Digital Commons Network^™

Balancing The Scales: Access And Equity In Fisheries Management - Proceedings Of The Third Australasian Fisheries Managers Conference, Rottnest Island, Western Australia, 2-4 August 1995, Patricia Summerfield

Fisheries Management Papers

The papers reproduced in this volume were presented at the Third Australasian Fisheries Managers Conference held at Kingstown Environmental Education Centre, Rottnest Island, Western Australia, from 2-4 August 1995. Two presentations have not been received in full written form and one paper was not available for publication due to copyright being held elsewhere. Abstracts of these papers are included in the proceedings. The papers are arranged in order of presentation at the Conference. The scenarios used in the workshop sessions are reproduced at the end of the proceedings for information.

Management Arrangements For Specimen Shell Collection In Western Australia, 1995, Jonathon Hs Barrington, C A. Campbell

Fisheries Management Papers

The Specimen Shell Fishery in Western Australia is based on the collection of marine species of the phylum Mollusca for the purposes of display, collection, cataloguing, classification and sale. Specimen shells may be alive or dead at the time of take and include beach-washed shells. Fossilised shells do not constitute specimen shells. This document has been prepared to detail the legislative requirements of the Western Australian Government, as well as to fulfill the requirements under the Commonwealth Wildlife Protection (Regulation of Exports and Imports) Act 1982 to allow for the export of specimen shells from Western Australian waters and the …

Development Of An Scanning Tunneling Microscopy-Based Electron Beam Induced Current (Ebic) Microscope, P. Koschinski, V. Dworak, P. E. West, L. J. Balk

Scanning Microscopy

Measurements of electron beam induced currents (EBIC) can either be performed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or in a scanning tunneling microscope (STM), since both microscopes are very similar in their basic assembly. However, a straightforward application of an STM in EBIC-measurements, i.e. the use of a microscope tip as a fine source for low energetic electrons is not possible due to the specific demands on the instrument in an EBIC application. The present paper gives a compilation of these demands and describes their conversion into an optimized STM-EBIC microscope.

Numerical Simulation Of The Influence Of Electron Beam Induced Excess Charge Carriers On Potential And Charge Carrier Density Distributions In Gaas Mesfet, K. Kaufmann, L. J. Balk

Scanning Microscopy

Such scanning electron microscopy modes as electron beam induced current (EBIC), cathodoluminescence (CL) and scanning electron acoustic microscopy (SEAM) are widely used for the characterization of semiconductor specimens and devices. These methods are based on the generation of excess charge carriers by an electron beam inside of the investigated specimen. Usually, theoretical models used to explain the physics of these methods presuppose the low injection case.

However, in experimental investigations, the low injection condition cannot always be observed. Thus, for the interpretation of such measurement results more complicated simulation models have to be used. Such simulations can be carried out …

Behavioral Basis Of Second Intermediate Host Specificity Among Four Species Of Haematoloechus (Digenea: Haematoloechidae), Scott D. Snyder, John J. Janovy Jr.

Biology Faculty Publications

Cercarial behavior patterns were examined in four species of frog lung flukes (Haematoloechus spp.). Cercariae of Haematoloechus complexus, Haematoloechus medioplexus, Haematoloechus longiplexus, and Haematoloechus varioplexus were exposed to three species of experimental arthropods and an inanimate control. The number of cercariae attached to an experimental host at 5 min postexposure was recorded. Haematoloechus longiplexus and H. complexus cercariae attached to experimental hosts at higher rates than cercariae of H. medioplexus and H. varioplexus. Cercariae of H. longiplexus attached to experimental hosts in approximately the same numbers as H. complexus, but H. longiplexus penetrated only damselfly naiads, …

Immunomicroscopy: Resin Techniques And On-Section Labelling With Immunocolloidal Gold Or Immunoperoxidase - Planning A Protocol, Jan A. Hobot, Geoffrey R. Newman

Scanning Microscopy

On-section immunocytochemistry is divided into two parts: (i) processing of biological tissue for section microscopy and (ii) immunolabelling of sections. Many of the more successful microscopical methods employ delicate aldehyde fixation of biological tissue followed by "sympathetic" processing into an acrylic resin. Processing regimens do not have to be complicated. Simple and cost effective room temperature protocols utilising partial dehydration have been devised and they can be as effective as the more complex low temperature techniques in preserving both ultrastructure and antigenic reactivity. The embedded material can be investigated by either light or electron microscopy. Frozen sections can be cut …

Studies On The Role Of Urinary Macromolecules In Urolithiasis: Review Of Methodologies And A Proposal For A Standard Reference Crystallization System, A. L. Rodgers, D. Jappie

Scanning Microscopy

In this study, urine from a calcium oxalate kidney stone former was ultrafiltered (10 kD cut-off). Crystallization was induced in the ultrafiltrate and retentate fractions as well as in a sample of the whole urine. The progress of crystallization was monitored by Coulter Counter and flow cytometry techniques. (The latter has not been used in studies of the role of urinary macro-molecules in urolithiasis). Deposited crystals were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Results indicated that urinary macromolecules in this subject are inhibitors of nucleation and aggregation. These results agree with the findings of some workers but disagree with those of …

The Role Of Defects In Semiconductor Materials And Devices, D. B. Holt

Scanning Microscopy

This literature review leads to the conclusion that recently the basis for an understanding of the electrical and optical properties of structural defects in semiconductors, especially in silicon, has begun to emerge. This is due largely to the ability of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) electron beam induced current (EBIC) and cathodoluminescence (CL) to determine the properties of single, well-defined defects in "state of the art" material. However, there are still major differences concerning the physical models to be used to explain different forms of dislocation EBIC contrast variation with temperature and beam current. Basic ideas in this field are emphasized. …

Multiple Labeling In Electron Microscopy: Its Application In Cardiovascular Research, M. M. H. Marijianowski, P. Teeling, K. P. Dingemans, A. E. Becker

Scanning Microscopy

The heart is a muscular pump kept together by a network of extracellular matrix components. An increase in collagens, as in chronic congestive heart failure (CHF), is thought to have a negative effect on cardiac compliance and, thus, on the clinical condition. Conventional electron microscopy allows for the study of cellular and extracellular components and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can put these structures in three-dimensional perspective. However, in order to study extracellular matrix components in relation to cells, immunoelectron microscopy is superior. We have used this technique in our studies on heart failure. Heart specimens were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde …

A Novel Method For Viewing Heavy Metal Stained And Embedded Biological Tissue By Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, R. Geoffrey Richards, Iolo Ap Gwynn

Scanning Microscopy

Backscattered electron (BSE) imaging was used to display heavy metal stained biological structures of various embedded specimens. Samples were fixed, stained and embedded in resin blocks as with preparation for the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Blocks were trimmed to center the specimens in a trapezoidal face of up to 5 mm² and their sides painted with conductive silver paint leaving the face uncovered. Blocks were sputter coated with 6-8 nm of silver, chromium or aluminum, with aluminum providing the best specimen contrast in BSE mode. Samples were examined in a field emission scanning electron microscope operated at a high …

Demonstration Of The Fine Structure Of Stereocilia In The Organ Of Corti Of The Guinea Pig By Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, W. L. Jongebloed, E. A. Dunnebier, F. W. J. Albers, D. Kalicharan

Scanning Microscopy

A combined perfusion- and immersion prefixation with glutaraldehyde followed by a tannic acid/arginine/osmium tetroxide (TAO) treatment of the guinea pig cochlea is described for field-emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) observation of the fine structure of the stereocilia of the organ of Corti. Conventional osmium tetroxide postfixation methods in combination with a thin conductive coating failed to show the fine structure of the glycocalyx of the epithelial lining in the endolymphatic compartment of the cochlea, in particular, on the stereocilia surface. The antennulae-like glycocalyx covering of the stereocilia surface of the more pronounced rows of outer hair cells has been …

Urinary Stone Proteins: An Update, J. P. Binette, M. B. Binette, M. A. Gawinowicz, N. Kendrick

Scanning Microscopy

The discovery of an organic component in kidney stones dates back to 1684. More than 150 years elapsed before the incrustation of this organic component, which is now called the matrix, was proposed as the mechanism of stone formation. The composition of the matrix remained largely unknown until the development of electron microscopy and the advances in biochemistry combined in the 1950's to usher in the modern era of renal stone matrix investigation. Composed mainly of selectively incorporated proteins generally characterized by high glutamic and aspartic acid content and the frequent occurrence of y-carboxyglutamic acid, the matrix dis-plays a variable …

Neural Transplant Staining With Dii And Vital Imaging By 2-Photon Laser-Scanning Microscopy, Steve M. Potter, Jerome Pine, Scott E. Fraser

Scanning Microscopy

We are developing a multielectrode silicon "neuroprobe" for maintaining a long-term, specific, two-way electrical interface with nervous tissue. Our approach involves trapping a neuron (from an embryonic rat hippocampus) in a small well with a stimulation/ recording electrode at its base. The well is covered with a grillwork through which the neuron's processes are allowed to grow, making synaptic contact with the host tissue, in our case a cultured slice from a rat hippocampus. Each neuroprobe can accommodate 15 neurons, one per well. As a first step in studying neurite outgrowth from the neuroprobe, it was necessary to develop new …

Diffuse Neuroendocrine System: Structural And Functional Effects Of Radiation Injury To Amine Precursor Uptake And Decarboxylation (Apud) Cells, I. M. Kvetnoy, V. V. Yuzhakov, A. O. Molotkov, L. N. Bandurko, R. A. Brodsky, N. D. Yakovleva

Scanning Microscopy

The paper presents a review of the results obtained by the authors on the study of external (gamma) and internal (I-131) radiation effects on the functional morphology and linkage of the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES) and amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells of the stomach and duodenum. The investigations performed enabled us to determine that the morphological changes noted in APUD cells had a dose and time dependency. The present study supports the point of view that the radiation initiates serotonin release from APUD cells, which appears to initiate the mechanism of early postirradiation dysfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract …

Specimen Preparation Of The Human Cerebellar Cortex For Scanning Electron Microscopy Using A T-Butyl Alcohol Freeze-Drying Device, Teruyuki Hojo

Scanning Microscopy

A freeze-drying device was applied to t-butyl alcohol substituted nerve cells, fibers and synaptic terminals. Ten percent formalin-fixed human cerebellar cortex specimens were postfixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer solution and were rinsed three times in 5% sucrose solution in the same buffer. After the postfixed specimens were dehydrated using a graded series of ethanols and then transferred into a graded series of t-butyl alcohols (freezing point 25.4°C), the t-butyl alcohol substituted specimens were freeze-dried at 15°C and at high vacuum (5x10^-2 Torr). The freeze-dried specimens were sputter coated with gold. Scanning electron …

Calcium Oxalate Crystallization In Urine Of Healthy Men And Women: A Comparative Study, Niels-P. Buchholz, Dong Sun Kim, Phulwinder K. Grover, Rosemary L. Ryall

Scanning Microscopy

This study aimed to compare calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallization in undiluted urine from healthy men and women with the object of clarifying the difference in stone incidence between the two sexes. Twenty-four hour urine specimens were collected from 37 men and 28 women. Urinary pH, and concentrations of Ca, oxalate and urate were measured, and indices of crystallization determined by Coulter Counter particle analysis following induction of CaOx crystallization by addition of oxalate. The amount of oxalate required to induce crystallization was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in females than in males, as was the overall particle volume deposited after 90 minutes incubation (p < 0 .006). Scanning electron microscopy revealed larger individual crystals in female urine, and a greater degree of crystal aggregation in male urine, although the average overall size of the precipitated crystal particles did not differ between the two sexes. There were no significant differences between men and women with regard to median pH, or Ca and oxalate concentrations, but the median urate concentrations were slightly, but significantly, higher (p < 0.05) in the women's urines than in the men's. It was concluded that the greater risk of CaOx stones in men is related to an increased propensity to nucleate CaOx crystals per se, rather than to a tendency to form larger crystalline particles.

A Novel Mechanism For Telomere Size Control In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Bibo Li, Arthur J. Lustig

Biological, Geological, and Environmental Faculty Publications

One of the central requirements for eukaryotic chromosome stability is the maintenance of the simple sequence tracts at telomeres. In this study, we use genetic and physical assays to reveal the nature of a novel mechanism by which telomere length is controlled. This mechanism, telomeric rapid deletion (TRD), is capable of reducing elongated telomeres to wild-type tract length in an apparently single-division process. The deletion of telomeres to wild- type lengths is stimulated by the hpr1 mutation, suggesting that TRD in these cells is the consequence of an intrachromatid pathway. Paradoxically, TRD is also dependent on the lengths of the …

Nitrogen Transformations In A Mitigated Wetland In The Green Bottom Wildlife Management Area, Mark Allen Fisher

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Soil nitrogen (N) dynamics have been shown to be quite sensitive to the soil hydrology. Creation of a mitigation freshwater wetland from an old field provided an opportunity to examine changes in N dynamics in terrestrial, aquatic (but formerly terrestrial), and transition (seasonally inundated) soils.

This thesis determined N availability using in situ incubations of soils taken from three distinct habitat conditions based on the degree of inundation following wetland creation: (1) old field (no inundation), (2) transition (seasonally inundated, initially beneath 10-20 cm of water), and (3) mitigation wetland (permanently inundated). Sample plots were located along five parallel transects …

Geographic Variation Of S̲O̲R̲E̲X̲ C̲I̲N̲E̲R̲E̲U̲S̲ In West Virginia, Lisa Jane Gatens

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The morphological and geographical diversity of Sorex cinereus is evident in West Virginia. In an attempt to identify patterns of morphological variation relative to age, sex, and geographic locality, and to clarify taxonomic status of the West Virginia soricids by defining diagnostic characters applicable to this area, a sample of 288 specimens representing three taxa were analyzed statistically. Standard external measurements were recorded, and a series of 12 cranial and dental characters were measured and recorded for each specimen. Morphological variation due to age was found in S. c. cinereus, but not in the smaller reference samples of S. …

Floristics, Plant Community Structure And Bank Profiles, For Five Sites Along The Middle Ohio River, Amy Nicole Morris

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Plant community structure, floristics, and bank profiles for five sites along the middle Ohio River were described. Values obtained were compared with a similar study by Clagg and Mills in 1978 on four of the five sites. A total of 186 plant species was observed in the plant community and floristic study. Glenwood Bend had the greatest diversity with 109 plant species. Mason-Pomeroy had the lowest diversity with only 35 plant species. Six species, representing 3.2 percent of the total observed number of species, were present at all five sites. The majority of species, 51 percent, were present at only …

Use Of The (3)H-Tetracycline Rat Model In The Study Of Skeletal Compartmentalization And Metabolism Of Calcium In The Maturing Male And Female Rat And The Role Of The Skeleton In Calcium Homeostasis In The Adolescent Male Rat, Darrin Lee Demoss

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The (3)H-tetracycline bone labeling procedure was employed to monitor bone resorption from urinary loss curves in male and female rats of various ages. In addition, whole body dry skeletal mass and the loss of (3)H-tetracycline from individual bones was determined. It was found that the dry skeletal mass/body mass ratio of 24-week-old females was 30-40% greater than that for males. The urinary loss of (3)H-tetracycline was described by a double exponential equation indicating the presence of two distinct and independent exchangeable bone compartments. Both compartments decrease in size with age, but their label loss activities were different. The label loss …

Discovery And Percent Colonization Of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae In Pueraria Lobata, Christine Marie Sager

Capstone Research Projects

Pueraria lobata, more commonly known as Kudzu, was brought from Japan to the United States in 1876. Although originally planted for erosion control, P. lobata's vigorous growth facilitated its escape and caused it to spread over vast areas of land. Today P. lobata is found predominately in the Southeastern United States where it thrives during the summer months, growing up to a foot a day. This growth leads to a vine-like canopy several layers thick with deep set roots which makes removal of the plant extremely difficult.

Research on P. lobata is limited and has focused mainly on its role …

Haploid Plant Regeneration From Anther Cultures Of Three North American Cultivars Of Strawberry (Fragaria X Ananassa Duch.), Henry R. Owen, A. Raymond Miller

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

A study was conducted to maxmuze plant regeneration frequencies from cultured anthers of' Chandler', 'Honeoye', and 'Redchief strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). A comparison of auxins (IAA, NAA), cytokinins (BA, BPA, KIN) and carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose, maltose) in MS medium showed that the highest shoot regeneration across cultivars (8%) occurred when using a medium containing 2 mgtl IAA, I mgtl BA, and 0.2 M glucose. A comparison ofMS, NN, and HI inorganic medium (a new formulation based on the anther culture literature) solidified with either agar or gellan gum and containing IAA, BA, and glucose, showed the highest shoot regeneration …

Plant Germplasm, Henry R. Owen

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

Reproduction And Life History Theory In Semelparous And Iteroparous Varieties Of Yucca Whipplei, Travis Eugene Huxman

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Infection And Fungal Development Of Tubakia Dryina On Sweet Gum (Liquidambar Styraciflua), Josephine Taylor, Shane Clark

Faculty Publications

Infection and fungal development of Tubakia dryina were investigated on leaves of sweet gum using a combination of microscopic techniques. Conidia of T. dryina adhered to the leaf surface and formed septate germ tubes. Germ tubes terminated in small appressoria that formed directly over epidermal cells. Intra- and intercellular hyphae ramified extensively throughout the leaf tissue. Host cells associated with the infection site became necrotic and collapsed, resulting in macroscopic disease symptoms.

Adaptations Facilitating Facultative Oophagy In The Gray Rat Snake, Elaphe Obsoleta Spiloides [Abstract], Stephen J. Mullin

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Dietary Overview Of Hemidactylus Turcicus With Possible Implications Of Food Partitioning, Daniel Saenz

Faculty Publications

A stomach content analysis was conducted on Hemidactylus turcicus, the Mediterranean gecko, from 19 April 1990 to 15 October 1990, on the campus of Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas. Geckos (N = 167) were placed into four size groups based on snout-vent-length (5 29 mm, 30-39 mm, 40-49 mm, and z 50 mm) and three microhabitat groups based on perch height (those occupying perch sites < 1.52 m, 2 1.52 m to 5 3.05 m, and > 3.05 m). Stomach contents were analyzed and sex, size, and microhabitat groups were compared using Schoener's percent overlap index. Volumetrically, the most important prey items taken were Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, and Isopoda. Geckos of …

Light-Saturated Primary Production In Antarctic Coastal Waters, Mark A. Moline, Barbara B. Prezelin, Herve Claustre

Biological Sciences

No abstract provided.

Temporal Dynamics Of Coastal Antarctic Phytoplankton: Environmental Driving Forces And Impact Of 1991/92 Summer Diatom Bloom On The Nutrient Regimes, Mark A. Moline, Barbara B. Prezelin, Oscar Schofield, Raymond C. Smith

Biological Sciences

Within the Palmer Long Term Ecological Research Program (PAL-LTER), a suite of environmental data sets were collected at a nearshore station throughout the 1991/92 austral summer. Seasonal changes are presented in the context of phytoplankton community ecology. Subseasonal fluctuations in sea-ice coverage, freshwater inputs, as well as wind driven and advective processes disrupting stratified surface waters, appeared to be the major driving forces affecting the timing, duration and demise of local phytoplankton blooms. During a large diatom-dominated bloom (~30 mg chl a m^-3), macronutrients were depleted to detection limits (NO₃^--3, PO₄^-3< 0.03 mmol m^-3) …