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A Blueprint For Future Achievements For Nonprofits, William B. Calder Jun 2024

A Blueprint For Future Achievements For Nonprofits, William B. Calder

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Nonprofit organizations hire strong leaders to articulate a vivid and persuasive picture of how the organization will be better, in a significant way, than what currently exists. Leaders should not underestimate the use of a powerful vision, as it is needed to help define the issues and challenges for stakeholders (inside and outside the organization). Leaders need to describe what success looks like and continue to task all stakeholders to assist in building the “dream.”

Operational and staffing challenges are more difficult for NPOs without an articulated, compelling, and concise vision statement. The resultant costs of not having this statement …


A Study Of Big Bath Practices In The Egyptian Capital Market: An Emphasis On Ceo Turnover And Origin, Engy Elhawary, Rasha Elbolok, Dina Hassouna Jun 2024

A Study Of Big Bath Practices In The Egyptian Capital Market: An Emphasis On Ceo Turnover And Origin, Engy Elhawary, Rasha Elbolok, Dina Hassouna

Business Administration

Purpose – This study aims to investigate how major big bath accounting practices and CEO turnover in Egypt relate to one another, as well as the first to use the CEO’s origin as a moderating factor.

Design/methodology/approach – This study uses 10-year longitudinal data from 2012 to 2021 and 290 firm-year observations from Egypt’s listed nonfinancial firms that witnessed CEO turnover to identify the significant big bath accounting practices in Egyptian businesses after the Egyptian revolution and the COVID-19 pandemic. Using fixed and random effect models, the authors investigate the impact of CEO turnover on company earnings during the first …


Research Summaries: Artificial Intelligence And Data For Nonprofits, Erica Jensen Jun 2024

Research Summaries: Artificial Intelligence And Data For Nonprofits, Erica Jensen

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

No abstract provided.


Mobility Index Towards Heritage Tourism Area, Case Study: Borobudur, Prambanan, And Ratu Boko, Kurniawan Pungki Aji, Andyka Kusuma, Efendhi Prih Raharjo Jun 2024

Mobility Index Towards Heritage Tourism Area, Case Study: Borobudur, Prambanan, And Ratu Boko, Kurniawan Pungki Aji, Andyka Kusuma, Efendhi Prih Raharjo

Smart City

Mobility has become a crucial factor in transportation management, especially in the tourism sector. It is a key indicator of the performance of transportation infrastructure and people's response to it. To evaluate mobility in tourist areas, there is a need for tools to represent its value. In this study, the concept of an index as a measure of performance is applied, gathering information into a simpler and more mutually agreeable form. The cultural heritage sites of Borobudur, Prambanan, and Ratu Boko are chosen as an ideal study location due to their popularity internationally. Given the limitations of previous research on …


Bibliometric Research Of Postgraduate Theses On Technology Acceptance Model Prepared In The Field Of Tourism, Mustafa Said Kocabıyık, Engin Deniz Eriş Jun 2024

Bibliometric Research Of Postgraduate Theses On Technology Acceptance Model Prepared In The Field Of Tourism, Mustafa Said Kocabıyık, Engin Deniz Eriş

Journal of Mediterranean Tourism Research

Within the scope of the study, 16 postgraduate theses published in the field of tourism between 2000 and 2023 were examined within the framework of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) concept. In line with the study, it is aimed to reveal 23-year research trends in the field of tourism. The investigations were carried out within the scope of "Technology Acceptance Model" in the Thesis Center database of the Presidency of the Higher Education Institution and the data obtained from the studies were classified. Studies obtained; It is presented with parameters according to years, number of publications, thesis type, place where …


Am I Underpaid Because I Am An Immigrant? Exploring The Lived Experiences Of The Skilled Temporary Worker Visa Holders In Stem Occupations In The American Workplace, Aynur Charkasova, Ahmed Al-Asfour Jun 2024

Am I Underpaid Because I Am An Immigrant? Exploring The Lived Experiences Of The Skilled Temporary Worker Visa Holders In Stem Occupations In The American Workplace, Aynur Charkasova, Ahmed Al-Asfour

Online Journal for Workforce Education and Development

Whether documented or undocumented, migrant workers have always been in the center of significant debate in the United States. The presence of high-skilled immigrant workers receives constant attention amid immigration policy discussions. In the United States, the demand for temporary workers has doubled since the 1990s, particularly in the wake of the technology boom. Many employers have found temporary worker visa programs useful for hiring foreign talent in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) occupations. While skilled immigration provides benefits for the American workforce, there are concerns about the impact of skilled immigration on native workers and wage inequality.This study …


Factors Affecting Revisit Intentions At Spiritual-Cultural Tourist Destinations In Vietnam, Vien Van Vu, Cong Chi Le, Thinh Van Nguyen Jun 2024

Factors Affecting Revisit Intentions At Spiritual-Cultural Tourist Destinations In Vietnam, Vien Van Vu, Cong Chi Le, Thinh Van Nguyen

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

This study explores and tests the different factors affecting the revisit intentions of visitors to spiritual-cultural tourist destinations in Vietnam. A sample of 460 tourists participated in the study, which used AMOS software to test the relationship between the constructs and evaluate their reliability and validity. The research findings confirm that tourist satisfaction helps mediate the relationship between each emotional factor and visitors’ intentions to revisit spiritual-cultural sites. Four factors influencing tourist satisfaction in Vietnam are: (1) individual learning and research needs; (2) personal preference; (3) perceived value of site; and (4) religious belief. The fi ndings from the tests …


Pilgrimage In The Covid-19 Era: Uncovering Supply Side Challenges And Opportunities In Media Representations, Reni Polus, Ismail Shaheer, Naresh P. Nayak Jun 2024

Pilgrimage In The Covid-19 Era: Uncovering Supply Side Challenges And Opportunities In Media Representations, Reni Polus, Ismail Shaheer, Naresh P. Nayak

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

Pilgrimage travel, a common practice across major religions, has historically exhibited remarkable resilience to global crises, owing to the unwavering conviction of its followers. However, the COVID-19 pandemic marked a significant departure from this trend, disrupting pilgrimage tourism, unlike any event since World War II. Despite extensive research on the pandemic’s impact on tourism, limited attention has been directed towards understanding its specific effects on pilgrimage travel. This study seeks to address this gap by examining the challenges and opportunities faced by pilgrimage tourism suppliers in the aftermath of COVID-19. To obtain a comprehensive global perspective, we collected and analysed …


Sentiment Analysis In Relation To Jordan’S Churches - For The Promotion Of Christian Pilgrimage And Religious Tourism In Jordan, Malek Bader Jun 2024

Sentiment Analysis In Relation To Jordan’S Churches - For The Promotion Of Christian Pilgrimage And Religious Tourism In Jordan, Malek Bader

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

Jordan has many famous tourist destinations of Christian importance, but it is unable to attract many Christian pilgrimage tourists. With churches being the epicenter for Christian pilgrimage tourists, an effort was made to understand the sentiments of the people towards the churches of Jordan. A VADER sentiment analysis was performed on 1,758 tweets after biased data removal and data pre-processing of Twitter data for one year. The results showed that 56% of people had positive sentiments, 27% had neutral sentiments, and only 17% had negative sentiments towards the churches of Jordan. The most frequently appearing words in the total word …


The Academic Influence Of The Camino De Santiago: A Bibliometric Analysis Of Doctoral Research And Indexed Manuscripts, Silvia Díaz-De La Fuente, Virginia Ahedo, María Pilar Alonso Abad, José Manuel Galán Jun 2024

The Academic Influence Of The Camino De Santiago: A Bibliometric Analysis Of Doctoral Research And Indexed Manuscripts, Silvia Díaz-De La Fuente, Virginia Ahedo, María Pilar Alonso Abad, José Manuel Galán

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

The Camino de Santiago is one of the most recognised cultural pilgrimage routes in the world. Notably, its current influence transcends the strictly inspirational and religious aspects, constituting also a socio-economic, cultural, historical, heritage and tourism cornerstone. This paper analyses, from an innovative bibliometric perspective, the influence of the Camino de Santiago on the academic literature in the period from 1980 to the present. For this purpose, two data sources have been used comparatively: manuscripts indexed in Scopus and doctoral theses. The results reveal a growth of its academic relevance in the last decade, especially in indexed publications. The analysis …


Improving Anti-Hypertensive Medication Taking: The Direct And Interacting Effects Of Perceived Adherence Difficulty, Adherence Knowledge, And Commitment To Adherence, Yazhen Xiao, Alessandra S. Gessl, Cheryl Nakata, Jelena Spanjol, Stephanie Y. Crawford, Lisa K. Sharp, Anna S. Cui Jun 2024

Improving Anti-Hypertensive Medication Taking: The Direct And Interacting Effects Of Perceived Adherence Difficulty, Adherence Knowledge, And Commitment To Adherence, Yazhen Xiao, Alessandra S. Gessl, Cheryl Nakata, Jelena Spanjol, Stephanie Y. Crawford, Lisa K. Sharp, Anna S. Cui

Business Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background Non-adherence to anti-hypertensive medications is prevalent, leading to increased hospital costs and preventable deaths and disabilities. Managing patient perceptions of adherence difficulties may be key to improving adherence. Objective This study examined the potential negative effect of patients’ perceived difficulties with anti-hypertensive medication taking on adherence, along with whether and how that effect could be reduced through patient knowledge of and commitment to adherence. Method 10,867 adult U.S. residents diagnosed with essential hypertension and prescribed anti-hypertensive medications participated in a cross-sectional online survey using self-reported behaviors and perceptions. Stepwise regressions and mean difference analyses were performed. Results Perceived adherence …


Empathy And Political Skill: Improving Salespeople’S Value Enhancing Behavior Performance, Megan C. Good, Charles H. Schwepker Jr. Jun 2024

Empathy And Political Skill: Improving Salespeople’S Value Enhancing Behavior Performance, Megan C. Good, Charles H. Schwepker Jr.

Journal of Applied Marketing Theory

Little is known about the interface between empathy and political skill in sales. This study develops a model to reflect these characteristics and their impact on performance. Results from a study of 240 B2B salespeople contradict the a priori assumption that empathy may not be positively related to sales performance and challenge existing stereotypes that salespeople are not empathetic. Importantly, the findings show sellers employing empathy can generate enhanced outcomes. Also, this study extends our understanding that utilizing political influence spreads the benefit of empathy beyond the impact itself. Politically skilled B2B salespeople can better understand and display their empathy …


Business Operators’ Perception Of The Impact Of The Portuguese Way Of St. James, Paula Remoaldo, Eduardo Duque, Vítor Ribeiro, José Cadima Ribeiro, Hélder Silva Lopes, Sandro Ferreira, Cátia Faria Jun 2024

Business Operators’ Perception Of The Impact Of The Portuguese Way Of St. James, Paula Remoaldo, Eduardo Duque, Vítor Ribeiro, José Cadima Ribeiro, Hélder Silva Lopes, Sandro Ferreira, Cátia Faria

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

This research aims to analyse business operators’ perception of the impact of the Portuguese Way of St. James and to assess the landscape situation along a total section of 115 kilometres. Perceptions were collected in a survey of 112 small operators between 2020 and 2021. The diversity and singular components of the landscape make it a pleasant route to experience, where pilgrims have the possibility to improve wellbeing, and enjoy the landscape. Operators have profited from the significant increase in the number of pilgrims walking along the Way and claim that they aim to continue their operations.


Review Of: The Politics Of Religious Tourism, Edited By Dino Bozonelos And Polyxeni Moira, Maria Laura Gasparini Jun 2024

Review Of: The Politics Of Religious Tourism, Edited By Dino Bozonelos And Polyxeni Moira, Maria Laura Gasparini

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

Review of: Bozonelos, D. and Moira. P. (Eds.) (2023) The Politics of Religious Tourism. Published by CABI, Oxfordshire, UK, 2023. Hardback: ISBN-13: 9781800621718, 248 pages - DOI: 10.1079/9781800621732.0000. Price: EUR 115.00 (Hardcover).


Whose Opinions Do We Listen To? The Influence Of Online Product Ratings And Price On Consumers, David Ackerman, Jing Hu, Barbara L. Gross Jun 2024

Whose Opinions Do We Listen To? The Influence Of Online Product Ratings And Price On Consumers, David Ackerman, Jing Hu, Barbara L. Gross

Journal of Applied Marketing Theory

User-generated reviews have become important to consumers in evaluating market offerings and making purchase decisions. This study takes an overall look at the evolving sources of information from which consumers draw to get information about products and services and focuses specifically on an electronics product, a smart phone. We examine the influence of online product ratings and reviews on consumers. Results from data analysis found that online consumer ratings may have more of an impact on consumers than do the ratings of experts. Consumers were more likely to purchase products receiving high ratings from consumers despite receiving low ratings from …


Emerging Themes Regarding Customer Perception Of A Third-Party Online Food Delivery Provider And The Implications For Operators, Shian-Lih Chen Mccain, Jeff Lolli, Emma Liu Jun 2024

Emerging Themes Regarding Customer Perception Of A Third-Party Online Food Delivery Provider And The Implications For Operators, Shian-Lih Chen Mccain, Jeff Lolli, Emma Liu

Journal of Applied Marketing Theory

This study discusses third-party online food delivery providers' (OFDPs) continuing dominance post-pandemic and provides recommendations for providers and foodservice operators by analyzing customer comments regarding a third-party OFDP. Thematic Analysis, a data-driven inductive approach, was applied in this study to identify four emergent themes. 1) App Technology- Oriented Quality Attributes, 2) App Service-Oriented Quality Attributes, 3) Delivery Person’s Performance, and 4) Restaurant Food Quality. Technology-Oriented Quality Attributes had the highest frequency of mentions (533), followed by Deliverer’s Performance (531), Service-Oriented Quality Attributes (524), and Restaurant Food Quality (115) for a total of 1,703 mentions of which 461(27%) were positive and …


Understanding Course Success In Mandated Online Learning: The Role Of Computer And Computer- Mediated Communication Anxiety, Chris Zimmer Jun 2024

Understanding Course Success In Mandated Online Learning: The Role Of Computer And Computer- Mediated Communication Anxiety, Chris Zimmer

Journal of Applied Marketing Theory

Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, many universities shifted to fully online learning. This study contributes to the existing online learning literature by examining the connection between course success, student engagement, and levels of computer and computer-mediated communication anxiety. The research delves into understanding the impact of anxiety on course engagement and the relationship between engagement and overall course success. Regression analyses were used to test hypotheses, revealing an interaction between computer anxiety and computer-mediated communication anxiety. The study underscores the importance of student engagement with course materials, particularly for assignments that require higher-order thinking. In contrast, objective quizzes and tests that …


When Consumer Brand Advocacy Goes Bad: A Study Of Key Drivers Of Extreme, Negative Activism, Esta D. Shah, Julia E. Blose, Reagan C. Kilpatrick Jun 2024

When Consumer Brand Advocacy Goes Bad: A Study Of Key Drivers Of Extreme, Negative Activism, Esta D. Shah, Julia E. Blose, Reagan C. Kilpatrick

Journal of Applied Marketing Theory

This paper uses an active, two-party political landscape in the U.S. as a testing ground to study the effects of an individual’s level of perceived political identification, fantasy proneness, and conspiracy mentality as possible antecedents of extreme, negative activism (e.g. attacking a police officer) undertaken to protect one’s brand community. Two independent, national surveys conducted one week prior to the November 2020 presidential election (N=481) and again in March 2021 after the presidential transition (N=465) allowed us to study the relationship between the three variables among U.S. citizens with liberal or conservative perceived political identifications, and measure likelihood to engage …


Embracing Change With Power And Love: Shifting Organizational Paradigms Leveraging Systems Thinking, Brandi R. Muñoz Jun 2024

Embracing Change With Power And Love: Shifting Organizational Paradigms Leveraging Systems Thinking, Brandi R. Muñoz

Tapestry: Journal of Research in Education

This article delves into the complexities of organizational change, emphasizing the critical roles of power and love in facilitating successful transitions. It distinguishes between the generative and degenerative effects of power and love within organizational contexts and underscores the importance of balancing these elements to foster collaboration, innovation, and sustainable change. Furthermore, the principles of systems thinking are highlighted, advocating for a holistic approach to understanding and analyzing organizational systems. The interconnectedness of system components and the necessity of feedback loops for informed decision-making and strategic planning are examined. Additionally, the article discusses the detrimental impact of overconfidence bias on …


The New China Model: Combating Economic And Political Order, Jack R. Swords Jun 2024

The New China Model: Combating Economic And Political Order, Jack R. Swords

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

Contemporary world politics centers around the actions of the two largest powers on Earth, the United States and China. They are both each other’s greatest adversary yet at the same time are each other’s largest trading partners. This thesis explores the nature of China’s economic climate that has seen it grow to one of the world’s foremost powers. However, the East Asian Nation faces economic challenges centered around the three D’s: Debt, Deflation, and Demographics. This thesis analyses what the nature of these challenges are and how China is responding to them within the ever-advancing world of economic and political …


Assessing Smart Nation Singapore As An International Model For Ai Responsibility, Philip L. Frana Jun 2024

Assessing Smart Nation Singapore As An International Model For Ai Responsibility, Philip L. Frana

International Journal on Responsibility

While AI and other smart technologies greatly contribute to material aspects of well-being, there are concerns that they threaten quality of life in Singapore. Smart technologies and digital governance have freed up labor for activities where human empathy and understanding are unique and indispensable, but also threaten to undermine human dignity and accountability. This paper undertakes a comprehensive assessment of Singapore as an international model for AI responsibility from the perspective of the history and philosophy of technological governance. It examines the evolution of regulatory frameworks, ethical considerations, and key legal documents and social initiatives shaping the nation’s approach to …


Best Practices Associated With Medical Device Regulatory Strategy Success: A Case Study, Jonathan P. Ward Jun 2024

Best Practices Associated With Medical Device Regulatory Strategy Success: A Case Study, Jonathan P. Ward

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

In the evolving medical device industry, understanding how to achieve effective regulatory strategies is crucial. This study explored the foundations of regulatory strategy success in the United States, using qualitative insights from regulatory affairs professionals and industry investors. It identified operational, leadership, product design, and external factors essential for developing and implementing successful regulatory strategies. Key findings highlighted the importance of financial planning, agile regualtory process management, strategic knowledge integration, and proactive engagement with regulatory authorities. The study also pointed to the role of business ecosystems in supporting regulatory outcomes, suggesting a strategic planning approach that aligns product design with …


Catching The Unlikely Gambler : How And Why Gacha Games Appeal To Conscientious Consumers, Jingyi Zhang Jun 2024

Catching The Unlikely Gambler : How And Why Gacha Games Appeal To Conscientious Consumers, Jingyi Zhang

Lingnan Theses (MPhil & PhD)

Gacha games, often featuring Japanese anime-style characters and designs, are characterized by their eponymous gacha mechanics, wherein players obtain random virtual items using in game currency purchasable with real-world money. While scoring significant market success, gacha games are frequently likened to gambling by critics due to their chance-based purchase system. Despite this gambling-like feature, here we identify a paradoxical attraction of gacha games for individuals high in conscientiousness, a trait typically linked to self-discipline and gambling aversion. Through five behavioral experiments involving actual gacha game players, we consistently found that higher conscientiousness correlates with increased gacha game engagement, as captured …


Revenue Cycle Management, Mary Scalf Jun 2024

Revenue Cycle Management, Mary Scalf

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The healthcare industry continues to navigate through legislative changes requiring a change from the fee-for-service model to a value-based model. Healthcare is required to balance quality care of the patient and financial viability. The general problem to be addressed is the inefficient adoption of a revenue integrity program within the revenue cycle management process resulting in a revenue deficit for healthcare providers. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to add to the body of knowledge exploring the possible inefficient insurance denial management process within non-profit hospital-owned physician practices resulting in revenue deficits for the provider clinics. The study …


The Perpetual Challenges Of Nonprofit Board Governance And Its' Impact On Operations, Gala U. Harvell Jun 2024

The Perpetual Challenges Of Nonprofit Board Governance And Its' Impact On Operations, Gala U. Harvell

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) exist to provide societal benefits to the community and improve the quality of life. The chief executive officers (CEO) or executive directors (ED) are the executive leaders who ensure the organization follows the strategic direction the board of directors developed. The directors have a fiduciary responsibility to the organization and stakeholders to provide financial oversight, strategic management, and guidance on policies and procedures. Ensuring effective board governance occurs requires members to understand their roles and responsibilities as directors. This qualitative constructivism study included determining the effects of board governance on operations. The participants comprised two groups: (1) …


The Nexus Of Passive-Avoidant Leadership And Deviancy: Exploring Job Embeddedness, Anthony Maurice Da Silva Jun 2024

The Nexus Of Passive-Avoidant Leadership And Deviancy: Exploring Job Embeddedness, Anthony Maurice Da Silva

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, employers have experienced unprecedented changes in the workforce, including labor shortages and new legislation. As a result, many organizations, known as second-chance employers, proactively seek alternative talent sources to mitigate staffing shortages, including hiring candidates with criminal backgrounds, either voluntarily or as mandated by law. However, this approach has challenges; individuals with criminal records often lack essential support upon reentry and experience an increased risk of reoffending. Although existing literature indicates that the appropriate leadership style is crucial for behavior correction, there is a gap in the literature addressing employees who work for …


Sexual Harassment In Utah: A 2024 Update, Maria Blevins, Ariell Hardy, Susan R. Madsen Jun 2024

Sexual Harassment In Utah: A 2024 Update, Maria Blevins, Ariell Hardy, Susan R. Madsen

Marketing and Strategy Faculty Publications

The term sexual harassment was introduced in April 1975 by Lin Farley; the phrase was revolutionary because in two words it gave a name to the experience women had been facing in the workplace when they endured the unwanted sexual advances of male coworkers.1 The term helped usher in a new era in which women could resist such behaviors.2 Sexual harassment has been illegal in the US for decades,3 and although there has been increased attention to the problem since 1970, including moments surrounding the Anita Hill hearing in 1991 and the #MeToo movement of 2017,4 …


Proceedings Of The Cuny Games Conference 10.0, Robert O. Duncan, Grace Axler-Diperte, Joe Bisz, Christina Boyle, Devorah Kletenik, Carolyn Stallard Jun 2024

Proceedings Of The Cuny Games Conference 10.0, Robert O. Duncan, Grace Axler-Diperte, Joe Bisz, Christina Boyle, Devorah Kletenik, Carolyn Stallard

Publications and Research

The ten-year anniversary (!) of the CUNY Games Conference combines workshops, idea exchanges, interactive participant presentations, playtesting, and playing tabletop games into a two-day hybrid event to promote and discuss game-based learning. The conference focuses on creative pedagogy, such as playful learning activities or games, that teachers can use in the classroom every day. Day 1 featured interactive presentations by attendees, informal idea exchange sessions, and workshops by the conference organizers. Day 2 featured select presentations and workshops, poster sessions, playtesting and game modding, and casual play of tabletop games.


Protecting Your Tail From Correlation Risk, Mark Shore Jun 2024

Protecting Your Tail From Correlation Risk, Mark Shore

College of Business Theses and Dissertations

This research examines the concept that hedge funds generally offer diversification. The results from 26 years of monthly data on equity and hedge fund indices find that hedge fund strategies are heterogeneous as they offer varying benefits to investors. Some hedge fund strategies are highly correlated to equities and may offer an extension of a portfolio’s equity exposure during typical market environments; however, they may increase correlation risk and concentration risk during stressed market environments. Other strategies may provide portfolio diversification to reduce a portfolio’s correlation risk. This research suggests a framework to assist investors in developing asset allocation decisions …


Political Ideology And Consumer Behavior Of Independent Voters, Steve Glover Jun 2024

Political Ideology And Consumer Behavior Of Independent Voters, Steve Glover

College of Business Theses and Dissertations

Prior research has established the effectiveness of market segmentation strategy, and specifically the use of political ideology. Existing literature divides political ideology into two groups: liberal and conservative, despite over 40% of consumers self-identifying as independent. Researchers have indicated the need for consumer behavior studies about independents, but none yet appear to exist. This exploratory study attempted to address this by examining financial product consumer behavior of political independents, as measured by financial risk tolerance (FRT), for two products: mutual funds and bitcoin. Researchers have shown that over 80% of independents are leaners, that is they resemble conservative or liberal …