Digital Commons Network^™

Feeding Periodicity Of Yellow Perch, Perca Flavescens, (Mitchill), In Southwestern Lake Michigan, Ronald J. Abrant

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Characterizing Variants Of The Human Alphoid Sequence Family, Eleni Palamidis-Bourtsos

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Permeability Of Isolated Leaf Cuticles Of Lemon And Pear To Acids, Hugh David Hauser

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

In order for acid precipitation to directly damage terrestrial plants, it must pass through the cuticle. The mechanism by which protons permeate the cuticle is not well understood. Investigation of this mechanism was the focus of this study. The permeability to protons of sulfuric and nitric acids was determined for isolated leaf cuticles of lemon and pear. The value of proton permeability depended upon the acid used. Protons from nitric acid were significantly less permeable then protons from sulfuric acid. A second finding was that permeability of protons with sulfuric was initially low but increased significantly during a testing. The …

Determinants Of Small Rodent Distribution And Abundance In A Shrub-Steppe Ecosystem: Influences Of Seeds, Ants And Shrubs, Linda Suzanne Broome

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study had two major objectives; firstly to test the hypothesis of ongoing competition for seeds between small rodents and harvester ants, Pogonomyrmex occidental is, in a cold desert ecosystem; secondly to elucidate how seed abundance and shrub cover influence the distribution and abundance of deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus. The study area was a sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) dominated shrubsteppe in southwestern Wyoming. Responses of the small mammal community to ant removal and food addition were assessed on replicated study plots between September 1981 and September 1983. Food addition and shrub removal manipulations were continued from September 1983 …

Incubation Energetics Of The Laysan Albatross, Ted N. Pettit, K A. Nagy, Hugh I. Ellis, G Causey Whittow

Biology: Faculty Scholarship

The energy expenditure of incubating and foraging Laysan Albatross (Diomedea immutabilis, mean body weight 3.07 kg) was estimated by means of the doubly-la- belled water technique. During incubation, the energy expenditure was similar to that of resting birds that were not incubating an egg. The energy expenditure of foraging albatross (2072 kJ/day) was 2.6 times that of resting birds. It was concluded that the energy expenditure of the tropical Laysan Albatross was not less than that of species foraging over cold, high-latitude oceans. An energy budget compiled for an incubating pair of albatross revealed that the energy expenditure of the …

Front Matter, Elephant Editors

Elephant

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Sodium Chloride On Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci, Bola Fashola

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The drug of choice for the treatment of Stieptococcal pharyngitis is penicillin G. However, a common home remedy prescribes the use of salt-water solutions for gargling.

Members of Beta -hemolytic streptococcal groups A, B, and C were isolated from the upper -respiratory tracts of patients diagnosed as having streptococcal pharyngitis. These cultures we:e obtained from HCA Greenview Hospital (Bowling Green, Kentucky) and used to study the effects of sodium chloride on the isolates.

The minimum inhibitory concentration of sodium chloride was determined for each of eight hospital isolates. Croup A streptococci were inhibited at a concentration of 7.2% sodium chloride …

[Review Of] The Body In Time, Robert A. Aken

Library Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Depth Profiles And Soil Textures Of The Vernal Pools Of The Santa Rosa Plateau Preserve, Riverside County, California, Ralph Charles Workman Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this project was to study the edaphic and topographic characteristics of the 13 vernal pools on the Santa Rosa Plateau Preserve, thus documenting the role soil texture plays in vernal pool formation.

Several field and laboratory procedures were used to demonstrate that there is a higher percentage of clay present within vernal pools than in soils outside the margin of the pools, for 11 out of the 13 pools. Statistical tests showed that the percentage of clay was highly significant within the center soil of the pool as compared to the soil outside the margin of the …

The Effect Of Cold Acclimation On The Temperature Preference Of The Goldfish, Carassius Auratus, And The Brown Bullhead, Ictalurus Nebulosus, Alfred Lord

Dissertations and Theses

Two species of fish, Carassius auratus and Ictalurus nebulosus, were subjected to cold acclimation regimes. Acclimation temperatures were slowly lowered to 3°C, then held for a period of time. At various times during this regime, fish were taken out and allowed to spend time in a temperature gradient to determine their preferred temperatures. Carassius were left in the gradient just long enough to determine a measure of the acute temperature preference, while Ictalurus were left in the temperature gradient for longer periods of time to observe any changes that might occur as the fish adjusted to selected temperatures. In …

Microcorrosion Casting In Normal And Pathological Biliary Tree Morphology, E. Gaudio, L. Pannarale, F. Carpino, G. Marinozzi

Scanning Microscopy

The organization of the intrahepatic biliary tree was studied in three dimensions by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) corrosion casts, in normal and cholestatic rat liver.

In the normal liver the observation revealed the features of the biliary passages from the bile canaliculi to the canaliculo-ductular junction, to the ductules and the bile ducts, confirming previous SEM observations.

In cholestatic liver, the modifications and the proliferation of bile ductules appear clearly.

Resin flow from canalicular to sinusoidal network was never observed.

The method was found to be very useful in the evaluation of the architecture of the intrahepatic biliary tree, under …

Extraneous Background-Correction Program For Matrix Bound Multiple Point X-Ray Microanalysis, W. C. De Bruijn, M. P. C. Van Miert

Scanning Microscopy

A program is described that allows online determination of extraneous background in multiple point X-ray microanalytical matrices. The program is based upon the calculations of the extraneous background for the film (when present), the standard and the unknown by (100 sec.) point analysis. The program searches for a peak-free part of the spectrum in which the calculated value for the extraneous background is about equal to the value in this region of the spectrum (=b_e). Online the contents of this b_e-region is subtracted from an unmanipulated continuum region in the vicinity of the element present in …

Presence Of Calcium Oxalate Crystals In The Mammalian Thyroid Gland, Raymond L. Hackett, Saeed R. Khan

Scanning Microscopy

Birefringent crystals of calcium oxalate have been previously identified in the colloid of human thyroid glands. We found such crystals in 19/20 adult thyroids at autopsy, in 4/ 20 infants at autopsy, and, using frozen sections, in 19/20 thyroids partially or totally removed at surgery. These crystals were soluble in hydrochloric acid, insoluble in acetic acid, and contained only calcium by energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, confirming their calcium oxalate character. Similar crystals were found in equine and ovine thyroids.

Tip-Techniques For Microcharacterization Of Materials, Y. Martin, C. C. Williams, H. K. Wickramasinghe

Scanning Microscopy

The invention of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope has stimulated the development of new techniques for microcharacterization of materials, which are based on the use of a very fine tip. Two of these techniques have emerged about one year ago, the Thermal Profiler and the Atomic Force Microscope. Both techniques have recently demonstrated the capability to profile and image conductors and insulators. The resolution attained varies from approximately 50 nm by the Thermal Profiler to a few nanometers with the Atomic Force Microscope, therefore competing with the resolution obtained with electron beam microscopy. We shall describe the principle of these techniques, …

Characterization Of The Lipopolysaccharide From A Rhizobium Phaseoli Mutant That Is Defective In Infection Thread Development, Russell W. Carlson, Stanislaw Kalembasa, Debra A. Turowski, Pappi Pachori, K. Dale Noel

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from a Rhizobium phaseoli mutant, CE109, was isolated and compared with that of its wild-type parent, CE3. A previous report has shown that the mutant is defective in infection thread development, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that it has an altered LPS (K. D. Noel, K. A. VandenBosch, and B. Kulpaca, J. Bacteriol. 168:1392-1462, 1986). Mild acid hydrolysis of the CE3 LPS released a polysaccharide and an oligosaccharide, PS1 and PS2, respectively. Mild acid hydrolysis of CE109 LPS released only an oligosaccharide. Chemical and immunochemical analyses showed that CE3-PS1 is the antigenic O chain of …

The Impact Of Weather On Kingbird Foraging Behavior, Michael T. Murphy

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Foraging data on Eastern Kingbirds (Tyrannus tyrannus) were collected during the early breeding season in eastern Kansas to test the hypothesis that foraging rate and other aspects of foraging behavior vary with weather. Foraging characteristics of five additional kingbird species were also examined to assess Fitzpatrick's (1980) generalization that kingbirds (Tyrannus spp.) are aerial hawking specialists. In Eastern Kingbirds, total foraging rate was independent of air temperature, cloud cover, wind speed, and time of day, but the rate of aerial hawking varied directly with air temperature and inversely with cloud cover (both P < 0.05). Effects of the two variables were additive. The percentage of foraging movements that were aerial hawks also increased with temperature and declined with cloud cover, and, hover-gleaning and perch-to-ground sallying were observed mainly during cloudy weather. Sally (i.e., foraging flight) distance correlated directly with perch height and air temperature, and large insects were captured almost exclusively in long upward or horizontal flights. I interpret these data to indicate that foraging behavior and the capture of large, flying insects depends on weather because of how it affects the activity of insect prey. Foraging data on kingbirds support Fitzpatrick's generalization, but the relative use of aerial hawking varies considerably among species. Resident Tropical Kingbirds( T. melancholicus) are the most specialized foragers, whereas the migrant and widely distributed Eastern Kingbird appears to be the most generalized. Certain habitats also appear to favor the use of particular foraging methods (e.g., outward striking in grasslands and perch-to-ground sallying in drier, open habitats).

Lake Mead Prefertilization Study: Preliminary Nutrient Enhancement Studies In Lake Mead, Richard P. Axler, Larry J. Paulson, Patrick J. Sollberger, Donald H. Baepler, U.S. Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

Studies conducted by the University of Nevada-Las Vegas (UNLV), the Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW), the Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD), The Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP), and the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) have identified decreased algal production as a major factor involved in the decline of the Lake Mead sport fishery. Phosphorus-laden silt particles in the Colorado River have been sedimenting out in Lake Powell since the completion of Glen Canyon Dam 286 miles upstream in 1963. This sharp decrease in phosphorus loading to Lake Mead (>5000 tons per year) has resulted in decreased …

Interferon-Induced Surface Alterations In Hairy Cells. A Review, Haim Gamliel, Dorit Gurfel, Shi-Hua Wu, Harvey M. Golomb

Scanning Microscopy

Hairy cells (HCs), derived from the peripheral blood and spleen of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) patients, constantly displayed both ruffles and microvilli. HCs which were kept in culture for up to three days exhibited extremely polarized and active surfaces with elongated microvilli and exaggerated "spiked" ruffles. Cells derived from 11 cases of HCL were treated with alpha-interferon (IFN) in-vitro and examined by immuno -scanning electron microscopy (immuno-SEM). In 8 cases, up to one-third of the IFN-treated hairy cells displayed deformed surfaces with "bubbling" membrane and markedly villous bud-like formations. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), used in conjunction with immuno-qold labeling, facilitated better …

Enhanced Floral Analysis By Low Temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy, Brenda Brookes, Ernest Small

Scanning Microscopy

Traditional methods of preparation of botanical specimens for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have proven to induce artifacts in some specimens which often reduce quality of resulting images, and are highly misleading for taxonomic purposes. The advantages of low temperature SEM are illustrated by an investigation of freshly collected flowers, using a cryo-system interfaced to an SEM. This method overcame the deficiencies of traditional procedures to produce exceptional images of floral surfaces in their natural state. Depending on the nature of the material under investigation, the method my be indispensable (e.g., for accurate details of petal surfaces), preferable (e.g., glandular hairs …

Myocyte Swelling And Plasmalemmal Integrity During Early Experimental Myocardial Ischemia In Vivo, Martin D. Sage, Robert B. Jennings

Scanning Microscopy

Using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the structure of myocytes early in the phase of irreversible injury induced by 40 minutes of severe regional ischemia has been investigated, paying particular attention to the effects of cell swelling on the SEM appearance of the myocytes. Swollen myocytes showed an increased space beneath the plasmalemma and between organelles. True subsarcolemmal blebs were not seen and the attachment complexes between the Z-band and the underlying myofibrils remained intact. The proportion of the PS face of the plasmalemma which appeared "en face" (0.70%, SD:1.22 vs 5.0196, SD:3.72) in freeze-fracture faces of ischemic tissue was …

The Effect Of Fatigue On Essential Element Distribution In The Rabbit Masseter, M. B. Engel, J. K. Bressman

Scanning Microscopy

The rabbit masseter is composed of mainly fast fatiguable type IIB fibers which give a positive mATPase reaction at pH 9.3. To study the effect of fatigue on the distribution of some crucial elements, the masseter was stimulated electrically for 45 minutes. The contralateral muscle served as a control. Control and experimental tissues were rapidly excised, and frozen in isopentane cooled to -150°C in liquid nitrogen. Sections were cut in a cryostat and prepared by freeze-drying. Water content of fatigued muscle was significantly higher than controls: 79.3% versus 77.3%. The fatigued state was verified by glycogen depletion viewed in PAS-stained …

Materials Analysis By Mass Spectrometry Of Sputtered Neutrals, Hans Oechsner

Scanning Microscopy

Mass spectrometric detection of neutral surface particles released by ion bombardment has become an important method for surface and depth profile analysis. Its fundamental difference to secondary ion mass spectrometry SIMS is the separation of the formation of the analyzed particles and their ionization. Hence, matrix and selectivity effects influencing SIMS signals in a mostly unknown manner via the ionization process in secondary ion emission are avoided in general.

The different techniques being presently employed for the necessary postionization of the sputtered neutrals are reviewed and discussed with respect to their potentialities. Secondary Neutral Mass Spectrometry (SNMS) using efficient postionization …

The Correction For Extraneous Background In Quantitative X-Ray Microanalysis Of Biological Thin Sections: Some Practical Aspects, Godfried M. Roomans

Scanning Microscopy

The correction for extraneous continuum is of great importance in the quantitative analysis of thin sections of biological tissue. Although a theoretical model for this correction is available, its application in practice meets with problems. In this paper, a model system, consisting of sections of homogeneous plastic on copper mesh grids was used to identify sources of inaccuracies in the quantitative procedures. An unmodified electron microscope was operated under standard analytical conditions. It appeared that geometrical factors connected with the position of the analysis relative to the grid bars were of prime importance. The correction for the contribution of the …

Ion And Water Retention By Permeabilized Cells, Carlton F. Hazlewood, Miklos Kellermayer

Scanning Microscopy

Nonionic detergents, Triton X-100 and Brij 58, removed, within 2-5 minutes, lipid membrane of suspended thymus lymphocytes and monolayer H-50 cells grown in culture. Studies of hydration, ionic asymmetry, and ionic and protein release kinetics were conducted on these membraneless cellular preparations. The hydration of nuclei isolated by Triton X-100 procedures appears to be influenced strongly by the monovalent ionic concentration of the buffer bathing the organelles. The putative monovalent ionic concentration of the cellular aqueous phase (i.e., 150 meq/L) caused nuclei to swell and coalesce. Monovalent ionic concentrations of 30 meq/L or less caused minimal changes in volume and …

3-Dimensional Imaging Of Biological Structures By High Resolution Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy, G. J. Brakenhoff, H. T. M. Van Der Voort, E. A. Van Spronsen, N. Nanninga

Scanning Microscopy

Imaging in confocal microscopy is characterized by the ability to make a selective image of just one plane inside a specimen, virtually unaffected -within certain limits-by the out-of-focus regions above and below it. This property, called optical sectioning, is accompanied by improved imaging transverse to the optical axis. We have coupled a confocal microscope to a computer system, making the combination of both an excellent instrument for mapping the 3-dimensional structure of extended specimens into a computer memory/data array. We measured that the volume element contributing to each data point has, under typical fluorescence conditions, a size of 0.2 x …

Junction Electron-Beam-Induced Current Techniques For The Analysis Of Photovoltaic Devices, R. J. Matson

Scanning Microscopy

A number of useful electron-beam-induced current (EBIC) techniques have evolved through the study of junction behavior in photovoltaic (PV) devices in cross section as a function of light and voltage bias, temperature, and electron beam scanning parameters. The necessary hardware modifications, the techniques themselves, and their applications are presented. In the case of PV devices, light and/or voltage biasing the entire device while electron probing it in cross section permits the observation of the distribution of the narrowing or extension of the space-charge region. Monitoring the junction behavior as a function of temperature has at least two applications. In situ …

High Resolution Secondary Electron Imaging In A Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Instrument, J. Liu, J. M. Cowley

Scanning Microscopy

High resolution and high quality secondary electron (SE) images can be obtained in a dedicated scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) instrument under normal operating conditions. Small gold particles less than 1 nm in diameter can be imaged in the SE mode and fine details on surface morphology can be revealed clearly by secondary electron imaging. Applications of SEM study of surface step structures are presented. Secondary electron image intensity variations of different MgO smoke crystals with electron beam irradiation time are discussed. Contrast mechanisms for secondary electron imaging of specimen surfaces and future improvements in obtaining ultra-high resolution SE images …

Genic Population Structure And Gene Flow In The Northern Flicker (Colaptes Auratus) Hybrid Zone, Thaddeus A. Grudzien, William S. Moore, J. Richard Cook, Danilo Tagle

Biological Sciences Faculty Research Publications

The Yellow-shafted Flicker (Colaptes auratus auratus) and Red-shafted Flicker (C. a. cafer) form a stable, narrow hybrid zone on the western Great Plains of North America. Allozyme data were obtained from 31 structural gene loci for 33 samples representing 246 Northern Flickers from throughout the Great Plains. Flickers were approximately equivalent to other birds in terms of proportion of polymorphic loci (P = 0.207) and average heterozygosity (H = 0.056). There was no concordant variation between plumage characters and allelic frequencies.

Gene-diversity analysis indicated that 92.5% of the genic variation occurred as within-deme heterozygosity ( …

A Possible Site Of Calcium Regulation In Rat Exocrine Pancreas Cells: An X-Ray Microanalytical Study, Norbert Roos

Scanning Microscopy

We analysed four subcellular compartments in rat exocrine pancreas cells, zymogen granules, cytoplasm surrounding the zymogen granules, mitochondria and cytoplasm in the basal part of the cells for sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, potassium and calcium content, using ultrathin frozen-dried cryosections. The highest concentrations of calcium were measured in the zymogen granules and the surrounding apical part of the cell containing Golgi apparatus, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and condensing vacuoles.

Calcium concentrations in the basal part of the cells (mostly rough endoplasmic reticulum) were 60% lower than in the apical part of the cells. The lowest calcium concentrations were measured in …

Use Of Woody Vegetation By Beavers In Southeastern Virginia, John L. Echternach, Robert K. Rose

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Nonbreeding and sometimes transient beavers, Castor canadensis, cut a variety of woody plants throughout the year during a 15-month study at three sites in southeastern Virginia. Ten species of trees were cut in proportions greater than would be expected according to their availabilities. Beavers heavily used viburnum, alder, ironwood, bayberry, tulip poplar, and dogwood. Winter food caches were constructed but were only lightly used.