Digital Commons Network^™

Polypropylene Fibers, Anthony Vincent Galanti

Theses

One of the latest members of the rapidly growing therrnoplastic polymer family which appears capable of successfully competing with the currently saturated textile and chemical markets is polypropylene fiber. The objectives of this Thesis were to: (1) examine the effects of polymer characteristics and fiber processing conditions on the properties of polypropylene fibers, and (2) correlate all existing information on the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of polypropylene fibers and comparatively evaluate this material with other fibers, natural and synthetic.

Polypropylene is the first member of a new group of polymers prepared by a mechanism defined as "stereospecific" polymerization. From …

Thermal Conductivity Of Solid Materials, Irwin N. Huppert

Theses

A literature search on the methods of determining the thermal conductivity of solids has been made.

A compilation of the various methods of determining the thermal conductivity of solids presented in the literature is given in the report. In general, the literature is lacking in correlations of thermal conductivity with other properties of solid materials. A review of the correlations found is presented. A summary of data presented in the literature is presented in the text.

A method of determining the thermal conductivity of solid materials without measuring the heat flow through the test specimen is presented. The use of …

The Virial Equation Of State Based On Critical Constants, Ghanshyam R. Patel

Theses

Results obtained from the Epstein equation of state¹⁵ i.e. equation (8), which is theoretically valid up to the critical density, are compared with the experimental values of the compressibility factor. The calculated values of compressibility factor or ethylene, ethane, propane, and n-butane were obtained using two methods of evaluation for the second and third virial coefficients. In addition, using these two methods and excluding fourth, fifth, and sixth virials in the Epstein equation of state, compressibility factors were calculated for all the four compounds to test the effect of higher virial terms. In the proposed method-(A) and method-(C), the …

Esterification Of Oleic Acid With Oleyl Alcohol, Robert Persurance

Theses

The esterification of oleic acid with oleyl alcohol was studied. A literature search showed that the chemical kinetics for this reaction had not been studied previously.

In the temperature range of 150 to 200°C. and up to a conversion of about 85 per cent, the esterification was found to be a second order reaction when the water of reaction was removed from the system by simple distillation.

Para-toluenesulfonic acid is an effective catalyst for this system, and the observed specific rate constant is a linear function of the catalyst concentration.

The effect of temperature on the specific rate constant for …

Mass Transfer Into Cylindrical Liquid Films Measurement Of Liquid Diffusivities, Ronald Francis Lovenguth

Theses

This thesis was undertaken to augment and validate the previous work of Ratcliff and Reid⁽⁷⁾ in the area of diffusion of immiscible liquids. Their novel approach to this particular problem of liquid diffusion led the author to consider an experimental technique that has been used in gas-liquid studies. A short vetted-wall column was used to determine the rate of mass transfer of benzene and toluene into thin cylindrical films of water. A general analytical solution for the rate of mass transfer has been derived and is given below. This solution was checked using the system benzene-water.

G=3.63(Π(ρ_ω-ρ …

The Purification, Analysis And Growth Of Single Crystals Of Organic Semiconductors, Melvin Leonard Druin

Theses

The purpose of this investigation was to design and construct a furnace for growing large single crystals of organic compounds by slow crystallization from the melt by the Bridgman technique. The crystals obtained by this furnace will be used in a later investigation of the intrinsic electrical and optical properties of organic semiconductors.

The methods describe have been used width success to produce large single crystals of anthracene and ethyl-p aminobenzoate with diameters of 1/2 inch.

The most promising methods of purification of anthracene, which were chemical synthesis, washing, recrystallization from solvents, sublimation, dimerization, co-distallatian and zone refining have been …

Effect Of Liquid Viscosity On Performance Of Wire Mesh Entrainment Separators, Raymond Paul Vogel

Theses

The knitted wire mesh entrainment separator, commonly referred to as a demister*, is in common use to separate entrained liquid from vapor streams. However, little quantitative information is available concerning the effect of physical properties of the entrained liquid on allowable gas velocities.

Studies were made on two demister styles to determine the effect of liquid viscosity on demister performance, Liquid viscosities from 0.9 to 12 centipoise were investigated using water, glycerine-water mixtures and heavy no. 2 fuel oil as the test liquids. Air was used as the gas medium in all cases.

Regression analysis of the test data indicates …

A Study Of Turbulent Mass Transfer In A Wetted-Wall Column, David William Bunch

Doctoral Dissertations

"The field of mass transfer is one of great interest to the chemical engineer. An understanding of this field is vital in the design of many types of chemical processing equipment, particularly in the areas of distillation, extraction, absorption, adsorption, and reactor analysis and design.

However, much of the knowledge in this area at the present time is in the form of empirical relationships, and the basic theory is still not well delineated. This lack of understanding leads to expensive and over-sized or under-sized equipment.

A particular area within this field which needs additional investigation is the theory of mass …

The Dissolution Of Deformed Magnesium In Sulfuric Acid., William J. Daniels

Masters Theses

"The negative difference effect exhibited by magnesium while anodically dissolving in saline solutions has been attributed in part by Kokoulina and Kabanov to the expulsion of univalent magnesium ions ^{1, 2}. Recent experimenters have discounted the concept of the anodic expulsion of uncommon valency ions and have explained both the positive and negative difference effects observed for magnesium in dilute acids on the basis of anodic polarization, film disruption, and disintegration of the magnesium anode, i.e. "chunk effect"^{3, 4}.

The purpose of this present investigation was to study the difference effect for deformed magnesium in a dilute …

The Indole Acetic Acid Oxidase Of Hygrophorus Conicus., Dilip N. Patel

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this investigation was to determine an assay method for measuring the activity of the indole acetic acid oxidase present in Hygrophorus conicus. This enzyme converts tryptamine or indole acetic acid (IAA) into oxindole acetic acid (OIAA).

An assay method for measuring the activity of the enzyme was developed based on the spectrophotometric measurement of tryptamine, IAA, and OIAA. Several other assay methods were tried. The colorimetric method of Gordon and Weber ^(l4) was found to be useful for a quantitative determination of IAA and was insensitive to OIAA. Paper chromatography proved to be useful as a qualitative …

A New Method For The Evaluation Of Metal Primers., Bhalchandra Dave

Masters Theses

"Corrosion is the destructive attack of metal by chemical or electrochemical reaction with its environment. Rusting is usually the term applied to the corrosion of iron-base alloys with formation of corrosion products consisting largely of hydrous ferric oxides. Non-ferrous metals therefore, corrode but do not rust. ^(l4) More than 40 per cent of the world's production of steel and iron is destroyed by rusting which costs about six billion dollars every year. In 1954 the American Petroleum Industry, Subcommittee on Corrosion, published a preliminary estimate that corrosion was costing 2 the petroleum refining industry between eleven and nineteen cents per …

The Removal Of Residual Organic Materials From Sewage Plant Effluents Using Continuous Foam Flotation., Ajab S. Malik

Masters Theses

"This investigation was conducted to determine the feasibility of using a continuous foam flotation process for the removal of soluble organic materials from sewage treatment plant effluents. All effluents contained alkyl benzene sulfonates (ABS), derived from synthetic detergents. The studies were conducted on a laboratory scale. The reduction in the chemical oxygen demand was used as a measure of the effectiveness of the removal of the organic materials. In addition, ABS determinations were employed to study the fate of the detergent.

A flotation cell, equipped with the means of controlling the air and liquid flow rates, was used. Air flow …

A Study Of The Phase Behavior Of Carbon Dioxide-Methane-Normal Decane Systems, Raja Audi Mansoor

Masters Theses

“The effect of carbon dioxide concentration, on solubility has been studied for several carbon dioxide-methane-n-decane systems. Experimental results were obtained using differential vaporization tests. Computational results were obtained using equilibrium constants.

The relation between solubility, bubble point pressure and solution carbon dioxide is presented. A ternary diagram showing the bubble point pressure behavior as a function of system composition is also presented”--Abstract, page ii.

The Anodic Dissolution Of Cadmium In Aqueous Solution, Yun-Chung Sun

Masters Theses

"The increasing importance of prevention of corrosion in industry has stimulated extensive studies on the fundamental behavior of metals in corrosive media.

The basic mechanism of the anodic dissolution of metals such as cadmium, magnesium, and zinc in salt solutions is not completely known. Several mechanisms have been proposed by different investigators, but evidence is still lacking to draw unquestionable conclusions to explain the discrepancies which often arise between coulometric data and weight loss of metal electrodes in certain salt solutions.

The purpose of this investigation was to obtain experimental data for anodic dissolution of cadmium in various electrolytes and …

Mass Transfer To Droplets: Effect Of Non-Newtonian Continuous Phase., Hsin Chih Wu

Masters Theses

"Since non-Newtonian fluids are frequently encountered in the chemical and process industries, it is important that the transport processes which are commonly encountered be thoroughly investigated. Although studies of fluid mechanics and heat transfer with these fluids have been reported, virtually no work has been reported in the study of mass transfer. This is particularly true of mass transfer in turbulent flow.

The purpose of this investigation is to study the liquid-liquid mass transfer phenomenon in turbulent flow associated with single droplets in non-Newtonian continuous phases. The results are compared with those obtained in Newtonian systems. The data obtained will …

Study Of Mass Transfer In Oscillating Droplets., Subhash Vishnu Gangal

Masters Theses

"The object of this investigation was to study the resistance to mass transfer inside single oscillating liquid droplets falling in a liquid medium. The following four systems were studied: (1) 3% acetic acid in nitrobenzene and water, (2) 25% acetic acid in nitrobenzene and water, (3) 3% acetic acid in nitrobenzene and glycerin in water, and (4) benzyl alcohol and water. The individual mass transfer coefficients were computed by using the Handlos and Baron relation and were compared with the experimentally determined dispersed phase mass transfer coefficients. The average absolute deviation of the observed values of dispersed phase mass transferred …

The Prediction Of The Thermal Conductivity Of Various Binary Non-Polar Gaseous Mixtures., Chester Foon-Chen Feng

Masters Theses

"A simple method for predicting the thermal conductivity of binary non-polar gaseous mixtures from the force parameters of the pure components and composition was developed. The method is an extension of the application of the combining methods previously derived for viscosity predictions. Altogether, the published thermal conductivities of 683 binary non-polar mixtures at various temperature levels were compared with the corresponding calculated thermal conductivities resulting from the prediction method. The corresponding values predicted from Hirschfelder, Curtiss and Bird's expression were also compared.

Among the 683 binary mixtures, there were 138 di-di, di-poly, and poly-poly mixtures, 241 mono-

A Study Of The Separation Of A Mixture Of Carbon Dioxide And Hydrogen By Means Of An Orifice., Larry Gene Bauer

Masters Theses

"The purpose of the investigation was an attempt to verify a statement made by Partridge in an effort to discover a new method of separating gaseous mixtures. Partridge stated that when a constant pressure is applied on two gases of different specific gravity, a larger volume of the l igl1ter gas is forced through the orifice. Orifices of 1.016, 0.319, and 0.222 millimeter in diameter were used in the course of the investigation.

It was found that with the apparatus used in the research endeavor, no separation of the mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide could be obtained"--Abstract, p. i

Design, Construction And Characterization Of A 10-Liter Batch Pilot Plant Fermentor., Sylvester Ogden

Masters Theses

"A 10-liter batch type pilot plant fermentor has been designed and constructed. The design incorporated most of the desirable features of previous designs reported in the literature.

The stainless steel fermentor has a multi-speed agitator and aeration rates as high as 15 cubic feet per hour. Temperature indicating, temperature controlling, pH measuring, and automatic foam controlling systems are included in the design.

Sulfite oxidation rates have been determined for the unit at 15 operating conditions. A maximum sulfite oxidation rate of 1060 millimoles of oxygen per liter per hour has been obtained.

Fermentation using a Torulopsis utilis yeast culture has …

Separation Of Cationic And Colloidal Fractions Of Radioactive Fission Elements By Electrodialysis., Ronald Dean Mitchell

Masters Theses

"The rapid increase in radioisotope applicat i ons necessitates improved technology for separation and purification of the fission product elements. Electrodialysis techniques employing Permutit anion exchange membranes (3148) and cation exchange membranes (3142) were used to separate strontium from cesium and to fractionate cerium from promethium. The methods were based upon organic complex formations in basic solution.

Separations of radio strontium and radio cesium were affected with both anion and cation exchange membranes in a three-cell electro dialyzer with EDTA as a chelating agent at a pH of 11.0o Fractionation of radiocerium and radio promethium were affected with anion exchange …

The Submerged Culture Of Thiobacillus Thio-Oxidans In A Pilot Scale Fermentor, Edward Hibbert Crum

Masters Theses

"A strain of Thiobaci.llus thiooxidans was isolated from a West Virginia coal mine drainage. This strain was characterized by its production of sulfuric acid in shake flasks. The strain was also compared with a pure culture of h thiooxidans obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC number 8085).

The strain was grown in submerged culture in a 16-liter pilot scale fermenter. Two aeration systems, air and air enriched with carbon dioxide, were examined. The air enriched with carbon dioxide gave a much more rapid growth rate. The culture reached the mid-log phase of growth after 80 hours of incubation …

A Study Of The Eddy Diffusivity In Turbulent Heat Transfer, Frank Fu-Kun Tao

Doctoral Dissertations

"The purpose of this investigation was to determine the eddy thermal diffusivity values as a function of radial position at various Reynolds numbers for a fluid flowing turbulently in a pipe. The ratios of the eddy thermal diffusivity and the eddy viscosity were also investigated.

A vertical column of copper tube two inches in diameter was constructed which consisted of an entrance section for the development of the velocity profile and a heating section for the development of the temperature distribution. The heating section was jacketed and maintained at a constant wall temperature at about 103 ° F by the …

The Anodic Dissolution Of Zinc In Nitrate Solution., Jo Lisle Reed

Masters Theses

"The increasing demand for protective metals as coatings and non-corrosive alloys has stimulated extensive research on the fundamental behavior of metals in corrosive media.

One of the problems still unsolved is the nature of the mechanism of the anodic dissolution of metals like zinc, magnesium, beryllium, cadmium, and aluminum in aqueous salt solutions. Several schools of investigators have proposed different and opposing theories to explain the discrepancies which often arise between coulometric data and the weight loss of metal electrodes in certain salt solutions.

The purpose of this investigation was to obtain experimental data for the anodic dissolution of zinc …

Correlation Of Chemical Structure And Distensibility Of Polyesters., Nitin Jhaverbhai Bhimani

Masters Theses

"Maleic anhydride and fumaric acid are important raw materials for the manufacture of unsaturated polyesters. Unsaturated polyesters are the esterification products of unsaturated dibasic acids and polyvalent alcohols, polymerized to a high molecular weight resin"--Introduction, p. 1

The Prediction Of The Viscosity Of Multi-Component Non-Polar Gaseous Mixtures At Atmospheric Pressure., Gary D. Fehsenfeld

Masters Theses

"The applicability of the Strunk, Custead, and Stevenson method for predicting the viscosities of multicomponent, non-polar, gaseous mixtures vas investigated. The viscosities of 24 ternary and quaternary gaseous mixtures were experimentally determined, at 3 temperature levels, and compared with the corresponding calculated viscosities resulting from the prediction method. In addition, the published viscosities of 64 multicomponent mixtures were compared with the corresponding calculated viscosities.

Altogether, the viscosities of 136 multicomponent, non-polar, gaseous mixtures were compared. The mixtures contained from 3 to 7 components including 16 different gases in the temperature range from 5• to 1014 ° c, and at a …

The Design And Fabrication Of A Cell To Measure The Thermal Conductivity Of Viscous Fluids, Donald William Hagedorn

Theses

The purpose of this investigation was to design and construct a device to measure the thermal conductivity of viscous fluids. The thermal conductivity data obtained with this device will be used in later work on predicting film coefficients of heat transfer to non-Newtonian fluids.

A cell of the concentric cylinder type was fabricated. Main features of the cell are: two concentric bronze cylinders separated by a 1/8 inch annular space, a central water capable of producing a 10° C temperature gradient in the annular space, and two guard heaters on individual rheostats to control the end looses. The temperatures are …

Slow Compression Crushing Of Glass In Fluids, Peter Joseph Lucchesi

Theses

Generally only a small fraction of the energy used in crushing, on the order of 1 or 2%, appears as new surface energy in the product. The purpose of this work was to determine if higher efficiencies could be achieved by the use of different fluids surrounding the particle during crushing.

Single particles of solid glass cylinders, standing on. end, were crushed by slow compression in the presence of air, water, methanol, carbon tetrachloride, and glycerol. No effect was found with the various fluids even when considerable pressure was developed in the surrounding fluid in some of the glycerol experiments. …

Carbon Tetrachloride-Xylene Equilibria, Michael Jay Ram

Theses

The liquid-liquid equilibria of the ternary systems carbon tetra-chloride-xylene-propylene glycol and carbon tetrachloride-xylene-diethylene glycol were investigated. The effectiveness of the glycols as selective solvents for xylene was represented by a plot of weight ratio xylene to carbon tetrachloride in each phase. It was found that the diethylene glycol was the better of the two solvents at concentrations resulting in more than 75% xylene in the xylene-carbon tetrachloride rich layer. At the lower xylene concentrations the propylene glycol was found more effective as a selective solvent.

Separation Of Mononitrotoluenes By Clathration, Eugene Ivashkiv

Theses

Thirty-one Werner-type compounds have been prepared, at least 10 of which were not previously investigated. Manganus tetra(4-methylpyridine)dithiocyanate, zinc tetra(4-methylpyridine)dithiocyanate, ferrous tetra(4-methylyridine)dithiocyanate, nickel tetra(4-methylpyridine)dithiocyanate and nickel tetra(pyridine) dithiocyanate can be used for clathration of mononitrotoluenes. The best results have been obtained with the complex formed between nickel dithiocyanate and l-methylpyridine. Three clathration stanges are needed to obtain 99 percent pure para-nitrotoluene. A clathration efficiency of 60 percent has been achieved per stage. A new process for the recovery of clathrated compounds has been developed. Clathration can be carried out as a cyclic process without the complex consumption when the developed method …

Electromotive Deposition, Storage And Dissolution Of Active Hydrogen Upon Carbon Electrodes, Joseph Gabriel Di Masi

Theses

The electromotive deposition, storage and dissolution of hydrogen upon carbon electrodes having real surface areas varying from one meter²/ gram to one-hundred ten meters²/ gram vas inves-tigated.

It has been found that a correlation exists between hydrogen storage and real area of the inner electrode. However, it has been further shown that storage of electromotive hydrogen is only for short periods of time, that is, several hours.