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The Role Of Digital Service Development By Bumdes Kuala Dua In Enhancing The Local Economy, Siti Fatimah, Fahmi -. Fahmi, Radityo Kusumo Santoso, Feriska Ajeng Anantri
The Role Of Digital Service Development By Bumdes Kuala Dua In Enhancing The Local Economy, Siti Fatimah, Fahmi -. Fahmi, Radityo Kusumo Santoso, Feriska Ajeng Anantri
Jurnal Vokasi Indonesia
Digital transformation has become an important instrument for strengthening local economies in rural areas, particularly through the role of village economic institutions. Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) hold a strategic position in integrating digitalization into business management and community empowerment. This study aims to analyze the role of BUMDes Kuala Dua in the development of digital services as a strategy for enhancing the local economy and to formulate a model for strengthening village-based digital economic institutions. The study employs a qualitative approach using a descriptive analytical method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis involving the management …
Metaverse-Enabled Digital Twins For Business And Smart Cities: Toward A Human-Centered Framework For Digital Transformation, Rasem Qudaih, Nicholas Caldwell, Imen Ben Salem, A. Karthi
Metaverse-Enabled Digital Twins For Business And Smart Cities: Toward A Human-Centered Framework For Digital Transformation, Rasem Qudaih, Nicholas Caldwell, Imen Ben Salem, A. Karthi
All Works
Digital Twin (DT) technologies are increasingly changing how businesses and cities model, assess, and enhance complex systems. Traditional DTs have served as static representations of tangible assets, providing monitoring and predictive functionalities. However, minimal stakeholder engagement and a focus on specific sectors have often limited their full potential. The rise of the metaverse, reinforced by Extended Reality (XR) technologies, presents a unique chance to evolve DTs into immersive, interactive, and human-centered platforms for collaborative decision-making. This integration allows stakeholders to visualize and engage with multidimensional data in real time, facilitating predictive analysis, scenario planning, and participatory governance. In business environments, …
Reinventing Islamic Pilgrimage In Jogokariyan Mosque, Indonesia, Ahmad Izudin
Reinventing Islamic Pilgrimage In Jogokariyan Mosque, Indonesia, Ahmad Izudin
International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage
Indonesian Muslims have a longstanding tradition of visiting holy sites as part of Islamic pilgrimages. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in mosques as popular destinations for spiritual journeys and meditation. This shift could potentially impact local communities and may lead to the development of new pilgrimage routes within the context of spiritual exploration. However, this paper examines the Jogokariyan Mosque in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, which has become a significant stop on the Islamic pilgrimage route. The author utilises a case study approach, collecting data through observation, interviews, and documentation. The study highlights that a mosque, as the material objective …
Inventing New Pilgrimage And Religious Tourism In Lombok, Indonesia, Ujang Mahadi, Moch. Khafidz Fuad Raya, Aibdi Rahmat, Jonsi Hunadar, Rindom Harahap
Inventing New Pilgrimage And Religious Tourism In Lombok, Indonesia, Ujang Mahadi, Moch. Khafidz Fuad Raya, Aibdi Rahmat, Jonsi Hunadar, Rindom Harahap
International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage
In the contemporary Muslim world, especially in Indonesia, the boom in religious tourism is increasingly widespread after the discovery of the grave sites of saints (wali) or people who are considered holy. More than that, pilgrimage is increasingly popular when these sites display natural views and multifaceted aspects, thereby adding to the intimacy of Islamic meditation and veneration rituals. This article focuses on five holy tombs in Lombok (West Nusa Tenggara), considered tombs of Muslim saints. Using ethnography with observational techniques and unstructured interviews, we explore the construction of veneration and the marketing efforts of pilgrimages to the …
Conceptualising Sacred Grove Tourism For Future Research Models - A Research Note, Debasish Batabyal, Rupa Sinha Dr., Kareem M. Selem Dr.
Conceptualising Sacred Grove Tourism For Future Research Models - A Research Note, Debasish Batabyal, Rupa Sinha Dr., Kareem M. Selem Dr.
International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage
Sacred groves or woodlands are known in tourism settings, they require a long historical process, and their classification as a unique tourism element is expanded in academic literature. To explore the characteristic features of sacred grove tourism, this research note reviews existing studies of tourism. Moreover, this research note seeks to uncover interesting socio-religious, cultural, and conservation dimensions that could guide policy-making in nature-based tourism. A comprehensive review of the tourism literature was conducted to determine whether sacred groves were included as a tourism feature. This research analysed previous studies on nature-based, religious, and cultural heritage tourism to formulate a …
Grave Pilgrimage: The Interface Of Islam And Local Tradition In Indonesia, Nikmatullah Nikmatullah
Grave Pilgrimage: The Interface Of Islam And Local Tradition In Indonesia, Nikmatullah Nikmatullah
International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage
Grave pilgrimage is one of the important traditions for Indonesian Muslim communities, which is not only influenced by religious teachings but also influenced by local traditions. The harmonisation between Islam and local Sasak traditions forms the Sasak Islamic tradition practiced by the natives of Lombok Island. This article explains the motivations, meanings, rituals, and processions which pilgrims perform and the relationship between Islamic teachings and local traditions in the pilgrimage to the graves of Ulemas (Islamic scholars). To achieve this goal, the data of this qualitative research were obtained through observations, interviews, and online media to obtain in-depth data. The …
Utah Women In The Workplace: Entrepreneurship, Workforce Development, Stem Fields, And Leadership Development, Susan R. Madsen, April Townsend
Utah Women In The Workplace: Entrepreneurship, Workforce Development, Stem Fields, And Leadership Development, Susan R. Madsen, April Townsend
Marketing and Strategy Faculty Publications
During the fall of 2023, Utah Women & Leadership Project (UWLP) researchers conducted a statewide study to establish a baseline for public perceptions related to the awareness, understanding, and attitudes about challenges that Utah women and girls face. In early 2024, we published 20 short research summaries1 that shared the results of this comprehensive study (see Nos. 9–28). Next, in the fall of 2024, we administered this survey, with slight changes, around the state of Utah for the second time. Six comprehensive research white papers were then published on the results (see Nos. 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, and …
Why Agtech Startups Fail? Evidence From Global Shutdown Patterns In 2025 And The Cost-Adoption Mismatch Effect, Ankit Chandra, Ishani Lal
Why Agtech Startups Fail? Evidence From Global Shutdown Patterns In 2025 And The Cost-Adoption Mismatch Effect, Ankit Chandra, Ishani Lal
Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Presentations and White Papers
Agricultural technologies are widely seen as a driver for sustainability, resilience, and food-system transformation. Yet in 2025, agtech startup across North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa experienced multiple shutdowns. Although each company closed for its own reasons, the failures highlight consistent underlying patterns. We analyze 18 publicly reported shutdowns across controlled-environment agriculture (CEA), robotics, insect protein, digital platforms, sensors, and ag-biotechnology. We find that most ventures struggled not with scientific feasibility but with economic and adoption dynamics at the farm level. We identify a Cost-Adoption Mismatch Effect, in which the capital and operational burden of a technology exceeds farmers’ capacity …
Securing U.S. Leadership In Agentic Ai Literacy And Adoption: U.S. Vs Chinese Government Policies And Initiatives, Satyadhar Joshi
Securing U.S. Leadership In Agentic Ai Literacy And Adoption: U.S. Vs Chinese Government Policies And Initiatives, Satyadhar Joshi
Harrisburg University Other Works
This paper conducts a comparative analysis of U.S. and Chinese frameworks for AI literacy and adoption, with focus on agentic AI and Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) systems capable of autonomous reasoning and execution. We examine national policies, educational integration, governance structures, and technological roadmaps, employing both qualitative review and quantitative modeling. Mathematical formulations include multi-dimensional literacy scoring, Bass diffusion models for adoption dynamics, risk assessment functions, regulatory effectiveness indices, competitiveness metrics, and optimization frameworks for resource allocation. Our analysis reveals divergent paradigms: the U.S. Favors decentralized, innovation-driven approaches with emphasis on interoperability and public-private collaboration; while China pursues centralized, state-led …
High School Dropout Rates Among Latin Students In The United States, Taryn T. Marriott
High School Dropout Rates Among Latin Students In The United States, Taryn T. Marriott
Student Works
An ongoing concern of educators and community members is the disproportionately high amounts of Latinx students dropping out of high school in the United States. Although there has been notable research done and action taken, the problem still remains. Lack of familial support, discrimination, and residence in low-income areas all contribute to the low retention rates of Latinx youth on track to graduate high school. As a result, youth who do not complete their education and set their sights on career goals have a harder time with employment, communicating in their society, and tend to show higher levels of engagement …
Women In The Workplace In 2025: Utahns' Awareness, Understanding, And Attitudes, Susan R. Madsen, April Townsend
Women In The Workplace In 2025: Utahns' Awareness, Understanding, And Attitudes, Susan R. Madsen, April Townsend
Marketing and Strategy Faculty Publications
During the fall of 2023, Utah Women & Leadership Project (UWLP) researchers conducted a statewide study to establish a baseline for public perceptions related to the awareness, understanding, and attitudes about challenges that Utah women and girls face. In early 2024, we published 20 short research summaries1 that shared the results of this comprehensive study (see Nos. 9–28). Next, in the fall of 2024, we administered this survey, with slight changes, around the state of Utah for the second time. Six comprehensive research white papers were then published on the results (see Nos. 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, and …
Toward A Contemporary Understanding Of Global Leadership: Relevance Of Diverse Voices, International Collaboration, And New Perspectives, Joseph M. Cervantes, Viet A. Ho, Vui T. Nguyen, Tram N. Le, Minh N.P. Vo
Toward A Contemporary Understanding Of Global Leadership: Relevance Of Diverse Voices, International Collaboration, And New Perspectives, Joseph M. Cervantes, Viet A. Ho, Vui T. Nguyen, Tram N. Le, Minh N.P. Vo
The Journal of Values-Based Leadership
This paper introduces Integral Global Attunement (IGA) as a transformative paradigm in global leadership, emerging in response to the unprecedented shifts catalyzed by theCOVID-19 pandemic. Rooted in the fusion of psychological insight, intercultural consciousness, and ethical stewardship, IGA proposes a fifth wave of leadership—one that transcends transactional strategies to embrace identity, ethics, and relational interconnectedness as central pillars of influence. The writing argues that the current global crises reflect not merely external disruption but an inner dissonance within humanity, calling for a deeper, multi-aware model of leadership. Through the triadic lens of identity (e.g., multicultural integration, visionary consciousness), ethics (e.g., …
2026 Spring Convocation Program, Morehead State University. Office Of Communications & Marketing.
2026 Spring Convocation Program, Morehead State University. Office Of Communications & Marketing.
Communications and Marketing Publications Archive
The 2026 Morehead State University Convocation Program from January 7, 2026.
Market Reactions To Software M&A: Cross-Border Vs. Domestic Evidence, Aaryan Magan
Market Reactions To Software M&A: Cross-Border Vs. Domestic Evidence, Aaryan Magan
CMC Senior Theses
The software industry in the United States has seen a period of sustained merger and acquisition (M&A) activity as firms seek synergies in diverse product offerings, efficiency plays, or intellectual capital. Within this activity is also a subset of deals that comprise U.S. acquirers transacting with foreign companies. These cross-border transactions have become an integral part of M&A strategy for companies across all industries. This paper aims to gauge investor sentiment regarding cross-border M&A deals in the software industry relative to domestic M&A deals in the software industry. The event-study methodology captures Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CAR) in two distinct event …
Impact Of Foreign Direct Investment On Employment In The Metropolitan Statistical Areas Of North Carolina, Matthew Y. Xiong
Impact Of Foreign Direct Investment On Employment In The Metropolitan Statistical Areas Of North Carolina, Matthew Y. Xiong
Doctor of Business Administration Dissertations
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is widely recognized as a catalyst for regional economic development; however, limited research has examined its relationship with employment growth at the metropolitan level within individual U.S. states. This study examined the relationship between FDI and employment growth across fifteen North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) from 2010 to 2019. Guided by Dunning's Eclectic (OLI) Paradigm (1988), Endogenous Growth Theory, the Human Capital/Absorptive Capacity Framework, and Institutional Capacity Theory, this quantitative study employed a balanced panel dataset of 150 MSA-year observations. Fixed-effects panel regression models with cluster-robust standard errors were used to examine the effects of …
From Monasteries To The Market: The Legal And Spiritual Economies Of Himalayan Art In China, Hengshi An
From Monasteries To The Market: The Legal And Spiritual Economies Of Himalayan Art In China, Hengshi An
MA Theses
In recent years, the Himalayan art market in China has shown a remarkable transformation, emerging as one of the most dynamic segments within the broader Asian art economy. While much of the global and domestic art market has stagnated, Tibetan and Himalayan artworks have achieved sustainable growth and high auction price with major collections been published, showing structural strength rather than speculative enthusiasm. This paper examines the drivers behind this phenomenon through a qualitative analysis of auction data, dealer networks, and collector behavior across key hubs in China such as Beijing, Chengdu, Shanghai, and Hong Kong. The findings suggest that …
The Flavor Of Marketing: How Food Is Revolutionizing Luxury Brand Communication, Aloisa Ruf
The Flavor Of Marketing: How Food Is Revolutionizing Luxury Brand Communication, Aloisa Ruf
MA Theses
This thesis explores how food operates as a cultural, psychological, and strategic instrument within the global luxury industry. Drawing from art history, marketing theory, and sensory studies, it traces how societies across Europe, the Middle East, China, Japan, Russia, and the United States have long used food to express hierarchy, belonging, and emotion—from the banquets of seventeenth-century Versailles to the branded cafes and collaboration of the 2010s and 2020s. Through a comparative and interpretive methodology, the research connects historical visual traditions with contemporary brand strategies, examining case studies such as Gucci Osteria, Louis Vuitton’s Desert Iftar, Dior Café, Loewe’s “Tomato” …
Global Art: An Economic Exploration Of The Factors Driving Sensible Gallery Expansion, James Mclennan
Global Art: An Economic Exploration Of The Factors Driving Sensible Gallery Expansion, James Mclennan
MA Theses
The goal of this thesis is to develop a practical and defensible decision tool to guide art gallery expansion. Focusing on four cities – New York, Hong Kong, London, and Doha – the thesis translates heterogeneous considerations into a matrix that scores each of the cities according to eight factors: Market & Demand; Regulation & Tax; Logistics & Shipping; Labor & Immigration; Legal Entity & Finance; Brand, PR & Audience; Competition & Benchmarking; and Risk. Sub-factors are scored and averaged to provide results on how each city scores against each other. The output is a ranked set of city recommendations …
Does Blue-Chip Art Genuinely Provide Diversification And Risk Mitigation Once Illiquidity, Transaction Frictions, And Survivorship Bias Are Explicitly Incorporated Into Performance Analysis, Or Is The “Safe Haven” Label Fundamentally Misleading?, Radhika Vissanji
MA Theses
Blue-chip art is widely presented as a safe haven and portfolio diversifier, particularly during periods of financial market uncertainty. This perception is reinforced by art price indices and industry reports that emphasise long-term appreciation, relatively low volatility, and weak correlation with traditional financial assets. Despite the growing prominence of these claims in advisory and institutional discourse, there remains limited agreement on whether such properties persist once the structural characteristics of the art market are fully taken into account. This thesis evaluates whether blue-chip art genuinely delivers diversification and risk-mitigation benefits under realistic market conditions. Focusing on three structural factors, illiquidity, …
Gambling Away Stability: Sports Betting’S Impact On Vulnerable H, Scott R. Baker, Justin Balthrop, Mark J. Johnson, Jason Kotter, Kevin Pisciotta
Gambling Away Stability: Sports Betting’S Impact On Vulnerable H, Scott R. Baker, Justin Balthrop, Mark J. Johnson, Jason Kotter, Kevin Pisciotta
Faculty Publications
We estimate the causal effect of online sports betting on households’ investment, spending, and debt management decisions using household transaction data and a staggered difference-in-differences framework. Following legalization, sports betting spreads quickly, with both the number of participants and frequency of bets increasing over time. This increase does not displace other gambling or consumption but significantly reduces savings, as risky bets crowd out positive expected value investments. These effects concentrate among frequent bettors and low-savings households. Our findings highlight the potential adverse effects of online sports betting on vulnerable households.
Brewing Resilience: Cooperatives, Micro-Mills, And The Quest For Survival In Costa Rica's Changing Coffee Landscape, Leila N. Iredell
Brewing Resilience: Cooperatives, Micro-Mills, And The Quest For Survival In Costa Rica's Changing Coffee Landscape, Leila N. Iredell
Honors Theses
This thesis examines how different organizational models in Costa Rica's coffee sector shape producers’ ability to capture value, build resilience, and sustain rural livelihoods in a rapidly changing global market. In comparing traditional cooperatives and new micro-mills, I examine specifically how control over the value chain, access to markets, and social infrastructure differ across models and what these differences mean for the farmers who depend on them. This project analyzes how the collapse of international price agreements and decades of market volatility drove producers toward new strategies, from independent processing and direct trade to coffee tourism. Costa Rica stands as …
The Adolescent Development Of Small Business Owners’ Entrepreneurial Mindset, Fern Arredondo
The Adolescent Development Of Small Business Owners’ Entrepreneurial Mindset, Fern Arredondo
Dissertations
Purpose: The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe how small business owners in Southern California interpret experiences before age 20 that influenced the development of the eight domains of the Network for Teaching Entrepreneurship (NFTE) Entrepreneurial Mindset Index (EMI). This study used a qualitative phenomenological approach to explore how adult small business owners reflect upon and interpret experiences before age 20 that influenced the development of their entrepreneurial mindset. By examining the influence of pre-adulthood on these owners, the study aimed to deepen the understanding of how early experiences shape entrepreneurial mindsets and contribute to long-term entrepreneurial success. …
Meeting Battery Electric Vehicle Demand With A Focus On Throughput Capacity Across The Transport Nodes In The Upstream Cobalt Supply Chain, Nicholas J. Visconti
Meeting Battery Electric Vehicle Demand With A Focus On Throughput Capacity Across The Transport Nodes In The Upstream Cobalt Supply Chain, Nicholas J. Visconti
Dissertations
This study assesses whether cobalt transport capacity in sub-Saharan Africa is sufficient to support projected battery electric vehicle (BEV) demand under the Paris Accord. Using open-source data from ArcGIS, the Highway Capacity Manual, and the World Bank, the analysis applies a simplified linear programming approach to estimate the maximum throughput of the primary transport corridor connecting the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the Port of Durban. The model identifies significant constraints along the Rutenga-to-Beitbridge segment, reducing network capacity to an estimated 42,494 tons of ore per day. When converted to refined cobalt, this capacity falls well short of the …
Health Status In East Texas, Manuel Reyes-Loya, Cecilia Cuellar, Marilyn Young, Luisa Moraes
Health Status In East Texas, Manuel Reyes-Loya, Cecilia Cuellar, Marilyn Young, Luisa Moraes
Hibbs Newsletter
This issue of the Hibbs Newsletter examines the key economic drivers of East Texas, highlighting trends in GDP, employment, and wages across major metropolitan areas. From 2015 to 2023, the region experienced steady economic growth, led primarily by healthcare, manufacturing, and mining industries. The report emphasizes healthcare as a dominant contributor to both employment and high-wage occupations, offering insight into the region’s evolving economic structure
Environmental Risk Modeling For Heavy Rainfall Events In Jeddah City Between The Years (2000-2025), Amina Atallah Al-Rehaili
Environmental Risk Modeling For Heavy Rainfall Events In Jeddah City Between The Years (2000-2025), Amina Atallah Al-Rehaili
University of Tabuk Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences
This study models the potential environmental risks associated with heavy rainfall events that affected Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between 2000 and 2025. A descriptive-analytical approach based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was employed to analyze spatial patterns of rainfall and assess their environmental implications. The methodology included a literature review, collection of daily rainfall data, identification of extreme rainfall events, and spatial analysis of rainfall distribution across the city. A suitability model was then developed to determine areas most vulnerable to heavy rainfall hazards. Results indicate that heavy rainfall events and their environmental impacts on residents and property correspond to 70.37% …
Eurovision As A Platform For Cultural Diplomacy In Times Of Conflict, Lucy Meza
Eurovision As A Platform For Cultural Diplomacy In Times Of Conflict, Lucy Meza
CMC Senior Theses
This thesis examines how states utilize the Eurovision Song Contest as a platform for soft power, focusing on the conditions under which cultural performance translates into reputational gains. Drawing on Joseph Nye’s concept of soft power, Biasioli’s theory of songwashing, Zamorano’s typology of cultural diplomacy, Anholt’s competitive identity framework, and Feklyunina’s analysis of identity and narrative, it argues that Eurovision’s effectiveness as a soft power platform is fundamentally contingent on the alignment between a state’s cultural narrative and dominant international perceptions of its legitimacy. Through a qualitative comparative case study approach, the thesis examines two nations whose Eurovision participation during …
Measuring Effective Labour Regulation In The Less Developed World: Recent Advances And Challenges Ahead, Lucas Ronconi, Steven Raphael
Measuring Effective Labour Regulation In The Less Developed World: Recent Advances And Challenges Ahead, Lucas Ronconi, Steven Raphael
Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal
This article critically reviews the literature on labour enforcement with a focus on less developed countries. Despite measurement limitations, the evidence indicates that enforcement is quite low in poorer countries; there are fewer inspectors and inspections, lower penalties, and less trust in the judiciary compared to richer countries. The lower level of enforcement contributes to higher rates of violations of workers’ rights. More controversial are the effects of enforcement on employment. Moreover, it is unclear how to prompt less developed countries to increase enforcement. This article discusses the scant evidence about the role of trade agreements, labour unions, international organizations, …
Transnational Labour Law And Governance: Advancing Workers’ Rights In Global Value Chains, Judy Fudge, Guy Mundlak
Transnational Labour Law And Governance: Advancing Workers’ Rights In Global Value Chains, Judy Fudge, Guy Mundlak
Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal
TRANSNATIONAL LABOUR GOVERNANCE is a multiscalar assemblage of agents, institutions, instruments, and legal concepts that has emerged to address the governance gap caused by the mismatch between the global nature of production and the territorial format of labour law (Blackett & Trebilcock, 2015; Hepple, 2005; Kolben, 2011; Mundlak, 2024). This special issue investigates some of the key components in this assemblage and identifies features that make a transnational labour law approach distinctive. In this introduction to the special issue, we begin in Section II by describing the governance gap and its impact on the wages and working conditions of supply …
Lessons Learned From The Last 25 Years Of Anti-Trafficking And Forced Labour Governance: Private Power And Public Policy, Genevieve Lebaron, Janie A. Chuang
Lessons Learned From The Last 25 Years Of Anti-Trafficking And Forced Labour Governance: Private Power And Public Policy, Genevieve Lebaron, Janie A. Chuang
Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal
Twenty-five years after adopting the United Nations Trafficking Protocol, anti-trafficking scrutiny is finally being brought to bear on forced labour in global supply chains. This article identifies and examines key aspects of the contemporary governance regime developed to address this endemic problem: corporate social initiatives and transparency legislation, human rights due diligence laws, strategic litigation, and forced labour import bans. As explored in this article, the interplay between public and private governance these interventions entail has a significant impact on whether workers ultimately benefit from these efforts. More specifically, the rise of corporate power and influence within this regulatory space …
Green Credit, Climate Risk, And Credit Risk In The Indonesian Banking Industry, Titi Dewi Warninda, Shelby Devianty Widodo
Green Credit, Climate Risk, And Credit Risk In The Indonesian Banking Industry, Titi Dewi Warninda, Shelby Devianty Widodo
The Indonesian Capital Market Review
As the largest archipelagic country, Indonesia's industries and regions are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. This research examines the effects of green credit policy and climate risk, specifically sea level rise and precipitation, on bank credit risk. Using data from 2019 to 2023 and system GMM, the research results show that the higher the sea level rise and precipitation, the higher the credit risk. The findings of this research also indicate that a higher proportion of green credit lowers bank credit risk, and bank inefficiency strengthens the impact of green credit on credit risk. The results of …