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Polarography As A Measure Of Ionic Environment, James Wilburne Larsen

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The present work is a polarographic study of the alkali metals and selected first row transition metals in DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) with tetraethylammonium perchlorate as a supporting electrolyte. DMSO was chosen as a solvent because of its interesting solvent and complexing properties. Tetraethylammonium perchlorate was chosen as a supporting electrolyte because of its lack of complex forming tendencies and because of the wide range of voltages available for polarographic investigation before the supporting electrolyte ions react electrochemically.

One of the problems, particularly in nonaqueous polarography, is the low conductivity of the solutions leading to high cell resistance. As current flows through …

Anomers Of D-Galactosamine Benzoates, Robert Stanley Strong

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

D-Galactosamine has been known as one of the rarer amino sugars, occurring widely distributed in small concentrations in living organisms. The biological importance of D-galactosamine and its derivatives was thought to justify a study of the chemical properties of this group of compounds. As a result of this study the reactions of D-galactosamine have been found to differ more than previously thought from those of D-glucosamine, the more common amino sugar

For this investigation D-galactosamine hydrochloride was isolated from chondroitin sulfate, a polysaccharide obtained from the cartilaginous tissues of animals. This was changed by appropriate reactions to the 1,3,4,6-tetra-0-benzoyl-N-carbobenzoxy-α-β-D-galactosamine (III). …

Thin Layer Chromatography Of The Platinum Metal Ions, Anthony Paul Trujillo

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Recent work in this laboratory has centered about the platinum metals and their complexes. The current activity in thin layer chromatography, and especially the work of Seiler in using the technique for inorganic applications, led to speculation regarding the separation and identification of the platinum metal ions by thin layer chromatography. Specifically, then, the purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to find a suitable adsorbent and solvent system to separate some or all of the platinum metal ions; (2) to find appropriate locating agents, so that once the separation had been accomplished, the ions could be identified.

Studies On The Rates Of Mutarotation Of The Benzyl-N-Carbobenzoxy-D-Glucosaminides, Kamthorn Sukumarabandhu

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The independent interconversion of alpha-N-carbobenzoxy-D-glucosaminide to the beta- form, and vice versa, suggests that the proper treatment of the rate data must involve a system of opposing reactions. It is evident from the data cited in the preceding chapter that such opposing rates must necessarily involve the HCl which is included in the reaction mixture. Thus, as the first approach to the analyzed data, it is reasonable to suppose that the rate law for opposing second-order rates will apply. However, it is also apparent from the data that the concentration of HCl used in all this work exceeds the glycoside …

Polarography Of Mercury In Aliphatic Diamines, John Charles Richardson

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The problem taken for investigation was discovered when a cryostat needed for use in polarography in liquid ammonia (the original problem) was found broken. For experience it was decided to turn to another form of nonaqueous polarography while the parts were on order. Materials remaining from a previous diamine investigation by Foss (21) were found in the laboratory. After reading the dissertation in which they had been used, it was decided to reproduce some of the results that had been previously obtained. Following preparation of the chemicals and several polarographic runs, a previously unreported wave was persistently observed. Further perusal …

Spectrophotometric Study Of The Copper (Ii) Complexes Of Alpha-Omega Diamino Adipic Acid And Alpha-Omega Diamino Pimelic Acid, Julius Caesar Hastings

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The chenistry of diamino dicarboxylic acids together with that of monoamino dicarboxylie and monocarboxylic acids in of great importance to the chemist because of the rolation- ship of these compounds to the biochemistry of cancer.

Diamino dicarboxylic acids in general, contain two asymmetric carbon atoms and may exist in one optically inactive and two optically active forma. Alpha-omoga diamino pinolic acid is the only member of the alpha-omoga diamino dicarboxylic acids thus far known to occur naturally.

Derivatives Of Benzyl N-Benzoyl-A-D-Glucosaminide, Kenji Miyai

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Within the past few decades, interest in the field of aminosugar chemistry has been stimulated to a remarkable degree and the discovery and syntheses of a wide range of new aminosugars of differing types, for example of two monoamino-tetroses (12,19), nineteen monoamino-pentoses, two diamino-pentoses, thirty-three monoamino-hexoses, and eighteen diamino-hexoses (20) have been accomplished. It is well undterstood that the aminosugars, significant constituents in mnay biologically important materials (11), consist of substances that may be regarded a teh condesation products of an amine and a carbohydrate. Falling into this category are the 2-amino-hexoses which may be derived conceptually as the condensation …

Thermal Hydrolysis And Structure Studies On Cobalt (Ii) Acetate, Russell J. Hesch

Masters Theses

"The object of this study was to investigate the structure of cobalt (II) acetate, isolated from glacial acetic acid, without recourse to standard x-ray methods"--Introduction, page 1.

Coprecipitation Of Metal Salts With Organic Coprecipitants, Omar E. El-Arini

Masters Theses

"Coprecipitation studies were carried out for the more insoluble salts of six common metals and five anion systems. Three metal sulfides, namely, CuS, CdS and NiS, were the only metal salts studied that indicated nearly complete coprecipitation with phenolphthalein as carrier precipitate. The same salts showed almost no coprecipitation with B-naphthol as carrier precipitate. Solvent extraction of CuS with chloroform showed no significant amount of extraction had taken place. The data obtained in this work did not disclose any relationship between the extent of coprecipitation and the solubility product constant of the salt present. The main difficulty encountered at this …

An X-Ray Study Of The Lead Zirconate-Bismuth Ferrate System, Pen-Chu Chou

Masters Theses

"The lead zirconate-bismuth ferrate system was studied employing x-ray and microscopic analysis. Samples were prepared by sintering stoichiometric mixtures of the corresponding oxides followed by air quenching. The results of the analyses show the system to be probably solid solutions over the entire compositional range, although small amounts of other phases are present in some regions.

X-ray data indicate a multiple cell, orthorhombic phase, to exist over the range 100-30 mole percent PbZrO₃ . From 100-82 mole percent PbZrO₃ , the addition of BiFeO₃ reduces the distortion of the phase such that a nearly cubic x-ray pattern is obtained at …

Intramolecular Spin-Orbit Coupling In Naphthalene Analogs, Francis Elliott Shoup Iii

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The objective of this study was to gain additional insight into the phenomenon of spin-orbit coupling in molecules by examining the intramolecular mechanisms responsible for the phosphorescence of certain types of molecules. Spectrocopic investigations of a series of aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic heterocyclics, and some of their halogen derivatives are reported. Experimental measurements included absorption spectra, total emission spectra, polarized emission spectra, obtained by the method of photoselection, and radiative lifetimes. It was found that chlorine substitution in naphthalene, quinoline, and quinoxaline has the effect of enhancing the transition probability for radiative transitions from the B_lu component of the ^{3 …}

Crystal Field Splitting In Rare Earth Chelates, Walter George Perkins

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Investigations of ligand field effects in the spectra of trisdibenzoyl­methide, trisbenzoylacetonate, and trisacetylacctonatc chelates of trivalent ytterbium and thulium are reported. Chelate absorption and luminescence spectra corresponding to intra-4f electronic transitions exhibit line split­tings similar in magnitude to the crystal field splitting observed in the spectra of inorganic complexes of the rare earth ions.

Absorption spectra of carbon tetrachloride solutions of all the che­lates studied were measured in the visible and near infrared regions. Each ytterbium chelate exhibits an absorption band at 9800A, consisting of three well-resolved peaks. Thulium intra-4f absorption bands appear at 4700A, 6800A, 8000A, 12000A, and 17000A. …

The Radiochemical Purification Of Europium And A Study Of The Nuclear Properties Of Eu157, Eu158 And Eu159, William Richard Daniels

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Chemical procedures have been developed for the rapid preparation of radiochemically pure europium sources from rare earth mixtures and from fission products. Unpurified mixtures of the mono- and dirp(l,1,3,3- tetramethylbutyl)phenyl 1 esters of orthophosphoric acid are used to ex­tract rare ei1arths in the (III) oxidation state away from europium in the (II) oxidation state. Europium sources can be prepared in about 30 min-11tes.

A slow􀀼r chemical procedure for the preparation of europium sources which are both radiochemically pure and mass free has also been developed. Di(2-ethylhEtxyl) orthophosphoric acid is used to separate europium from yttrium, which has a high fission …

Metabolism Of Thiamine And The Effect Of Some Antagonists, Russel M. Bender

Theses and Dissertations

To investigate the possibility that thiamine has more than one vital role in the mammalian system, it was decided to use the antagonists pyrithiamine and oxythiamine, and to utilize carbon-14 labeled compounds to more effectively study the vitamin and the above-named antagonists. To make it more effective, we felt that perhaps differences between the localization of oxythiamine and pyrithiamine could be detected in the brain. We also considered and tested the possibility that either or both of the antagonists would alter the localization of thiamine. Essentially, two procedures were used in this study. One was a counting method and the …

Evaluation Of Methods Used In The Determination Of Stability Constants Of The Thallium (Iii)-Chloride System At Twenty-Five Degrees, Nelson Kent Dalley

Theses and Dissertations

The difficulties encountered in the determination of equilibrium constants in systems with small, not directly rneasureable free ligand concentrations are discussed. These difficulties are illustrated using the determination of the formation constants of the Tl(III)-Cl- system as a specific example. Four methods are used and evaluated in this study. They are (1) the corresponding solutions method, (2) the method of Fronaeus, (3) the solubility of AgCl in Tl(III) solution method and (4) the method of Hugus. A discussion and derivation of each of these methods is given. The first three methods given and free ligand concentration data from which formation …

Potential Pharmaceutical Derivatives Of Β-Aminoethylpiperazine, Brian A. Dementi

Master's Theses

This thesis is concerned with the design and preparation of certain organic compounds which are expected to have medicinal properties. A discussion will be given which has essentially a two-fold purpose. The first is to discuss somewhat briefly the currently accepted method of rug design, and the second to show to what extent this method has been followed in the design of the compounds prepared.

A Study Of The Infrared Spectra Of A Group Of Hydroxyalkylamine Hydrochlorides, Lawrence Ingram Briel

Master's Theses

The infrared spectra ot twenty amine bydroohlorides were obtained with the Perkin-Elmer Model 21 recording spectrophotometer. The positions of the absorption bands were compared with literature values for pertinent structural group frequencies. A system of coding the spectral data was devised so that an IBM 1620 digital computer could make the comparisons for a large number of' group frequencies. Good agreement was observed between the positions of the absorption bands in the experimental spectra and those of pertinent group frequencies reported in the literature.

Of the ten symmetrical diamines which were studied, six contained the primary hydroxyl group. Two …

Ground-Water Appraisal Of The Meadow Valley Area, Lincoln And Clark Counties, Nevada, F. Eugene Rush

Publications (WR)

This report, the 27th in the series of reconnaissance ground-water studies which were initiated following authorization by the I960 Legislature, gives the results of a study of the Meadow Valley area. This area includes eight valleys in southeastern Nevada - - Patterson, Spring, Eagle, Dry, Rose, Panaca, Clover, and Lower Meadow Valley - - all part of the Colorado River drainage system.

This study was made and report prepared by F. Eugene Rush, Geologist for the U. S. Geological Survey.

These reconnaissance ground-water resources surveys make available pertinent information of great and immediate value to many State and Federal agencies. …

The Reaction To Ketoacylhydrazones With Lead Tetraacetate, Lavern M. Weisenberger

Masters Theses

Introduction

It has been shown that ketohydrazones react with lead tetraacetate to give azoacetates in good yields (11) according to the following equation:

R₂C=N-NH-R + Pb(OAc)₄ → R₂C(OAc)-N=N-R + Pb(OAe)₂ + HOAc

The reaction of the structurally related 4,4- disubstituted ketosemicarbazones with lead tetraacetate quite unexpectedly gave carbamates in good yields (10) presumably according to the following equation:

R₂C=N-NH-Co-NR₂ + Pb(OAc)4 → R₂C-O-CO-NR₂ + N₂ + Pb(OAc)₂ + HOAc

CO

ı

CH₃

Potential Diuretic Agents:-The Synthesis Of 4, 7-Disubstituted Derivatives Of 2-Phenylimidazo [4, 5-D]Pyridazine, Miriam P. Malm

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

"The maintenance of the water balance of an organism is of prime importance for its physiologic well-being." (1) Water, which composes approximately two-thirds of the entire human body weight, is the fluid in which all vital chemical reactions occur. A loss of 25 percent of body water usually proves fatal. The inherent physical and chemical properties of water render it as the ideal fluid to meet the physiological demands of the organism.

Spectroscopic Studies Of Tris (2,2'-Bipyridine)- And Tris (I, 10-Phenanthroline) Iron (Ii), -Ruthenium (Ii), And -Osmium (Ii), Sonia Lee Sabath

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The tris(2,2'-bipyridine)- and tris(l,10-phenanthroline) complexes of iron(II), ruthenium(II), and osmium(II) were synthesized, purified, and characterized by analyses. The solution absorption spectra of the compounds were measured both in the ultraviolet and visible regions. The observed ultraviolet absorption bands of the ruthenium and osmium complexes were assigned entirely to transitions, the prominent bands being assigned to ligand (perturbed) transitions by comparison with the published assignments of the corresponding bands in analogous iron complexes. The visible absorption spectra for iron(II) and ruthenium(II) complexes were attributed entirely to singlet-singlet charge transfer transitions. The strong visible absorption bands of osmium(II) complexes were also assigned …

The Synthesis And Evaluation Of Some 2-Arylindenes And 2-Aryl-3h-Benz[E]Indenes As Liquid Scintillation Solutes, James Leslie Schornick

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

A scintillator, in the chemical sense, is a system which can convert radioactive particle energy to visible and near ultraviolet photon energy. A phenomenon related to scintillation is fluorescence. The difference between scintillation and fluorescence is the source of excitation energy. In the case of scintillation, the exciting energy comes from radioactive particles, while in fluorescence, the exciting energy comes from ultraviolet light.

Molybdenum-L-Histidine Complexes, Jiing-Yun Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

L- Histidine is a very important amino acid and is widely distributed in living systems. In the growth and multiplication of animal cells, it was found that L-histidine is one of the amino acids that must be present. From the kinetic studies of certain enzymes such as chymotrypsin and ribonuclease, it has been proposed that the imidazolyl group of the histidine residue may serve as the basic electron donor, and that the histidine residue in some cases may be the active site of the enzyme. The interactions of L-histidine with heavy metal ions, including Ni (II) (1), Zn (II) (1, …

The Synthesis And Reactions Of 6-Carboxy Isatoic Anhydride, Jacqueline I. Kroschwitz

Chemistry Honors Papers

This 27 page thesis researches the preparation and characterization of 6-carboxy isatoic anhydride and the study of the reactions of this compound, leading to the synthesis of a series of compounds of new composition.

A Calorimetric Study Of Metal Amino Acid Complexes In Aqueous Solution. I. The Copper (Ii) Glycine System. Ii. The Nickel (Ii) Glycine, Alanine And Phenylalanine Systems, Wilbur Orme Greenhalgh

Theses and Dissertations

Calorimeter values were obtained for the standard enthalpy change for the following reactions at 10,25, and 40 degrees C.: 1. The dissaciation of the amino acid, glycine, in the zwitterion form (HA) to give the basic form (A-) and a proton. 2. The reactions of copper (II) ion with glycine to form the Cu gly+ and Cu (gly)2 complexes. 3. The reactions of nickel (II) ion with glycine and alanine to form Ni gly+, Ni (gly)2, Ni al+, and Ni (al)2 complexes. For calorimetric enthalpy calculations, the initial and final concentrations of all species in the calorimeter must be known; …

Put Garden Rubbish To Work In A Compost Heap, W Dawson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THERE'S a surprising amount of mumbo jumbo written about the simple compost heap. By the time you've waded through all the instructions, you feel as if you ought to have prerequisites of a doctorate in soil chemistry or an unbroken ancestry of at least three generations of professional English gardeners.

"Equilibria In Solution" : 2,2,8,8-Tetrakishydroxymethyl-3, 7-Diaza-1, 5,9 -Nonanetriol And 2,2,8,8-Tetramethyl-3, 7-Diaza-5-Nonaneol With Copper (Ii), Ronald Weston Davis

Master's Theses

The chelating agents, 2, 2, 8, 8-Tetrakishydroxymethyl1-3, 7-diaza-1, 5, 9-nonanetriol (''Disec") and 2, 2, 8 ,8-Tetramethyl1-3, 7-diaza-5-nonaneol ("Symaminol") were prepared and investigated with respect to their Basicity and Stability Constants.

The compound, "Disec," investigated in earlier work was again studied using more precise and controlled conditions of temperature (30.000 + - 0.002°C), measured pH readings and volume readings.

Tbe compound, "Symaminol," was prepared in the laboratory and studied in the same manner as "Disec." Examination of the literature yielded no evidence of "Symaminol" having been previously investigated.

By means of a digital computer, the data was correlated in a manner …

The Pyrolysis Of Menthol, John James Westbrook Iii

Master's Theses

Research on the pyrolysis or organic compounds has received an increasing amount of attention in recent years. The pyrolysis of terpene hydrocarbons has been of interest primarily because of their wide-spread and abundant natural occurrence. In addition terpenes have been investigated because of their interesting stereochemistry.

Menthol is a C₁₀ monocyolic terpene alcohol. Its thermal decomposition at temperatures greater than 500°C has not been investigated previously because of inadequate methods of analysis.

The pyrolysis of other terpene hydrocarbons has revealed new routes to useful intermediates from relatively cheap source materials. Menthol, however, has never been considered as a possibility …

Pachycereus Marginatus Alkaloids, John M. Brewer

Masters Theses

Introduction

Serturner's paper, 1817, "Morphis, a New Salt-forming Substance, and Meconic Acid, as the Chief Constituents of Opium", opened a new era of discovery in organic plant chemistry. His isolation of the first alkaloid was soon followed by the isolation or narcotine by Robiquet and strychnine by Pelletier and Caventou. These basic compounds were at first called vegetable alkalies, but were later renamed alkaloids, meaning alkali-like¹¹.

Chalcone Derivatives From Pyrrole-2-Aldehyde, Ahmad Hamidi

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Claisen first synthesized Chalcone in 1881 by condensing acetophenone with benzaldehyde using sodium methoxide as a condensing agent. Chalcone and its derivatives have been prepared primarily as intermediates for the synthesis of anthocyanins and other related pigments.

In recent years extensive preparation and study of chalcones has been carried out utilizing chalcones for their biological effects in medical and pharmaceutical fields. It has been shown that certain highly substituted compounds present in the flower pigments as additives to adhesive absorb ultraviolet radiation. Carboxylic acid chalcones have become known for their therapeutic action in the treatment of chronic kidney diseases, diseases …