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Seasonal Variation In Population Location Of The Galapagos Tortoise, Geochelone Elephantopus Vandenburghi, On Volcan Alcedo, Isabela Island, Galapagos Archipelago, Kent R. Beaman

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Twenty tortoises, 10 adult males and 10 adult females, were tagged with radio transmitters. Numbers were painted on each carapace to aid in visual sighting. The tortoises were released, and their movement was monitored over a one year period.

The percent recovery of tagged tortoises along with the numbers of non-tagged tortoises counted in sections of the study area, were used to determine tortoise population movement and location.

Weather data were collected and observations were made concerning the vegetation. These observations were compared with those from previous studies to see what impact seasonal climatic conditions and food availability had on …

Repellent Activity Of The Secretion Of Edessa Rufomarginata, A Neotropical Pentamid, Jerome J. Howard

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Sexual Selection In Lekking Sage Grouse: Phenotypic Correlates Of Male Mating Success, Robert M. Gibson, Jack W. Bradbury

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Mate choice cues in sage grouse were reinvestigated by analyzing relationships between male mating success and a range of suggested cues. Display cues were implicated by significant relationships between mating status (whether or not a male mated) and lek attendance, display rate (corrected for effects of female proximity and time of day) and an acoustic component related to temporal and frequency measures of a whistle emitted during the strut display. Although display rate and the acoustic component were intercorrelated, both exerted significant partial effects on mating success in multivariate analyses. These display measures also differed significantly between males. In contrast, …

Sea Urchins From The Brazos Santiago Pass Jetty, South Padre Island, Richard R. Fairchild, Lazern O. Sorensen

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

Data on occurrence and distribution of sea urchins (Echinoidea) are presented for the Brazos Santiago Pass jetty on South Padre Island, Texas. Echinometra lucunter is recorded from the Texas coast.

Opportunities For Electron Microscopy In Space Radiation Biology, J. T. Lett

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Densely ionizing, particulate radiations in outer space are likely to cause to mammalian tissues biological damage that is particularly amenable to examination by the techniques of electron microscopy. This situation arises primarily from the fact that once the density of ionization along the particle track exceeds a certain value, small discrete lesions involving many adjacent cells may be caused in organized tissues. Tissue damage produced by ionization densities below the critical value also afford opportunities for electron microscopic evaluation, as is shown by the damage produced in optic and proximate tissues of the New Zealand white rabbit in terrestrial experiments. …

An Organic Reference Specimen: Polyacrylonitrile Film Deposited On Oxidizable Metals By Electro-Polymerization, C. Boiziau, G. Lécayon

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Surface investigations of organic materials require the provision of reference specimens for calibrating experimental equipment.

Because of their specific properties (purity, reproducibility, well-known molecular structure and orderly inter-molecular structure, electronic properties associating conductive and insulating behaviour, quality of the film-to-metal bound), polyacrylonitrile films obtained through electro-polymerization on oxidizable metal cathodes (Fe, Ni, Cu) may be used as a first type of reference sample.

Experimental results, obtained by various surface investigation techniques are presented, and their validity evaluated.

The Ets Sequence From The Transforming Gene Of Avian Erythroblastosis Virus, E26, Has Unique Domains On Human Chromosomes 11 And 21: Both Loci Are Transcriptionally Active, Dennis K. Watson, Mary J. Mcwilliams-Smith, M. F. Nunn, Peter Duesberg, Stephen J. O'Brien, Takis S. Papas

Biology Faculty Articles

Human DNA segments homologous to the ets region from the transforming gene of avian erythroblastosis virus, E26, were molecularly cloned and shown to be closely related to the viral equivalent by hybridization and partial sequence analysis. The transforming gene of E26 has a tripartite origin with the structure ∆gag [1.2 kilobases (kb) from the viral gag gene]-myb(0.9 kb from the chicken myb gene)-ets (1.6 kb from the chicken ets gene). Human ets DNA is located on two distinct human chromosomes. The human ets-1 locus on chromosome 11 encodes a single mRNA of 6.8 kb; the second locus, …

Influence Of Dietary Cyanide On Immunoglobulin And Thiocyanate Levels In The Serum Of Liberian Adults, Fatimah Linda Collier Jackson

Department of Biology Faculty Publications

Serum thiocyanate, antibody titers to thiocyanates, and serum immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA) were measured in 73 Liberian adults normally consuming diets of low, moderate, high, or no (control) cassava-derived cyanide (CN(-)). When control and low groups (n = 40; daily intake less than 0.60 mg CN(-) per kg body weight) were contrasted with moderate and high groups (n = 33; daily intake greater than or equal to 0.60 mg CN(-) per kg body weight), the authors observed that (1) one-time serum thiocyanate measurements were not sensitive to long-term cyanide intake; however, (2) antibody titers to thiocyanates were positively correlated with …

Bacchus In The Laboratory: In Defense Of Scientific Puns, Scott F. Gilbert

Biology Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Fiber Number And Type Composition In Extensor Digitorum Longus, Soleus, And Diaphragm Muscles With Aging In Fisher 344 Rats, Thomas J. Eddinger, Richard L. Moss, Robert G. Cassens

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Histochemical (M-ATPase) fiber typing was done on extensor digitorum longus, (EDL), soleus (SOL), and diaphragm (DIA) muscles of barrier-reared Fisher 344 rats obtained at four different ages (3, 9, 28, and 30 months) from the colonies of the National Institute of Aging. In the EDL there are no differences in the percent of type I fibers among the four age groups. The percent of type IIa and IIb fibers also showed no difference between the 3 and 30 month age groups. There was no apparent trend for an increase or decrease in the percent of type IIa or IIb fibers …

Intraspecific And Interspecific Agonistic Behavior In Chipmunks, Tamias Merriami, T. Obscurus, And T. Speciosus (Rodentia: Sciuridae), Ronald C. Vandervort

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Agonistic behavior in three species of chipmunks, Tamias merriami, T. obscurus, and T. speciosus, was compared at seven locations in the San Bernardino and San Jacinto Mountains of southern California. The study was conducted during the post-breeding periods in the summers of 1983 and 1984. Chipmunks were attracted to feeding stations baited with sunflower seeds. Their aggressive interactions were classed as displacement, short chase, long chase, or fight. Over 500 encounters were recorded.

Short chase was the most frequent agonistic mode, followed by displacement, with fewer long chases, and rare fights. Observations were made both at areas where T. merriami …

Assay For Rifampicin Resistant M13 Rf Synthesis, Carol Bauer Wheeler

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

We have developed a rapid assay which can detect the function of the origin of 0X174 complementary strand DNA in Ml3 by virtue of its ability to initiate the synthesis of M13 complementary strands in the presence of the antibiotic rifampicin. A segment of DNA carrying the sequence recognized by the replication protein n' has been isolated from bacteriophage ØX174 and cloned into an Ml3 bacteriophage vector. Protein n' is a component of the bacterial primosome, a multi-protein assembly which initiates the synthesis of primers during DNA replication in the bacterium Escherichia coli. The recognition site for n' on the …

Field Behavior Comparison Of 8 Species Of California Desert Ants, Jack S. Neal

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Replicate colonies were observed at three study sites in southern California. Hourly activity was monitored during winter and spring.

The time outside the nest ranged from strictly diurnal in Pogonomyrmex californicus to bimodal to nocturnal in Pheidole barbata. Four aspects of surface activity, foraging, nest work, patrolling, and convening, also differed among species in hour and/or in relative proportion of such activity. Finally, interesting species differences were seen in climbing ability, running time between stops, and response to air blasts (Messor oergandei and Pheidole barbata were the least aggressive). Solenopsis maniosa was one of the three worst glass climbers, along …

Recovery In Skeletal Muscle Contractile Function After Prolonged Hindlimb Immobilization, Robert H. Fitts, C. J. Brimmer

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Contractile properties of slow-twitch soleus (SOL), fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and fast-twitch superficial region of the vastus lateralis were determined in vitro (22ºC) in rats remobilized after prolonged (3 mo) hindlimb immobilization (IM). For all muscles the muscle-to-body weight ratio was significantly depressed by IM, and the ratios failed to completely recover even after 90 days. The contractile properties of the fast-twitch muscles were less affected by IM than the slow-twitch SOL. The IM shortened the SOL isometric twitch duration due to a reduced contraction and half-relaxation time. These parameters returned to control levels by the 14th day of …

Factors Influencing Cellulolytic Activity Of The Soil Fungus, Aspergillus Candidus, Jacobo Ortega, Ernest J. Baca

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

Effects of pH, incubation time, nitrogen source and carbohydrate source upon production of carboxymethyl cellulase by Aspergillus candidus grown in liquid medium were studied. Maximal cellulase activity per unit of protein occurred in culture fluids with a pH of 5.5, after 10 days of cultivation of the fungus. Ammonium nitrate supported the highest production of the enzyme. However, in the nitrogen-source test, highest accumulation of extracellular protein was found in fluids from cultures with urea as the nitrogen source. Cotton fibers produced the greatest gain in cellulase activity when the carbohydrate source was incremented from 0.5 to 1.0 percent. The …

Effects Of A Severe Freeze On Native Woody Plants In The Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, Robert I. Lonard, Frank W. Judd

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

The effects of a severe freeze in December, 1983 on the native plants of the lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas were determined for 75 species. Damage was initially assessed by examining leaves, apical meristems, and cambial tissues of stems. Initial assessments were confirmed by surveys in the spring when new leaves were present. Forty-three species were either undamaged or had only minor leaf damage. Twenty-two species with damaged leaves had intact apical meristems or showed evidence of damage for less than 10 cm below the apical meristem. Three species, Leucaena pulverulenta, Cordia boissieri, and Karwinskia humboldtiana, had more extensive damage, …

A High Efficiency Cathodoluminescence System And Its Application To Optical Materials, A. D. Trigg

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A high collection efficiency spectroscopic cathodoluminescence (CL) system based on an in-line ellipsoidal mirror has been constructed for use on a Cambridge S250 scanning electron microscope (SEM). It can be fitted to or removed from the SEM in about 30 minutes and requires no significant modification of the instrument. It can be used to obtain total CL images, monochromatic CL images or CL spectra with an ultimate spectral resolution of 1 nm.

The system has been applied to the study of doped synthetic quartz crystals, optical fibres and optical fibre preforms, and to yttrium aluminium garnet, bismuth silicon oxide and …

Fundamental Aspects Of Energetic Particle/Solid Interactions, Nicholas Winograd

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The interaction of keV particles with solids has been characterized by the measurement of the angle and energy distribution of sputtered secondary ions and neutrals. The results are compared to classical dynamics calculations of the ion impact event. Examples using secondary ions are given for clean Ni{001}, Cu{001} reacted with O₂, Ni{001} and Ni{7 9 11) reacted with CO, and Ag{111} reacted with benzene. The neutral Rh atoms desorbed from Rh{001} are characterized by multiphoton resonance ionizaton of these atoms after they have left the surface.

Liquid Metal Sources In Ion Microscopy And Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, G. L. R. Mair, T. Mulvey

Scanning Electron Microscopy

This paper reports on state-of-the-art developments in liquid metal sources and some of the finer points of their operating characteristics that are especially relevant to the satisfactory functioning of analytical ion scanning microscopes equipped with secondary ion mass spectrometers. Such effects include unwanted emissions from the source and their exclusion by means of filters and mass separators in the ion-optical column. The design of the ion-optical column is also discussed and some applications of this rapidly advancing form of analytical microscopy are described.

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Of Glasses: Aspects Of Quantification, H. Odelius, A. R. E. Lodding, L. O. Werme, D. E. Clark

Scanning Electron Microscopy

SIMS routines have been developed for the analysis of oxide materials, with applications particularly in element profiling of corrosion layers on glasses after weathering or leaching. The possibilities of quantification and reproducibility have been found critically sensitive to the buildup of charge on the insulating specimens. With control of constant specimen potential, relative sensitivity factors in the positive mass spectrum have been determined for about 20 elements in 10 different alkali-borosilicate glasses. Secondary ion yields were studied as functions of the energy range of ions admitted to the analyzer. At relatively low energies, including the top of the energy distribution, …

The Cathodoluminescence Mode Of The Scanning Electron Microscope: A Powerful Microcharacterization Technique, D. B. Holt, F. M. Saba

Scanning Electron Microscopy

By detecting cathodoluminescence (CL) in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), pan and monochromatic micrographs and CL spectral analyses analogous to x-ray mode point analyses can be obtained. Complete microcharacterization requires alternate examination of both micrographs and spectra. New techniques for near infra-red CL and low-temperatures to produce sharp spectra are of increasing importance. CL emission is due to electron transitions between quantum mechanical states so the radiative defects present can be unambiguously identified at liquid helium temperatures. Strongly luminescent impurities can be detected to below one part in 10⁸. This is 10⁴ times as sensitive as the …

Clinical Applications Of Scanning Electron Microscopy In Gastrointestinal Diseases, F. Bonvicini, G. Zoli, M. C. Maltarello, D. Bianchi, G. Pasquinelli, P. Versura, G. Gasbarrini, R. Laschi

Scanning Electron Microscopy

We considered the role of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in clinical investigation of different gastrointestinal diseases. The following clinical applications of SEM may be suggested on the basis of our original data and those reported in literature:

in peptic ulcer: assessment of the completeness of healing, by observing the mucosal surface architecture of the scars; identification of mucosal changes, namely enterocytic surface membrane alterations, predictive of recurrence;

in coeliac disease: early assessment of the response to gluten-free diet and follow-up of the patients by staging the process of mucosal repair in cerebriform, intermediate and villous patterns;

in ulcerative …

A New Approach For Studying Semithin Sections Of Human Pathological Material: Intermicroscopic Correlation Between Light Microscopy And Scanning Electron Microscopy, G. Pasquinelli, C. Scala, G. P. Borsetti, F. Martegani, R. Laschi

Scanning Electron Microscopy

In order to obtain useful and complete information on the study of pathological material, we observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the same semithin sections observed by light microscopy (LM). For this purpose, the specimen must have, at the same time, chromatic and electron dense characteristics.

We thus developed different specimen preparation methods, subjecting the semithin sections to specific polychromatic staining with high atomic number (Z) elements, to monochromatic staining followed by routine contrasting with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and to specific cytochemical and immunocytochemical procedures.

The specimens were examined in sequence by LM, by SEM equipped with secondary …

Contribution Of Scanning Electron Microscopy And Associated Analytical Techniques To The Study Of Atherosclerotic Disease, R. Laschi

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Human carotid atheroma has been examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) utilizing both secondary and backscattered electron detectors and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) both at conventional and high voltage.

Different cytochemical techniques have been used to map elastic fibers, proteoglycans, calcium, non esterified cholesterol. By immunocytochemistry the distribution of factor VIII related antigen and actin has been studied.

With SEM it was possible to detect aspects of carotid plaques not appreciated when using other conventional techniques. With TEM some modifications of the structural and/or functional features of connective tissue macromolecules have been observed. The occurrence of anomalous collagen has been …

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of The Human Myocardium, S. Siew

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Owing to the impossibility of fixation, in the human being, by means of perfusion in vivo and the rare availability of fresh comparatively intact hearts resected at transplantation, the possibility was explored of using post-mortem material in instances where the autopsies were performed within 2 hours of demise of the patients. Four cases were examined: 2 normal adult hearts and 2 hearts of hypertensive patients in the stage of decompensation. The hearts were fixed by means of perfusion with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Contiguous blocks were taken for light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) from …

Characteristic Energy Losses With High Energy Electrons Up To 2.5 Mev, B. Jouffrey, J. Sevely, G. Zanchi, Y. Kihn

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Some aspects of the influence of the energy of the incident electrons in electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) are considered. It is shown that this method of analysis used in high voltage electron microscopy, permits one to observe, with a better edge jump ratio than at lower accelerating voltages, the characteristic edges. One important question is to eliminate artefacts in the counting and to record only electrons from the true spectrum. Some recent examples are given. One of them concerns extended energy loss fine structures (EXELFS). It seems high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) could be very useful in this domain.

Scanning And Transmission Electron Microscopy Of Bacterial Attachment To Mucosal Surfaces With Particular Reference To The Human Fallopian Tube, Morris D. Cooper, Christine Jeffery

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis are the common bacteria isolated from bacterial cervicitis and are the leading etiological agents for pelvic inflammatory disease. Neisseria gonorrhoeae cause infection of the mucosa of fallopian tubes in organ culture by (a) attaching to microvilli of nonciliated cells, (b) phagocytosis by these cells, (c) transport across and exocytosis from the epithelial cells. In contrast the Chlamydia attach to the epithelial surface without apparent ligand binding and are taken into the cytoplasm of the epithelial cell. Exocytosis of Chlamydia is into the tubal lumen and not into the subepithelial spaces. The ciliated epithelial cells of …

Morphological Observations Of Mineralizing Pericardium Cardiac Grafts, P. Frasca, J. W. Buchanan, R. Z. Soriano, J. M. Dunn, L. Marmon, J. Melbin, S. J. Buchanan, E. E. Golub, I. M. Shapiro

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Pericardial patch grafts were implanted in the hearts of young sheep for periods ranging from two to 120 days. Explants seven to 21 days old revealed the formation of a "pseudoneointima" (PNI) on the blood contacting surface of the pericardium. The PNI was more heavily mineralized than the pericardium. Mineralization was most intense on the blood contacting surface of the PNI and on the chamber surface of the pericardium. After three weeks of implantation, the PNI was much thinner and was organized into a thin fibrous capsule without any signs of mineralization. In the pericardium, mineral deposits were seen in …

Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies Of Staphylococcal Adherence To Heart Valve Endothelial Cells In Organ Culture: An In Vitro Model Of Acute Endocarditis, Morris D. Cooper, Christine Jeffery, Debra L. Gall, Andrew S. Anderson

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Organ cultures of human heart valves were used as a model to study the initial pathobiology of acute infective bacterial endocarditis. We used Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a case of infective endocarditis to infect the in vitro culture of the heart valves. Using scanning electron microscopy, we assessed the initial damage, attachment to and invasion of the endothelial cell layer by staphylococci. Our results indicate there is initial damage to the endothelium prior to observation of staphylococci attaching to the endothelial cell. By 12 h post infection, there is significant attachment and damage. At 24 h after infection, destruction of …

A Preliminary Investigation Of The Effect Of Storm Events On The Concentration Of Volatile Organic Compounds In The Lost River Cave System, Warren County, Kentucky, Francis Michael Cretella

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Samples of cave water were analyzed for volatile organic compounds during four separate storm events. The major compounds detected were toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, methylene chloride, and 1,1-dicloroethane. Minor compounds detected were trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethylene, and ethylbenzene. These compounds were detected in varying amounts at each of the three study sites. During a storm event, the levels of each contaminant changed significantly at all three sites studied. Two effects were observed when a storm event occurred. The first effect was the dilution of the volatile organic compounds during the storm event. These effects were related to the amount of rainfall and …