in determining the amount of copper present in …

Statistical Evaluation Of Laboratory Data Obtained From Two Methods Of Volumetric Analysis Of Titanium Compounds, Louis S. Winter

Bachelors’ Theses

Titanium at last has entered the sphere of scientific practicality and general usefulness. It has overcome its position as an orphan of chemical interest and has been showered with the foistings of many industries. With this in mind, it is soon evident that a rapid and feasible system of analysis must be set up. Titanium presents a number of problems in the field of analytics, which are seldom, if ever, encountered when dealing with the commoner elements as iron, copper and tin. The purpose here is to study two methods of determination from the many which chemists have suggested and …

Synthesis Of Tetrafluoborobenzoquinone, Clyde W. Hussmann

Bachelors’ Theses

This the sis is directed toward.a introducing the reader to the most recent advances in fluorine chemistry by briefly outlining the techniques and procedures thus far used in the synthesizing fluoroorganic compounds, and also the technical and physical limitations in using various types of fluorinating agents.

The reader will be introduced to a new form of synthesis whereby fluorine can be added to the aromatic nucleus of organic compounds that are of the hydroquinone and benzoquinone structure. The fluorine of such an addition will be part of the fluoborate radical. It is hoped that such an approach as the benzoquinone-fluoboric …

A Study Of The Use Of The Dicyanatodipyridine (Ii) Complex For The Determination Of Cyanate, Jean Mcclelland

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Treadwell states in his text, Analytical Chemistry, Volume II, that "the only method for examining cyanates consists in determining the amount of carbon and nitrogen present by combustion." A review of the available literature shows that, although this is not literally true, a procedure for this quantitative determination of small amounts of cyanates in the presence of interfering substances is lacking.

A survey of the literature yielded few references for instrumental methods for the quantitative determination of cyanates. Ripan-Tilici published a method for the determination of cyanates poteniometrically, but attempts to duplicate her work have failed. Madame Tilici, in …

The Syntheses And Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra Of 2-Imidazolines, 2-Imidazolidones And Imidazolidines, Robert J. Ferm

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The first method used to prepare 2-imidazolines was through the reaction of aromatic aldehydes with ammonia. Amarin, which is known as 2,4,5-triphenyl-2-imidazoline, was the first compound reported to be prepared in this manner. This type of reaction has since been widely studied 2,3,4,5,6 in connection with the preparation of 2,4,5-triarylimidazolines. Furfural and ammonia have also been reported to react in a similar manner. Amarin has also been obtained from the reaction of a mixture of benzil, ammonia, and benzaldehyde.

Investigation Of The Iodination Of Some Of The Ortho Substituted Phenols, Horace S. Higgens

Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice

In this investigation the ortho substituted phenols used were o-cresol, o-chlorophenol, o-hydroxybenzaldehyde, salicylic acid, methyl salicylate, ethyl salicylate, 8-hydroxyquinoline, o-cyclohexyl phenol, o-octyl phenol, and o-nitrophenol. One member of the group, o-benzylphenol, was not obtainable at the time of the investigation. The bactericidal, germicidal and fungicidal activities of the iodinated ortho substituted phenols were not determined in this investigation due to lack of time. In addition, the investigator has not had experience in bacteriology or mycology and feels that such an investigation should be carried out by someone with experience in that field.

The Preparation And Properties Of Aromatic Ditellurides, Roger Sanftner

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

It has been shown that tellurium tetrachloride combines additively with aliphatic others yielding hygroscopic compounds of the type R2O•TeCl4, but with mixed ethers, containing both alkyl and aryl radicals, substitution takes place with the elimination of hydrogen chloride.

The Chelation Of Praseodymium As A Function Of Ph Using Thenolytrifluoroacetone, Thomas K. Keenan

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The rare earth elements, including elements 57 through 71, provide many diverse series of studies through their chemical reactions. In as much as these elements are all in Group III of the periodic table, they are markedly similar in their properties. The separation, insulation and purification of the various rare earths from one another has long been a problem of great interest to the chemist. All of these elements show a principle valence of plus three. Cerium has a well-defined plus four state, stable in aqueous solution and europium forms a stable, insoluable divalent sulfate. Those two exceptions, however, are …

A Study Of The Intermediary Products Formed During The Life Of A Copper Cyanide Plating Bath, Matthew E. Carlisle

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Four aims of a study of cyanide baths were:

1. To study the intermediate products formed during the operation of plating and stripping baths under various conditions.

2. To identify these intermediate products or complexes and to determine whether or not they caused the failure of the bath.

3. To consider the conditions that caused a bath to fail, and to be able thereby to increase the life of the bath.

4. To develop a fast, accurate method for controlling the baths, preferably by means of the cyanide content.

Preparation And Interesterification Of Triacetin, Billy D. Fairman

Bachelors’ Theses

This project was undertaken because of my interest in organic chemistry, especially in the field of esters. This interest was stimulated through the characterizing of an unknown ester and its reactions as studied in a previous class. At this particular time, my interest has been centered on the interchange of radicals between esters and other compounds.

It is hoped that the results obtained in this thesis will help others in their study of the interesterification of esters, especially of glyceryl triacetate - in this case, with a view toward its application the drying oil industry as a means of preparing …

X-Ray Diffraction Analysis Of Powdered Samples, William T. Gahan

Bachelors’ Theses

In the Physics laboratories of Marquette University there are two North American Phillips X-Ray Powder Diffraction Cameras. The purpose of this thesis is to place these cameras into operating order, and to check the results obtained from them. Special Telechron motors were fastened to the frame of the cameras to rotate the samples one revolution per minute, adaptable ways were machined to rest the cameras on.

The Possibility Of Mercuric Sulfide Having A Yellow Color, John Joseph Savignac

Bachelors’ Theses

The author chose this particular problem because it is directly connected with a subject which he had previously studied and found very interesting. It was also of interest to this author because the answer to the immediate problem must be definite and without qualification, thus leaving no room for ambiguity.

Electrometric Microdetermination Of Water In Tungsten And Molybdenum Metal Powders By The Karl Fischer Reagent, Helen C. Efinger

Bachelors’ Theses

The problem of the determination of the moisture content or metal powders has been suggested by the Fansteel Metallur­gical Corporation, where I was formerly employed, as one which might prove of interest to them. I have been particularly interested in a topic of this nature since my only laboratory experience has been in metallurgical chemistry.

In this work I intend to make a comparison and evaluation of various methods of determining the moisture content of tungsten and molybdenum powders in order to show which would be the most applicable. Most of the common methods for determining the amount of moisture …

The Construction And Testing Of An Ionization Chamber Designed For Use In Measuring The Roentgen Intensity Of An X-Ray Source, William F. Lindsay

Bachelors’ Theses

It was the author’s assignment for an undergraduate thesis, to construct an ionization chamber, which, when connected to a Dershem electrometer, could be used to determine the intensity of an X-ray source producing ionization within the chamber. It was desired that the chamber conform to the physical dimensions of the ionization intensity unit, commonly called the “Roentgen".

Solidified Alcohols, Mary Kay Enright

Bachelors’ Theses

The relatively new field of science, colloid chemistry, has risen to become an important addition to man's knowledge of the behavior of matter in the natural world and in the laboratory. Although it can no longer be viewed as a new science, it is still new enough to contain unexplored fields and to intrigue the investigator.

The study of gel formation has been received with interest by chemists of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This phenomenon of sudden gel formation instead of the expected crystalline precipitate while extracting with alcohol was encountered often in experimental work.

The inquisitive mind would …

An Investigation Of Haury And Ballard's Method Of Production Of Diketones As Applied To Diketones With Aromatic Nuclei, Eugene Chester Dziadulewicz

Bachelors’ Theses

This investigation was undertaken to determine the feasibility of preparing aromatic diketones by the new and novel method proposed by Haury and Ballard.

The Use Of Ethyl 4,4-Dimethyl-1-Isopropyl-2-Imidazolinyl-2-Acetate In The Synthesis Of Some 2-Imidazolines, Jacob Shapira

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The first recorded synthesis of a 2-imidazoline was reported in 1882 by Radziszewski who obtained what he thought to be 2,4,5-triphenyl-3-imidazoline by warming an alcoholic solution of benzoin, ammonia and benzaldehyde. ‘Amarine’, the common name for this compound, has been shown to be 2,4,5-triphenyl-2-imidazoline.

An Electrochemical Determination Of The Free Energy Of Formation And Solubility Product Constant Of Silver And Mercury Sulfides, Earl Lloyd Gray

Theses and Dissertations

Because present data on free energy of formation and solubility product constants of the metal sulfides are both inconsistent and based on very old experimental data, a new study using modern techniques is amply justified. Because metal sulfide precipitates are often colloidal and becasue the solubility of these sulfides is so low, ordinary physical and analytical methods are not applicable to a direct determination fo the solubility product constant. Therefore, a more reliable thermodynamic approach was undertaken in this study. The standard free energy of formation of silver and mercury sulfide was determined from electromotive force measurements of suitable galvanic …

An Experimental Investigation Of The Alac Processes For The Volumetric Determination Of Phosphates, Gilbert O. Isaacson

Bachelors’ Theses

At present, the best method for the quantitative determination of phosphates is the long gravimetric procedure known as the phospho-molybdate method. Theoretically, a volumetric method using alkalimetry and acidimetry techniques should be applicable. The work reported in the following pages represents an attempt to apply this theory, and thereby greatly facilitate quantitative analysis f or this class of compounds.

Physical Properties Of The Ternary System: Ethylene Glycol - Disthylene Glycol - Water, Robert Marvin Tombaugh

Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice

Since approximately two-thirds (12) of the energy from the fuel in automobile engines is converted to unusable heat, it is necessary that a method of cooling the engines be provided. In most present-day engines of this type, an indirect method is utilized, namely, the transfer of heat to a liquid and thence from the liquid to the surrounding air by means of radiators Water is universally used for the coolant liquid because of its availability and high heat transfer properties. However, water has its limitations. A significant limitation of water as a coolant is its corrosive action causing rust clogging …

Proper Mixtures Of Ellis County Soils For Adobe Construction, And Their Physical Properties, Buster Wayne Read, W. G. Read, H. A. Zinszer

Fort Hays Studies Series

This paper deals with the adobe strategy of construction which is mixing and puddling the materials to be applied to a sun-dried brick or to a structure of that material. The work was divided into three main parts: (1) Survey of Ellis County Soils; (2) Selection of soil material with respect to shrinkage; and (3) Treatment of soils with respect to waterproofing.

Ammonium And Alkylammonium Salts Of Carboxylic Acids As Characterizing Derivatives, Hal Gilbert Lankford

Masters Theses

"One of the methods widely used to establish the identity and purity of an organic compound is to prepare various derivatives, the properties of which have been reported in the literature. The object of this investigation was to prepare ammonium and alkylammonium salts of carboxylic acid and determine their utility as characterization derivatives. Should these salts meet the requirements of a satisfactory derivative, they would be particularly valuable from a standpoint time, since they are generally very quickly formed"--Introduction, page 1.

The Preparation Of Ammonium Tetrachloro Diiodo Stannate, Stanley M. Polewski

Bachelors’ Theses

The commercial application of mixed halogen compounds in comparison to that of mono-halogen compounds is very limited. It is probably for this reason that the amount of work done in the attempt to prepare mixed halogen compounds has been very small. The author has tried, in a small way, to help fill this large gap by attempting to prepare the compound, ammonium tetrachloro diiodo stannate.

A Study Of Alcoholysis Using Methyl Esters And Tall Oil, Raymond Martin Frey

Bachelors’ Theses

One of the Easiest ways of preparing new esters is by heating an ester with another alcohol which frequently permits transfer of the acid radical from the original ester to the added alcohol, thous forming a new ester and liberating the other alcohol. Preparation of triglycerides of unsaturated fatty acids of 18 carbon atoms is hampered by the fact that prolonged heating in the usual ester formation methods causes both polymerization and condensation among acid radicals unless oxygen is carefully excluded from the reaction atmosphere. Consequently a method of acid interchange might afford the triglycerides at a faster rate and …

Certain Coloring Matters Derived From Vanallin And Methyl Salicylate, Thompson James Coe

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this investigation was to prepare a number of coloring matters by condensing vanillin with para-methoxyacetophenone, meta-nitroacetophenone, and para-bromoacetophenone, and to prepare another group by condensing methyl salicylate with acetophenone, para-methoxyacetophenone, meta-nitroacetophenone, and ortho-hydroxyacetophenone. Ethyl salicylate and para-methoxyacetophenone were condensed as a check.

Preliminary Report Of Occurrence And Properties Of Nepheline Syenite In Pulaski County, Arkansas, Harold B. Foxhall, William E. Crockett

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Further Studies Of The Reactions Of Quinoxaline, 2-Methyl-, And 2,3-Dimethylquinoxaline, Chester E. Hamilton

Theses and Dissertations

A long term research program into the chemistry of quinoxalines has been instituted at Brigham Young University. The literature of quinoxaline chemistry was reviewed and assembled in one paper. Methods of preparation of 2,3-dimethyl- and 2- methylquinoxaline were studied and improved. The bromination of 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline using N-bromosuccinimide was accomplished and an anil addition using quinoxaline and phenyllithium was achieved. Efforts to prepare vinylquinoxalines were unsuccessful. In order to pursue an investigation into the numerous reactions of the 1,4 addition type, a method of preparations of vinyl-quinoxalines must be achieved. In the present investigation, various methods of synthesis of vinyl- and …