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Thermodynamics Of Proton Ionization In Aqueous Solution I. A Precision Thermometric Titration Calorimeter ; Ii. Entropy Titration : A Calorimetric Method For Equilibrium Constant Determinations ; Iii. H And S Values For Carboxylic Acid Proton Ionization At 25c ; Iv. Site Of Proton Ionization From Adenosine, Lee D. Hansen

Theses and Dissertations

The design, construction, and calibration of a precision thermometric titration calorimeter is described. This calorimeter was tested by determining the enthalpy change for ionization of water. The result, 13.34 ±0.03 kcal/mole (standard deviation), is in exact agreement with the best literature values. This standard deviation indicates that, using this calorimeter, ΔH values can be determined with an accuracy of ±0.0.5 kcal/mole. A calorimetric procedure has been developed for the, simultaneous determination of the equilibrium constant, the enthalpy change, and the entropy change for a chemical reaction from a single titration (Entropy Titration). This procedure has been tested by determining pK, …

Liquid Scintillators: Some 3-Aryl-L,2-Dihydronaphthalenes, 3-Aryl-1,2-Dihydro-4-Methylnaphthalenes, 3-Aryl-1,2-Dihydrophenanthrenes And 3-Aryl-1,2-Dihydro-4-Methylphenanthrenes: Steric Effects Of The Methyl Group, Lavinel G. Ionescu

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

There are two methods commonly employed for the measurement of radiation: the ionization chambers, such as the various types of Geiger­Mliller tubes, and the scintillation counters.

Some 2-Aryl-6-Phenylindenes, 2-Aryl-3-Methyl-6-Phenylindenes, 2-Aryl-3, 4-Dihydro-6-Phenylnaphthalenes, And 2-Aryl-3, 4-Dihydro-1-Methyl-6-Phenylnaphthalenes As Liquid Scintillators: The Steric Effects Of A Methyl Group, David Webster Holty

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Liquid Solution Scintillator Systems1. Absorption and emission spectra of organic molecules arise from energy transitions within the molecule. Quantization of energy dictates that the energy levels in molecules will be specific and characteristic distances apart. The simplest description of the electronic energy levels in a molecule starts with "ground state" and includes "excited state #1” and so forth; this simple description allows only for the electronic excitation. In practice each electronic energy level is split into sublevels by other energetic transitions in the molecule, such as vibrations and rotations (Figure la).

Potential Neoplasm Inhibitors, Andrew G. Bachmann

Master's Theses

The historical portion of this paper is designed to show the value of mustard compounds in the treatment of cancer and the methods used to take advantage of various exploit­ able variants between normal tissue and cancerous tissue.

The experimental section is an effort to evaluate and take advantage of the variant of pH.

The Polarizing Effects Of Inhibitors Upon The Reaction Of Iron With Hydrochloric Acid, Duane L. Mickelson

Masters Theses

Introduction

Corrosion inhibitors have been widely studied. Electrical methods of study have been utilized (7) (10) (24) and polarization curves (2) (6) (18) (26) have been plotted by many observers in studying different aspects of corrosion. In this research the measured polarizing currents a.re used strictly in an effort to find out how the corrosion inhibitors affect the anodic and the cathodic reactions.

Water Chemistry Survey Of Boulder Basin, Lake Mead, P. R. Tramutt, Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

The survey results indicate that the impoundment of water behind Hoover Dam has not adversely affected the dissolved oxygen (DO) content and that water quality and DO content were uniform regardless of depth. The study made in April-May 1964 will provide water quality data of Lake Mead prior to releases from Lake Powell as a basis for evaluating Lake Powell's effect on water quality and limnology of Lake Mead. The performance of a DO analyzer was tested and found unsatisfactory at depths below 150 ft. Parameters tested by standard chemical analyses of water samples in the Denver Laboratory and by …

Reaction Of Dihydropyran With Substituted Benzenesulfonyl Azides, Douglas L. Rector

Masters Theses

Introduction

The intent of this investigation was to study the addition of arylsulfonyl azides to vinyl ethers, specifically 2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran, and to establish by chemical and physical methods the structure of the adduct.

Helianthus Annuus - The Separation And Identification Of A New Fatty Acid, Donald C. Gruber

Masters Theses

Introduction

The term "fatty acids" was first applied principally to saturated, monobasic carboxylic acids and especially to long chain acids derived from animal and vegetable oils. As time passed and the knowledge of natural fats increased, polyunsaturated, hydroxy, keto and branched chain acids were also found as constituents of these fats and oils and these also came under the heading of fatty acids. Even acids containing alicyclic substituents were found.

More recently the term 11 fatty acid" has been applied to include saturated and unsaturated monobasic carboxylic acids and several other series of substituted acids having carbon skeletons similar to …

Synthesis Of Potential Anti-Tumor Agents Related To Ethanolamine. I. Phenoxyacetic Acid Derivatives, Kenneth Wayne Rodarmer

Masters Theses

Introduction

Derivatives of phenoxyacetic acid (PAA), because of their activity as synthetic auxins, have long been of interest in the botanical sciences. PAA itself was noted (29) to have some auxin activity. However, real interest in PAA derivatives awaited the establishment of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as a powerful, selective herbicide (12). An enormous number of PAA analogs and homologs have been investigated for their potential in the herbicide industry, and the statistical evidence from these investigations has been used as the basis for several interesting and sometimes conflicting theories of auxin mechanisms (17, 26, 23, 27).

Physiological effects of PAA …

The Synthesis Of Condensed Pyridazines And Related Nitrogen Heterocycles As Potential Anticancer Agents, G. Anne Gerhardt

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

The antitumor activity found in such ring systems as purine (I), 8 - azapurine (II), pyrazolo[3, 4- d]pyrimidine (Ill) and pteridine (VI) prompted the preparation of substituted benzimidazoles, ν-triazolo­[4, 5-c]- (V), imidazo[4, 5-d]- (IV), pyrazino[2, 3-c]- (VII) and pyrazino[2, 3-d]- (VIII) pyridazines.

Properties Of Chlorophyll Derivatives Bonded To Polymers, Richard Grant Jensen

Theses and Dissertations

Two types of water-soluble complexes of chlorophyll a with organic polymers have been investigated: chlorophyll a coordinately bonded to poly 4-vinylpyridine and a chlorophyll derivative, Mg-chlorin e_6 phytyl methyl ester, covalently bonded to GANTREZ AN (poly (methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride) ). The first complex was observed upon dissolving chlorophyll a and poly 4-vinylpyridine in aqueous ethanol solutions. The Mg-chlorin e_6 diester-GANTREZ AN complex (chlorophyll a/polymer) was made by aminolysing the chlorophyll ring V with 1, 6-hexanediamine to give an intermediate product, Mg-chlorin e_6 -6-N-(6' -aminohexyl) carboxamide, phytyl methyl ester. This was attached to GANTREZ AN by linkage of the 6'-amine …

Thermochemistry Of Cyclophanes, Chyi-Feng Shieh

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The syntheses and properties of various cyclophanes have been extensively investigated by Cram and others. The paracyclophanes are compounds in which benzene rings are linked to each other by two saturated chains at the para positions, as in structure I. When they are joined to the meta positions, they are called metacyclophanes.

The Kinetics And Mechanism Of The Reaction Of Molybdenum(V) With Iodine, Oxygen And Nitrate, Ervin Park Guymon

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Molybdenum compounds present a series of baffling chemical puzzles. By no means are all of these yet even clearly defined and many may never be. This complexity results from the ability of molybdenum to form six different oxidation states, which can possess three different coordination numbers. Furthermore, molybdenum compounds readily disproportionate to yield mixed valence compounds; and finally, molybdate ions readily aggregate in solution to form a variety of polyions by polymerization-condensation reactions which are controlled by pH and the concentration of the system. Molybdenum's complexity can best be summed up in the words of the late Edgar Smith who …

Thermodynamics Of Charge Transfer Complexes, Reed J. Jensen

Theses and Dissertations

Charge transfer complexes were studied spectrophotometrically in the liquid state by a modified Benesi-Hildabrand method. TiCl_4 - Benzene and TiCl_4 - diphenyl ether solutions were found to form contact charge transfer complexes, that is complexes with very weak and non-directional interactions. The systems TiCl_4 - anisole and TiCl_4 - diethyl ether form complexes of the types AD and AD_2 where A stands for TiCl_4 and D stand s for the organic donor. The formation constants for the complexes were, for the TiCl_4 - anisole, K_1 = 0.077, K_2 = 0.01; and TiCl_4 - diethyl ether, K_1= 3.0, K_2 = 1.0. …

The Synthesis And Reactions Of 8-Carboxy Isatoic Anhydride, James E. Scheirer

Chemistry Honors Papers

This 34 page thesis examines the preparation and characterization of 8-carboxy isatoic anhydride and the study of its reactions, leading to the synthesis of compounds of new composition.

A Thermodynamic Study Of (1) Ligand Replacement Reactions And (2) The Interaction Of Hgcl[Subscript 2](Aq) With Hydroxide Ion, Ethylenediamine, Glycinate Ion, And Methylamine, Jerry Alvin Partridge

Theses and Dissertations

A method is reported for determining the species formed in solution by ligand replacement reactions. Reactions in dilute aqueous solution were studied in which the Cl^- on HgCl_2(aq) was replaced by hydroxide ion, ethylenediamine, glycinate ion, and methylamine. The species formed by the replacement reactions were established through computer analysis of pH titration data. Various reaction sequences were proposed for each system and log K values were calculated for each sequence. The selection of the correct reaction sequence for each system was based on the premise that only when the correct sequence is proposed will consistent log K values be …

Hydrogenation Of 4-Methylcinnoline, William E. Maycock

Theses and Dissertations

The rapid expansion of knowledge of cinnoline chemistry since 1941 has not included the hydrocinnolines. Not one catalytic hydrogenation of a fully aromatic cinnoline had been reported. This thesis is an effort to enlarge knowledge of this particular area of cinnoline chemistry. The work is a natural outgrowth of that done at Brigham Young University on decahydroquinoxaline, both the cis- and trans- isomers having been prepared and characterized. 4-Methylcinnoline, prepared by the method of Jacobs, et.al., was hydrogenated in neutral and acidic ethanolic solutions at 2000-3000 psig. hydrogen pressure and 100-266°. The catalysts used were 5% palladium on alumina, ruthenium …

Ua3/3/7 This Is Western, Wku President's Office - Thompson

WKU Administration Documents

Scrapbook of photographs used to promote WKU with potential students and donors.

A Study Of The Boron - Curcumin System, John Bowlin Forehand

Master's Theses

The discovery of the usefulness of curcumin for detecting boron was made over 100 years ago. Since that time a great deal of work has been done in developing new methods based on this compound and in modifying and improving existing methods. However, very little has been done to determine the mechanism of the reactions involved or the structures of the compounds formed.

The purpose of this work was to gather evidence in support of the mechanism proposed in 1956 by Powell, Hardcastle and Poindexter for the formation of the boron - oxalic acid - curcumin complex (Rubrocuraumin) in the …

Carcinostatic Sulfonic Acid Esters Of Selected 1,4-Diols, Robert A. Earl

Masters Theses

Introduction

The purpose of this research was to prepare the bisarylsulfonic acid esters of 1,4-butanediol and 1,4-but-2-ynediol.

This series of compounds is of interest because of the antitumor activity exhibited by the bismethanesulfonates of 1,4-butanediol and 1,4-but-2-ynediol. The compounds which were prepared were submitted to Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center for evaluation in their anticancer program.

It was hoped that the compounds synthesized would be of pharmacological value. It was further hoped that the biological test data of these compounds would demonstrate a correlation between types of substituents on the aromatic nucleus and the degree of activity of the compounds. …

Studies On The Conversion Of Indole Acetic Acid And Oxindole Acetic Acid By Hygrophorous Conicus, Barbara Ruth Patterson

Masters Theses

"The fungus, Hygrophorous conicus, produces the enzyme, indole acetic acid oxidase, when grown in the presence of indole acetic acid (IAA) or tryptamine. The IAA acts both as an inducer and a substrate for this intracellular enzyme. The product of the oxidation catalyzed by the IAA oxidase is oxindole acetic acid (OIAA). Since the IAA and OIAA absorb maximally at two different wavelengths the use of spectrophotometric analysis was possible for assaying for the IAA oxidase activity. Paper chromatography was used for qualitative identification of the IAA and OIAA. The rate of growth and the rate of formation of the …

A New Two-Position Protecting Group: Preparation And Properties Of Glucopyranosido-(1,2: 4',5')-2'-Oxazolidone And Syntheses Of D-Glucosaminides, Sharad Ramchandra Kulkarni

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The present work consists of two parts. The first part contains the synthesis of 3,4,6-tri-o-benzoyl-D-glucopyranosido-[1,2:4¹,5¹]-2¹-oxazolidone (III) and the study of its chemistry in order to determine whether it could be used as a simultaneous protecting group for C₁ and C₂ in the preparation of new aminosugars. The second part covers the synthesis and de-o-benzoylation of β-D-glucosaminides. The products thus obtained can be used to prepare new disaccharides. In addition new aminosugar derivatives have been prepared.

Construction Of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscope And Its Calibration, Irshad Ahmad

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Soon after the importance of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy was established more sophisticated instruments started coming into use. At present High Resolution Spectroscopes which are of the self-recording type are extensively used in research.

However, the high cost of the instrument prevents its use in smaller and poorer schools. In recent years a low cost instrument of the single coil type has been constructed by the Aero Medical Laboratory which is alright for demonstration purposes but cannot be used for research because of low resolution.

The idea of the present project was to see whether a similar instrument of double …

The Binary Halides Of Molybdenum(Iv) And Tungsten(Iv) And The Oxochlorides Of Tungsten(Vi), Edward Roy Epperson

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

It was the purpose of this study to investigate the reaction of molybdenum and tungsten dioxides with carbon tetrachloride and bromoform (via the method of Knox and Tyree) to produce anhydrous molybdenum and tungsten tetrachlorides and bromides and to determine whether the method is a reliable one for the synthesis of these compounds. Out of this grew an investigation into the preparation of the oxochlorides of tungsten(VI) using the same preparative technique.

The results of this study are here set forth. An attempt is made to systematize the published material on the synthesis and properties of the binary halides of …

Some Spectrophotometric Studies Of Molecular Complexes For Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Pyrene, Chrysene, And Benzanthracene With Iodine Monochloride, Joe Boyd Coacher

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The principal purpose of the present study was to prove the existence of the weak interaction between the halogenoid iodine monochloride and the condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenanthrene, anthracene pyrene, chrysene, and benzanthracene (see Figure 1).

Transformations Of Tryptamine And Tryptophan By Basidiomycetes, Hsaio-Lung Cheng

Masters Theses

"The product formed from tryptamine by Trichloloma nudum was identified as indoleacetic acid (IAA) and from tryptophan by Cantharellus cibrarius as indolelactic acid (ILA). The products were extracted from the spent media with organic solvents. Purification and identification of the crystalline transformation products were accomplished by means of paper chromatography, spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatography.

The conversion of tryptamine and tryptophan was also studied in cultures of Lencopaxillus paradoxus, Pluteus granularis and Pleuatus ostreatus. Only Pluteus granularis was found to transform tryptamine into IAA. Lencopaxillus paradoxus transformed tryptamine into oxindoleacetic acid (OIAA).

Paper chromatography proved to be useful …

Use Of Neutron Activation Analysis In The Study Of Biological Disposition Of Antimony Compounds, Moustafa Mahmoud Mansour

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

I. An Investigation Of The Organic Compounds In The Media And Mycelium Of Naucoria Confragosa. Ii. Study Of The Extra-Cellular Pigments Of An Unknown Fungus, Yueh-Tsun Chen

Masters Theses

"The fungal metabolites excreted into the culture fluid by basidiomycetes growing on synthetic glucose media as well as formed in the mycelia of the organisms were investigated in this thesis. Earlier unpublished work had shown that Maucoria confragosa excreted into the medium compounds which were thought to be phenols. Insufficient material was recovered from an ethyl acetate extract of the medium in the present study for further investigation. Colorimetric methods were employed both for the quantitative estimation of reducing sugar not consumed by the microorganisms as well as for a measure of the total organic solids present in the spent …

Stereochemistry Of Chlorinated Diels-Alder Adducts, Harry R. Musser

Masters Theses

"Hexachlorocyclopentadiene and related compounds have been studied extensively in connection with Diels-Alder reactions. Many of the adducts formed are used as intermediates in insecticide syntheses. It is of interest to study the stereochemistry of the adducts of one of the hexachlorocyclopentadiene derivaites. 5,5-Dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrachlorocyclopentadiene and various dienophiles, when allowed to react, yield compounds of the bridges bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene series. The study of the endo and/or exo configuration of various functional groups such as carboxyl, aldehyde, and hydroxymethyl can be related to the known exo-5-hydroxymethyl1-1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobicyclo-[2.2.1] help-2-ene-7-one"--Introduction, page [1].

A Graphical Method Of Estimating Heat Capacities Of Hydrocarbons, Pu-Ying Liu

Masters Theses

"Heat capacity arises because the individual particles comprising a substance are able to move and thus take up kinetic energy and usually also potential energy as the temperature rises. In many substances electrons do not absorb energy until very high temperatures are reached. Thus most heat capacity effects are interpreted in terms of the motion of the atoms neglecting electronic transitions. The total internal energy of a material is, therefore, equal to the sum of the energies due to translational and rotational motion of the molecules and to the vibrational motion of the atoms making up the molecules...The objective of …