Digital Commons Network^™

A Computer Program For Multicomponent Distillation From Start Up To Steady State, Leo Julian

Theses

A computer program is presented which develops for a multicomponent distillation column a composition and temperature profile as a function of time from initial start-up to steady-state conditions.

The program is written in Kingston Fortran II language for use on an IBM 1620 II machine. It is a Thiele-Geddes type solution, i.e. the total number of plates, feed plate, overhead and bottoms split are specified and the solution gives plate. compositions and temperatures. The material balance at any time is based on the composition at the previous time, increased (or decreased) by the net quantity added and removed as a …

Approximation Of Reaction Rate Models, Hsu-Tung Lee

Theses

In reaction rate studies, experimental data is interpreted and correlated in terms of various mathematical models. The converse of the modeling of practical problems is the task- of experimental determination of reaction mechanisms. Generally, this approach is classified into integral and differential methods. Both involve trial and error techniques. The mathematical model which satisfies the test becomes the equation for mechanistic representation.

Both the integral and differential methods have been tried. Generally speaking, the differential method is more advantageous than the integral. For one thing, the parameters which are involved in the nodal can be determined directly by the differential …

The Measurement Of Dispersion Coefficients, John Harold Rosenberger

Theses

This work describes a method of determining axial dispersion coefficients in a packed bed chemical reactor. This is done by measurement of the fractional conversion of acetic anhydride to acetic acid, by first order reaction in dilute solution. The reaction is carried out at various flow rates in a four inch diameter reactor packed with one-half inch Raschig rings. analysis is by the aniline-rater method. Calculation of the dispersion coefficients is by trial using a digital computer. The results are presented graphically and compared to results obtained by other methods. The results of this study are found to correspond to …

Trace Element Content Of Magnetites And Hematites, Southeast Missouri Iron Metallogenic Province, Usa, Geza Kisvarsany, Paul Dean Proctor

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Six major and numerous smaller Precambrian iron deposits of mag-matic origin occur in the volcanic rocks of the Southeast Missouri Iron Metallogenic Province in an area approximately 70 miles long and 40 miles wide. The Precambrian igneous complex is composed of mainly high silica, with some intermediate, volcanic rocks intruded by granitic rocks and some diorites and gabbros. Biotite schists occur locally. Some of the volcanic and intrusive rocks are characterized by an unusual abundance of alkali metals. Local enrichments in fluorite, calcite, and iron oxides are present. The shapes of the iron deposits range from massive tabular to irregular. …

Potassium T-Butoxide-Initiated Elimination On Substrate 1,1,2-Trimethoxyethane, James Waldron

Theses

1-bromo-2,2-dimethoxyethane (I) was prepared in 68% yield from the addition of bromine to a solution of vinyl acetate and methanol. A Williamson ether synthesis, using sodium methoxide in methanol and I, gave 1,1,2-trimethoxyethane (II) in 48% yield. The compound (II) was the desired substrate for elimination reactions because it contains poor leaving alkoxide groups.

Many different reactions were investigated to convert II into 1,2-dimethoxyethylene. Among these were pyrolysis, acid catalyzed eliminations, and base initiated elimination reactions.

Best results were obtained using a bomb reactor, compound II as substrate, and potassium t-butoxide as the base. From this reaction, tertiary-butyl methyl ether, …

Ball Milling Of Non-Newtonian Dispersions, Barry S. Miller

Theses

This investigation attempts to obtain a better understanding of flow behavior of a pigmented dispersion in a ball mill.

A power-law fluid model was used to approximate the rheological behavior of the milled fluid. To correlate power data on each of 276 milled dispersions, this model was used together with power number, Reynolds number, Froude number; and some geometrical variables.

Laboratory size stainless steel jars containing stainless steel balls from 1/8 to 3/4 inches in diameter were used to Mill a pigment/binder/solvent system at various speeds for different periods of time.

A correlation of power number as a function of …

The Frequency Response Analysis Of A Reboiler-Condenser Under Condensate Control, Douglas F. Ready

Theses

In this investigation, the dynamics of a reboiler-condenser pair, with the reboiler operating under condensate control, were analyzed both theoretically and experimentally, and the results of the two analyses compared.

The theoretical analysis was performed using the standard method of Laplace transform transfer function synthesis.

The experimental study consisted of a frequency response analysis of the system response to sinusoidal variations of the steam condensate rejection rate.

Two mathematical models were developed, one quite rigorous but extremely cumbersome, the other neglecting all but the most important factors for the sake of simplicity.

The experimental data (in the form of Bode …

The Effects Of Additive And Surface-Active Agents On Interphase Mass Transfer In A Solid-Liquid System, Gim Tan

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

Study of the effects of contaminants on interface mass transfer in fluid-fluid systems has been the object of many recent theoretical and experimental investigations. The investigators’ common hope of finding a unified theory to explain the action of surfactants has not been accomplished. Instead, many different and conflicting theories have been advanced to explain the experimental results. The present investigation was undertaken to study the effects of contaminants on liquid phase mass transfer in a solid-liquid system. The theoretical and experimental model chosen for the present case was that of a flat disk rotating in a quiescent fluid. The rotating-disk …

Recovery Of Copper By Liquid Ion-Exchange, Bipinchandra V. Vora

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

In 1955 the United States Atomic Energy Commission declassified certain information regarding solvent extraction (1). Since then the liquid ion-exchange process, sometimes known as liquid-liquid extraction, has become significant method tor the recovery of pure metals from low grade ores. This process has achieved its greatest success in the uranium industry (2).

Vaporization Through Porous Membranes, Marshall E. Findley

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Mixtures may be evaporated from one interface of a Non wettable porous membrane with diffusion through the vapor-filled pores and condensation at the other interface of the membrane, by a sufficiently higher temperature on the mixture side maintained by a heat supply to the mixture and heat removal from the condensate equal to the latent heat transferred with vapor plus heat transferred by conduction. This permits essentially infinite-stage flash evaporation at constant liquid pressures, either with diffusion through Non condensable gases in the pores, or with vapor flow at a lower pressure than liquid pressures, but with liquids excluded from …

Melt Rheological Properties Of A Filled Polyethylene, George Lewis Levy

Theses

A procedure was developed to convert shear stress at various melt temperatures into a computed shear stress at a constant temperature in an isothermal system.

The isothermal shear stress was first analyzed at an equilibrium condition before time induced stress reduction for

1) the temperature dependency of shear stress

2) non-newtonian flow behavior

3) a relationship between the independent variables of shear rate, filler concentration and temperature, and shear stress.

A statistical analysis was performed on the data to find an empirical relationship between shear stress and the independent variables, at any time, under stress, for unfilled and filled high …

Carburizing Of Steel Using "Cracked" Methane, Robert Alvin Hesse

Theses

An attempt was made to carburize steel using cracked methane, industrial terminology for methane burned in air over a catalyst to give carbon monoxide and hydrogen, as the carburizing agent. Initial tests in a laboratory scale furnace using steel in chip form showed that, the feasibility of this method was excellent. These tests also indicated that a good method of control of the carburizing would be by a system that could measure the dew point of the gases introduced into the furnace. The next step was to apply the method of carburizing to small production size lots of bearing components. …

Hot‐Film Anemometry Measurements Of Turbulence In Pipe Flow: Organic Solvents, Gary Kent Patterson, Jacques L. Zakin

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Longitudinal turbulence intensities, autocorrelations, and energy spectra have been measured in the flow of toluene, benzene, and cyclohexane in smooth, round 1‐ and 2‐in. I.D. tubes. These measurements were made with a constant‐temperature hot‐film anemometer and covered radial positions from the center to r/a = 0.85 in the 2‐in. tube and to r/a = 0.75 in the 1‐in. tube. The turbulence intensity data were found to be similar to those obtained for air in a 10‐in. pipe by Laufer. A slight diameter effect was observed, the intensities in the 1‐in. tube being slightly lower than those in the 2‐in. tube …

The Role Of The Doctor Of Engineering Degree In Graduate Education, Wouter Bosch, Robert E. Carlile

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

The Mechanism Of The Electrooxidation Of Acetylene On Gold, James W. Johnson, J. L. Reed, William Joseph James

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Acetylene has been oxidized anodically in aqueous solutions at 80 °C on gold electrodes. It was found that the partial oxidation to CO₂ was accompanied by a polymer formation. Effects of potential, acetylene partial pressure, pH, and temperature on the rate (current) were measured. A discontinuity in the Tafel curves was noted that indicated a change in the reaction mechanism with potential. The discontinuity was also pH dependent. A mechanism involving the discharge of H₂O and/or OH− has been proposed that is consistent with the experimental results. © 1967, The Electrochemical Society, Inc. All rights reserved.

Continuous Countercurrent Evaporation Through Porous Water-Repellent Membrane With Pressure Above Atmospheric, Yung C. Hsu

Masters Theses

"An experimental method for measuring mass transfer rates at pressures above atmospheric has been developed for the case of continuous countercurrent evaporation through porous water-repellent membranes. The final developed equipment is suitable for operation under pressures up to 50 psig and at temperatures near the boiling point of 7% salt water when high flow rates are reached. Rates of evaporation of water through the membrane were measured, and the data and results were used to examine the effects of operating conditions on the over-all mass transfer resistance. Least squares equations for fitting the data were also obtained. Over-all mass transfer …

Variation In Gold Content Of Minerals Of The Marysville Quartz Diorite Stock, Montana, Erwin J. Mantei, Arthur H. Brownlow

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Neutron activation analysis for gold has been carried out on 135 mineral samples from throughout the Marysville stock with the following results: (1) the gold content of 44 biotite ranges from 0·002 to 0·924 ppm with an average of 0·076 ppm; (2) 37 hornblende samples gave a range of 0·003-0·823 ppm and an average of 0·100 ppm; (3) for 44 magnetite samples the range was 0·003-0·329 ppm and the average 0·037 ppm; (4) 10 quartz-feldspar samples varied from 0·006 to 0·176 ppm with an average of 0·065 ppm. High gold values mainly occur near the edge of the stock and …

The Effect Of Concentration On The Viscosity Of Dilute And Moderately Concentrated Polymer Solutions, Hwa Luh

Masters Theses

"The effect of concentration on the viscosity of dilute and moderately concentrated polymer solutions was studied for eight narrow molecular weight polystyrene samples (900

Analog Simulation Of A Plug Flow Tubular Reactor, Jon Douglas Carson

Masters Theses

"This thesis stresses the importance of analog and digital computers in the field of reaction kinetics. The analog computer is used to simulate a chemical reaction, the hydrolysis of acetic anhydride. The hydrolysis reaction takes place in a tubular reactor. The reactor is 3/4 inch in diameter and 20 feet long. These reactor dimensions allow the reaction system to approach plug flow, if the reactants flow through the reactor at turbulent flow rates. The physical, reactor, system is used to obtain experimental data for the hydrolysis reaction. The data is obtained at reactor temperatures between 75 and 100°F. Feed concentrations …

Radial Pressure Gradient In Turbulent Pipe Flow, Gary Kent Patterson, Walter J. Ewbank, Virgil A. Sandborn

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Measurements made with a Prandtl static pressure probe have demonstrated that a radial pressure gradient does exist in turbulent pipe flow with approximately the magnitude predicted by Sandborn from hot-wire anemometry measurements.

Handlos And Baron Model: Short Contact Times, J. Patel, Robert M. Wellek

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

The Anodic Dissolution Of Cadmium, James W. Johnson, E. Deng, S. C. Lai, William Joseph James

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The anodic dissolution of cadmium has been studied in aqueous solutions containing Cl−, Br−, I−, Ac−, SO₄=, and NO3− ions. The normal valence (+2) was found in all solutions with the exception of NO₃−. The apparent valence (calculated) of cadmium ions in nitrate solutions varied from 1.2 to 2.0 and was found to be a function of NO₃− concentration, current density, and temperature. An anodic dissolution mechanism has been proposed involving local corrosion and disintegration of the anode which is consistent with the experimental results. © 1967, The Electrochemical Society, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Effect Of Concentration On The Viscosities Of Solutions Of Linear Flexible High Polymers, Lung Yu Chou, Jacques L. Zakin

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Viscosity-concentration results in the moderately concentrated range for four samples of polyisobutylene (molecular weights of 1.3 x 104 to 1.0 x 106) in cyclohexane (concentrations up to 4.7 g./dl.) and in benzene (concentrations up to 7.0 g./dl.) at 24°C. (a theta solvent) showed molecular weight and goodness of solvent dependencies similar to those reported earlier for three other polymers. For polyisobutylene, polystyrene, and a copolymer of styrene and methyl methaerylate in good solvents, viscosity-concentration data plotted as ηsp. C[η] vs. k′[η]C fit a single curve. The linear region of this curve suggests that the Huggins equation is useful to C[η] …

The Relation Of Heat Transfer To Mass Transfer In Vaporization Through Porous Membranes., Chung-Liang Yeh

Masters Theses

"The object of this investigation was to study the mass and heat transport phenomena through porous, water-repellent membranes. The investigation concerned the rate of vaporization of salt water at a porous membrane surface, mass transfer of vapor through the pores of the membrane, condensation of vapor on the other surface of the membrane in contact with a coolant (fresh water), and the undesired heat transfer by conduction through the membrane. The water-repellent membrane separated the two liquid phases by surface tension forces and provided a vapor phase in its pores. Membranes made of fiberglass and Teflon had been found suitable …

Some Aspects Of Transient Flow Behavior In Artesian Aquifers And In Hydrocarbon Reservoirs Surrounded By Artesian Aquifers, Alton John Nute

Masters Theses

"An analysis of the principal theories concerning the transient movement of water in artesian aquifers and from artesian aquifers into hydrocarbon reservoirs is presented. Various analytical methods which can be applied to depict the behavior of these two types of aquifer systems are compared.

Most aquifer studies to date have been based upon the Thesis Non-Equilibrium Formula. This equation has been used to calculate the coefficients of storage and transmissibility for aquifers; to evaluate well performance; and to investigate problems concerning recharge, movement, and discharge of aquifer water. However, one problem which still remains is that of accurately predicting the …

A Study Of Surface And Geometric Effects On The Nucleate Boiling Of Liquid Nitrogen And Liquid Argon From Atmospheric To The Critical Pressure, Calvin Benson Cobb

Doctoral Dissertations

"A maximum heat flux correlation was derived for corresponding states liquids and subsequently verified by the data collected in this study as well as data presented in the literature. By applying this correlation, one can predict maximum heat flux values at high pressures from maximum heat flux values measured at low pressures; however, to apply the correlation it is necessary to have at least one maximum heat flux value and the saturation temperature at which it was determined.

Contrary to existing correlations, it is shown that for any nucleate boiling heat transfer correlation to be truly general, it must include …

A Structural Investigation Of Bismuth Ferrate And The Bifeo₃-Pbzro₃-Pbtio₃ Ternary System, Gary D. Achenbach

Doctoral Dissertations

"Solid state reaction of Bi₂O₃ · Fe₂O₃ mixtures was shown to yield impure bismuth ferrate, BiFeO₃, containing Bi₂Fe₄O₉ and residual Bi₂O₃; this places the results of much of the literature based on BiFeO₃ prepared by this technique in suspect. Single phase polycrystalline BiFeO₃ was prepared by multiple nitric acid leaching of sintered samples which contained excess Bi₂O₃ to prevent the formation of Bi₂Fe₄O₉ during sintering. X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data indicate that …

Numerical Approximation To Performance Predictions Of Gas-Drive Reservoir With Or Without Gas-Cap And Gas Injection, Jagannath Rao Ghole

Doctoral Dissertations

"The pressure-saturation transient history for a hydrocarbon reservoir is solved for solution-gas, gas-cap and injected-gas drives assuming the saturation-pressure variations depicted by Muskat, under specific restrictive assumptions. A prototype reservoir system and its transient pressure saturation distribution under production is systemized on an IBM 360-Model 40 Computer which allows the definition of the transient behavior of saturation with pressure declination and fluid withdrawal for preassigned initial saturations of the oil, water and gas phases. This analysis is then modified for the existence of a gas-cap and for the re-injection of produced gas volumes for pressure maintenance considerations and the ensuing …

The Amino Acid And Monosaccharide Content Of The Cell Walls Of Thiobacillus Thiooxidans, Edward Hibbert Crum

Doctoral Dissertations

"The objectives of this investigation were: (a) to culture large quantities of Thiobacillus thiooxidans cells, (b) to find an acceptable method of rupturing the cells, (c) to find an acceptable method of isolating the cell walls, and (d) to analyze the cell wall components, especially the amino acid and sugar components. The strain of T. thiooxidans used for this investigation was American Type Culture Collection Number 8085. The surface active agents Tergitol 08 and Tween 80 were investigated for their ability to reduce the lag period found in the growth of T. thiooxidans. Although a concentration of 12.5 ppm Tween …

Study Of Mass Transfer Through Porous Water-Repellent Membrane As A Function Of Membrane Thickness And Rates Of Heating, Yalamanchili Babu Rao

Masters Theses

"The object of this investigation was to study the mass transfer coefficients through porous water-repellent membranes, and their dependence on membrane thickness and rates of heating, and to compare experimental correlations with theoretically based equations. The membranes used during the experimental work were made of glass fiber treated with Teflon suspension and aluminum sulfate. The mechanism involves evaporation and condensation on opposite sides of a vapor-filled porous membrane. Salt water evaporates from one interface of a non-wettable, porous membrane, diffuses through the vapor filled pores, and condenses to fresh water at the other interface of the membrane. This transfer may …