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Complexes Between Nascent Polypeptides And Their Molecular Chaperones In The Cytosol Of Mammalian Cells, Daryl K. Eggers, W. J. Welch, W. J. Hansen

Faculty Publications, Chemistry

Folding of newly synthesized proteins in vivo is believed to be facilitated by the cooperative interaction of a defined group of proteins known as molecular chaperones. We investigated the direct interaction of chaperones with nascent polypeptides in the cytosol of mammalian cells by multiple methods. A new approach using a polyclonal antibody to puromycin allowed us to tag and capture a population of truncated nascent polypeptides with no bias as to the identity of the bound chaperones. In addition, antibodies that recognize the cytosolic chaperones hsp70, CCT (TRiC), hsp40, p48 (Hip), and hsp90 were compared on the basis of their …

Sodium Nitrite Alone Protects The Brain O _I_ Microsomal Ca -Atpase Against Potassium Cyanide-Induced Neurotoxicity In Rats, Odutayo O. Odunuge, G.. A. Adenuga

Faculty Publications

The effect of a short-term oral administration of potassium cyanide (KCN) (200 ppm in diet) with or without sodium nitrite (NaNO2) pretreatment on rat brain microsomal Ca2* ATPase was investigated. The specific activity value of the enzyme significantly decreased (p<0.05) by 50% compared with control and by 63% for KCN-treated rats compared with KCN-treated rats pretreated with NaNO;,. There was no significant difference at the h = 0.05 level between the values obtained for the control and KCN-treated rats pretreated with NaNO,. These results show both that feeding lowers brain microsomal Ca2f-ATPase activity and that NaNO, has a protective role (antidote function) in that respect.

Molecular Engineering Of Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers By Living Polymerizations, Coleen Pugh, Alan L. Kiste

Chemistry and Biochemistry

“Living” anionic, cationic, metalloporphyrin and ring-opening metathesis polymerizations have been used to prepare well-defined side-chain liquid crystalline homopolymers, block and graft copolymers and statistical copolymers. This paper analyzes their successes and failures by reviewing the mechanistic aspects and experimental conditions of each type of polymerization, and identifies other classes of mesogenic monomers that could be polymerized in a controlled manner in the future. The emerging structure/property relationships are then identified using well-defined SCLCPs in which only one structural feature is varied while all others remain constant.

The thermal transitions of liquid crystalline polymethacrylates, polynorbomenes and poly(viny1 ether)s reach their limiting …

Infrared Spectroscopy Of Nickel And Iron Geoporphyrins, Kewei Xu

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The first assignments of a number of vibrational modes to the infrared spectra of nickel and iron porphyrins are presented. The purpose of this work was to establish a library of reference spectra which can be used in the identification of geoporphyrins from coal. The infrared regions of 1700-1200 cm·' and 1200-600 cm·1 are informative and display a rich array of skeletal and alkyl substituent modes. The detailed analyses indicate that nickel and iron complexes of the four etioporphyrin (Etio) I-IV isomers exhibit notable differences at certain positions, especially in the 800-700 cm·' and 1000-900 cm·' subregions, which should enable …

The Resolution Of Chiral Dialkylarylsufonium Ions By 1h Nmr Spectroscopy, Johnathan Whetstine

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

The goal of this research was to design a rapid Nuclear Magnetic Resonance method to measure enantiomeric excess of chiral sulfonium ions by using chiral lanthanide shift reagents. The sulfonium ions studied were dialkylarylsulfonium ions. The shift reagent that was employed was Europium (III) surrounded by chiral ligands of 3-trifluoroacetyl-d-camphor (tfc), which is derived from (+)-camphor. Ethylmcthylphenylsulfonium ion was synthesized for study as a racemic and enantiomerically enriched mixture. The sulfonium ion was then ion-paired with the shift reagent for resolution of R and S enantiomers. The best resolution was obtained with the Eu(fod)4- shift reagent, with nearly baseline resolution …

Comparative Analysis Of Pesticide Extraction Methods, Julie A. Lapos

Honors Theses, 1963-2015

Liquid-Liquid Extraction using methylene chloride, Liquid-Liquid extraction using a 75:25 mexanes: ethyl acetate solvent, and Solid Phase Extraction using C-18 disks were compared. Aliquots of water spiked with alachlor, atrazine, and trifluralin were extracted using each of the techniques. The extracts were concentrated and analyzed using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer with Selected Ion Monitoring. A surrogate, 2-nitro-m-xlene, and an internal standard, phenanthrene-d10,, were used. At spiking levels of 5-60 ug/L, there was not a significant statistical difference between the three methods when the liquid extractors were run for 24 hours. There was however a difference between the solid phase extraction and …

Polymer Light Emitting Diodes, Frank E. Karasz, Bin Hu, Zhou Yang

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Polyphenylene vinylene-based conjugated-nonconjugated alternating block copolymers form the active chromophores in a series of light emitting diodes (LEDs). The quantum efficiency and brightness of these devices can be improved by several orders of magnitude by incorporation of appropriate carrier transport layers and by rational choice of electrodes. Further improvements can be gained by blending of the active chromophores with high or low molecular weight species.

Novel Architectures Of Macromolecular Systems, Gerhard Wegner

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

An important thrust in modern macromolecular chemistry is to construct complex architectures either directly from monomer units, or to design macromolecules capable of forming a desired superstructure by self-organization. Chain-rigidity is an example of a structural principle leading to self organization depending on the aspect ratio of the molecular objects and their mutual interactions. These molecularly defined objects serve as the building blocks of systems for which ultrathin layers composed of hairy rod macromolecules (HRM) are an example. Depending on architectural details layered architectures of HRM are models for molecular nanocomposites, exhibit interesting optical, electrochemical, dielectric or barrier properties. They …

Antifungal Natural Products From Medicinal Plants Of Pakistan, Atta Rahman, M. I. Choudhary

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A number of diseases in humans, animals, insects and plants are caused by pathogenic fungi. Several fungi also produce toxins in foods and can cause poisoning. Antifungal compounds are therefore important both for controlling serious fungal diseases of animals and plants, and for preserving food and other organic materials against attack by fungi. Our work on antifungal phytochemicals of medicinal plants has resulted in the isolation of a number of interesting compounds. The agar diffusion method was used to determine the antifungal activity of the pure isolates and extracts against a number of highly pathogenic fungi. The structures of the …

Analytical Applications Of Organic Conducting Polymer Electrodes, Nada F. Atta, George C. Russell, Z. Wang, N. Akmal, J.F. Rubinson, S.K. Lunsford, E. Karagözler, O. Y. Ataman, H. Zimmer, H.B. (Jr.) Mark, Ahmed Galal

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Electrodes modified by he electrodeposition of conducting polymers were used for the detection and quantitative determination of some inorganic, organic, and biological molecules. Monomers used were five membered ring heterocycles or crown ethers and their derivatives. The polymer films were deposited on glassy carbon or platinum substrates. The resulting electrodes were used in the amperometric mode or in the potentiometric mode for flow injection and chromatographic analyses. The results showed that the proposed modified surface catalyzes the oxidation of organic and biological compounds. The detection of electroinactive inorganic anions, such as F^-, Cl^-, Br^-, NO_2^- and NO^-_3 was also possible …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Conducting Polymers And Their Composites, L. Toppare

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Blends of conducting polymers polypyrrole and polyaniline, in the insulating host polymers, polybisphenol A carbonate, polyamide and polyamide have been prepared electrochemically. Composite homogeneity and a possible chemical interaction between the host matrices and the conducting polymers were searched. Several spectroscopic and thermal analyses of free standing films suggest such an interaction.

Dissociation Dynamics Of Small Carbon Clusters, Ersin Yurtsever, Nuran Elmaci

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The dissociation dynamics of small carbon clusters is studied by classical trajectory analysis. A large number of initial conditions are chosen to analyze the effects of the energy, angular momentum and the initial geometry of the cluster. The dissociation times, decay rate constants, kinetic energy of the dissociating atoms and the geometrical structure of the remaining part of the clusters are computed from microcanonical sampling of the phase space. Distributions of these properties as well as the possibilities of various fragmentation channels are presented.

Reduction Of Combustion Generated Pollution: Process Modifications And Energy Efficient Power Cycles, Janos M. Beer

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Theoretical bases of combustion process modifications aimed at the reduction of pollutant emission are examined. It is shown, as an example, of how the minimization of emissions of nitrogen oxides leads to a design protocol that translates results of modeling and of bench scale experiments into guidelines for industrial design. The formation and emission of polycyclic aromatic compounds is also considered, because their formation is strongly favored in "low NO_x flames". In power generation the pollutant emission can be reduced effectively by the improvement of the ``heat rate,"i.e., the thermodynamic efficiency of the power cycle. Combined gas turbine-steam cycles which …

A Computational Study On The Conformational Behaviour Of 1,1,2-Trihydroxyethane In Solution, Safiye Sağ Erdem, Tereza Varnali, Viktorya Avi̇yente

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The conformational space of 1,1,2-trihydroxyethane were investigated with the PM3 method both in gas phase and in solution. Ab initio calculations at 6-31G level were also conformational equilibria in solution were studied and used to explain the behaviour of 2-hydroxycyclohexanone propylene and ethylene ketals.

General Character Of Electrochaemically Adsorbed Cobalt On Smooth Platinum In Solutions Of Various Ph, Gülcemal Yildiz, Sadiq Kuluyev, Figen Kadirgan

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The adsorption of cobalt adatoms on to a smooth platinum electrode at different potentials was studied by voltammetric methods. The amount of cobalt coverage was determined from the hydrogen region of the platinum electrode. The number of electrons per adatom species was calculated. The experiments were carried out in the pH interval between 0-3 in H_{2}SO_{4}-containing solutions.

Synthesis And Characterization Of Complexes Of Co(Ii), Ni(Ii), Cd(Ii), Hg(Ii) And Pd(Ii) With Some N-Phenyl-N^{1}-2-[4-Phenyl-(Substituted) Thiazolyl]- Thioureas, B. Narayana, M. R. Gajendragad

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The Synthesis and characterization of the complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Pd(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) with N-phenyl-N^{1}-2(-4-phenylthiazoly)thiourea (PPT) and N-phenyl-N^{1}-2-(4-methylphenylthiazolyl)-thiourea (PMPT) and Co(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) complexes of N-phenyl-N^{1}-2-(4-p- chlorophenylthiazolyl) thiourea (PCPT) are included in this paper. Based on analytical results, electronic and infrared spectral data and magnetic susceptibility measurements, plausible structures have been proposed.

Complexes Of Zn(Ii), Pd(Ii), Hg(Ii), Pb(Ii), Cu(I), Ag(I) And Tl(I) With 4-Amino-5-Mercapto-3-(O-Tolyloxymethyl)-1,2,4-Triazole, B. Narayana, M. R. Gajendragad

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The synthesis and characterization of complexes of Zn(II), Pd(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Pb(II), Cu(I), Ag(I), and Tl(I) with 4-amino-5-mercapto-3-(o- tolyloxymethyl)-1,2,4-triazole are described. Based on analytical results, electronic and infrared spectral data and magnetic susceptibility measurements suitable structures have been proposed.

Carbon Monoxide Hydrogenation Over Ru-Mn-K/Al_2o_3 Catalysts, S. Tajammul Hussain, M. Ashraf Atta

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The catalytic behavior of a series Ru/Al_2O_3 catalysts promoted with various levels of Mn and K prepared by coimpregnation were investigated in the CO-hydrogenation reaction. Catalytic studies showed that the addition of Mn enhances the production of Fischer Tropsch products and K promotion in particular enhances the production of unsaturated hydrocarbons while inhibiting the methanation reaction. The influence of K and Mn on the Fischer Tropsch product selectivity in CO-hydrogenation studies is discussed in terms of ensemble and electronic effects, and the production of a new surface site Ru:Mn:K.

Topological Constraints On Hmo Hetereoatom Parameters, Lemi Türker

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Within the Hückel molecular orbital framework, the effect of topological factors on the selection of heteroatom parameters for heteroconjugated systems is discussed.

Factors Influencing The Angle Of Total Ii-Electron Energies Of Alternant Hydrocarbons, Lemi Türker

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Within the framework of the Hückel molecular orbital theory, the topological factors affecting the angle of total \pi-electron energies of alternant hydrocarbons were investigated.

Ion Chromatographic Analysis Of Water-Soluble Anions In The Atmosphere In Amman, Jordan, Qasem M. Jaradat, Kamal A. Monami, Anwar G. Jiries

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In the summer of 1995, samples of airborne particles were collected in the Amman area of Jordan. Ion chromatography (IC) was used for the determination of anions in these samples. Four anions were identified and quantified in the atmosphere of Amman. The concentration ranges of F^-, CL^-, NO_3^- and SO_4^= were 0.04 - 3.3, 2.25 - 15.7, 1.96 - 8.39 and 16.88 - 41.33 \mug/m^3, respectively. The study shows that Cl^-, NO_3^-, and SO_4^= are the major anions of air particulate, and the concentration of SO_4^= exceeds that of some other cities worldwide. The total suspended particles (TSP) value was …

Controlled Release Of Aldicarb From Carboxymethylcellulese Microcapsules, M. Yakup Arica, Mustafa Yi̇ği̇toğlu, Mustafa Lale, Fatma N. Kök, Vasıf Hasirci

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose was converted into microspheres by crosslinking with aluminum chloride. Various microsheres with different amounts of crosslinker, biopolymer of various concentrations and molecular weights, and with different pesticide (Aldicarb) contents and pesticide to polymer ratios were prepared. The pesticide encapsulation efficiencies and aldicarb release kinetics of the resultant microcapsules were investigated. It was possible to modify the release behaviour by varying the above parameters and to have drug release with half-lives longer than 100 hours in aqueous media. The release kinetics were described by first order and zero order kinetics.

Spectrophotometric Determination Of The Pk_A Values Of Some Aminoacid Complexes Of Pentacyanoferrate(Ii) And Pentacyanoruthenate(Ii), Yakup Baran, Şebnem Baran, N. Kemal Tunali

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The syntheses, pK_a and spectrospcopic characterization of [Fe(CN)_5(H_2O)]^{-3} and [Ru(CN)_5(H_2O)]^{-3} complexes of alanine(Ala), glycine(Gly), valine(Val), lysine(Lys), arginine(Arg) and cysteine(Cys) complexes were investigated in aqueous solution. The spectra of the complexes containing amino acid ligands were similar to that of [Fe(CN)_5(NH_3)]^{-3}. The pK_a values of the complexes were measured by spectrophotometric titration at 22^{\circ}C and \mu =0.100 M(NaClO_4).

Carbonic Anhydrase From Nicotiana Tabacum Leaves, Nazan Demi̇r, Yaşar Demi̇r

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this study, carbonic anhydrase (CA: carbonate hydrolyase; E.C.4.2.1.1) was purified from adult {\it Nicotiana tabacum} leaves and studied biochemically. The enzyme was purified twice times by using (NH$_4)_2SO_4 precipation and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, and its activity was determined for two different substrates (CO_2 and p-nitrophenyl acetate). The enzyme obtained from the ion exchange column was purified 40.7 fold and the purity was controlled by 3\%-10\% discontinuous SDS-PAGE. The pH of the purified enzyme varied between 6.0 and 7.2, the optimum being 6.9. V_{max} and K_m values were calculated with p-nitrophenyl acetate (0.1524 mM, 0.5446 mM, respectively) as substrate. The …

Kinetics Of Autoxidative Polymerization Of Sunflowerseed Oil, Hüseyin Topallar, Yüksel Bayrak, Mehmet İşcan

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The rates of polymerization of unhydrogenated and hydrogenated sunflowerseed oils were measured under atmospheric conditions in the various containers (glass, PET and metal). Polymerization rates showed a strong dependence on the degree of unsaturation and the light transmittance of the containers. The average molecular weights of polymerized oils were determined by viscosity measurements.The relationship between viscosity and average molecular weight was determined. It is seen that unhydrogenated sunflowerseed oil has a higher polymerization rate than hydrogenated oil samples in a glass container and they has higher viscosity values.

Examination Of Historical Textiles With Dyestuff Analyses By Tlc And Derivative Spectrophotometry, Recep Karadağ, Emre Dölen

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A group of historical textiles in the Topkapi Museum, i.e., silk brocades classified as 16th century pieces by art historians, were investigated by TLC and spectrophometric analyses of their dyestuffs for the purpose of dating these pieces. The dyestuffs contained intextile fibers were extracted with acid solutions of varying strength, and the acid extracts were analyzed by both TLC and spectrophotometry, either directly or after an organic solvent extraction step. The first derivative spectra proved to provide more information than the main spectra. In order to eliminate possible interferences in spectrophotometry arising from impurities in the fibers, e.g., compounds containing …

Electron Spin Resonance Studies On Cobalt Carbonic Anhydrase-Substrate Complexes, Çigdem Nuhoğlu, Nazan Demi̇r, Barbaros Nalbantoğlu, Ö. İrfan Küfrevi̇oğlu, Y. Kemal Yoğurtçu, Hasan Özdemi̇r, Enise Ayyildiz

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The native zinc atom of bovine erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase purified by affinity choromatography was removed by dialysis against pyridine 2,6-dicarboxylic acid. Cobalt carbonic anhydrase was prepared from the zinc-free apoenzyme. The binding conditions of CO_2 and p-nitrophenylacetate to cobalt carbonic anhydrase were investigated by electron spin resonance at different pH levels.

A Novel Glycosidicly Linked Piperidine Alkaloid From Cyclamen Coum, Nurettin Yayli, Cemalettin Baltaci

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The structure of a novel piperidine type alkaloid from {\it Cyclamen coum} was established as 2-\beta-D-glycopyranosyl-2-undecil-3,5-dihydroxy-6-carboxypiperidine, {\bf 1,} whose structure has been deduced from spectral data.

A Quantum-Chemical Investigation On 3-(4h-1,2,4-Triazol-4-Yl)-1h-1,2,4-Triazole, Rıza Abbasoğlu, Necdet Saltek, A. Aykut İki̇zler

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The molecular conformations and electronic properties of the 3-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole molecule containing various reaction centers were investigated by the semiempirical methods MNDO, AM1 and PM3. The most stable conformation of the molecule was determined to be the planar conformation. The total energies, heats of formation, dipole moments, rotational barriers, geometric parameters, ionization potentials, full atomic charges, energies of frontier molecular orbitals (E_{HOMO} and E_{LUMO}) and their electron densities were calculated and discussed. In order to determine the protonation sites of the 3,4'-bitriazole system, the molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) of the molecule has also been calculated. The conformations and electronic properties of …

Influence Of Some Crosslinkers On The Swelling Of Acrylamide-Crotonic Acid Hydrogels, Erdener Karadağ, Dursun Saraydin, Olgun Güven

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Acrylamide-crotonic acid hydrogels in the form of rods are prepared by \gamma-irradiation of quaternary mixtures of acrylamide-crotonic acid-crosslinker-water with 2.6 and 5.2 kGy \gamma-rays. The influence of the applied dose, the relative content of crotonic acid and crosslinkers such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1.4 butanediol dimethacrylate and N,N' methylenebisacrylamide on the swelling properties of the gel, the diffusional behaviour of water, the diffusion coefficient, and the network parameters of hydrogel systems are examined. Acrylamide-crotonic acid hydrogels containing various crosslinkers had a maximum swelling in the range 240-850 \%. Water diffusion to hydrogels was non-Fickian. The diffusion coefficients varied between 4.6 …