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Drosophila Fascin Mutants Are Rescued By Overexpression Of The Villin-Like Protein, Quail, Kelly Cant, Brenda A. Knowles, Shalina Mahajan-Miklos, Matthew Heintzelman, Lynn Cooley Dec 1998

Drosophila Fascin Mutants Are Rescued By Overexpression Of The Villin-Like Protein, Quail, Kelly Cant, Brenda A. Knowles, Shalina Mahajan-Miklos, Matthew Heintzelman, Lynn Cooley

Dartmouth Scholarship

Actin bundle assembly in specialized structures such as microvilli on intestinal epithelia and Drosophila bristles requires two actin bundling proteins. In these systems, the distinct biochemical properties and temporal localization of actin bundling proteins suggest that these proteins are not redundant. During Drosophila oogenesis, the formation of cytoplasmic actin bundles in nurse cells requires two actin bundling proteins, fascin encoded by the singed gene and a villin-like protein encoded by the quail gene. singed and quail mutations are fully recessive and each mutation disrupts nurse cell cytoplasmic actin bundle formation. We used P-element mediated germline transformation to overexpress quail in …

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Effects Of Chronic And Acute Y-Hydroxybutyrate Administration On Mass And The Release Of Growth Hormone And Corticosterone, Eric C. Goshorn Dec 1998

Effects Of Chronic And Acute Y-Hydroxybutyrate Administration On Mass And The Release Of Growth Hormone And Corticosterone, Eric C. Goshorn

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology by Eric C. Goshorn on December 10, 1998.

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Inorganic Fertilization Of Walleye (Stizostedion Vitreum) Hatchery Ponds, Roderick J. Middleton Dec 1998

Inorganic Fertilization Of Walleye (Stizostedion Vitreum) Hatchery Ponds, Roderick J. Middleton

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Roderick J. Middleton on December 2, 1998.

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Bulletin No. 36: Amphibians And Reptiles Of The Connecticut College Arboretum, Jill Devito, Joseph Markow Dec 1998

Bulletin No. 36: Amphibians And Reptiles Of The Connecticut College Arboretum, Jill Devito, Joseph Markow

Bulletins

No abstract provided.

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New Caribbean Locality For The Extinct Great White Shark Carcharodon, Clare Flemming, Donald A. Mcfarlane Dec 1998

New Caribbean Locality For The Extinct Great White Shark Carcharodon, Clare Flemming, Donald A. Mcfarlane

WM Keck Science Faculty Papers

Carcharodon is represented by a single upper tooth (Fig. 1) which we extracted from the eroding Pliocene limestone wall, some six meters above the floor at the northern end of Darby Sink. Much of the tooth is missing, but the remaining portion includes features diagnostic of this genus. The tooth conforms in size and morphology to Carcharodon megalodon (Agassiz, 1843), an extinct great white shark.

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Exploitations Of Sexual Signals By Predators And Parasitoids, Marlene Zuk, Gita R. Kolluru Dec 1998

Exploitations Of Sexual Signals By Predators And Parasitoids, Marlene Zuk, Gita R. Kolluru

Biological Sciences

Signals used to attract mates are often conspicuous to predators and parasites, and their evolution via sexual selection is expected to be opposed by viability selection. Many secondary sexual traits may represent a compromise between attractiveness and avoidance of detection. Although such signal exploitation appears to be widespread, most examples come from species that use acoustic or olfactory mating signals, and relatively few cases of visual signal exploitation can be substantiated. Because males are usually the signaling sex, they are more at risk from predators or parasitoids that locate prey or hosts by sexual signals; this differential selection on the …

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Sex Can Be Dangerous: Acoustically-Orienting Parasitoids On Field Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), Gita R. Kolluru Dec 1998

Sex Can Be Dangerous: Acoustically-Orienting Parasitoids On Field Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), Gita R. Kolluru

Biological Sciences

The Orthopterists' Society generously awarded me grants in 1995 and 1997 to conduct research on Teleogryllus oceanicus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) on the Big Island of Hawaii. Here I report results to date from fieldwork conducted in the past few years.

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A Second Pre-Wisconsinan Locality For The Extinct Jamaican Rodent, Clidomys (Rodentia: Heptaxodontidae), Donald A. Mcfarlane, Joyce Lundberg, Clare Flemming, Ross D. E. Macphee, Stein-Erik Lauritzen Dec 1998

A Second Pre-Wisconsinan Locality For The Extinct Jamaican Rodent, Clidomys (Rodentia: Heptaxodontidae), Donald A. Mcfarlane, Joyce Lundberg, Clare Flemming, Ross D. E. Macphee, Stein-Erik Lauritzen

WM Keck Science Faculty Papers

Clidomys is the most distinctive but least well known member of the late Quaternary terrestrial mammal fauna of Jamaica. Here we report the second dated locality for this genus. The Illinoisan age we report further strengthens arguments we have made elsewhere, that Clidomys represents an early - probably pre-Wisconsinan - extinction that contrasts with the growing record of Holocene extinctions in the Antilles.

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Ecological Effects Of Major Storms On Coastal Watersheds And Coastal Waters: Hurricane Bob On Cape Cod, I. Valiela, P. Peckol, C. D'Avanzo, J. Kremer, D. Hersh, K. Foreman, K. Lajtha, B. Seely, W. R. Geyer, T. Isaji, R. Crawford Dec 1998

Ecological Effects Of Major Storms On Coastal Watersheds And Coastal Waters: Hurricane Bob On Cape Cod, I. Valiela, P. Peckol, C. D'Avanzo, J. Kremer, D. Hersh, K. Foreman, K. Lajtha, B. Seely, W. R. Geyer, T. Isaji, R. Crawford

Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Hurricane Bob, a category 3 storm, made landfall on Cape Cod in August 1991, and its effects on watersheds and adjoining estuaries were detected in the ongoing studies being caried out as part of the Waquoit Bay Land Margin Ecosystems Research project. On land, Bob had only minor overall effects on forests; localized wind bursts did snap and break trees in small and widely scattered forest parcels. Wind stripped up to half the leaves of deciduous trees and many herbaceous plants on the watershed, and most remaining leaves were damaged by salt, so that by the end of Aug, Cape …

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Factors Influencing Venom Expenditure During Defensive Bites By Cottonmouths (Agkistrodon Piscivorus) And Rattlesnakes (Crotalus Viridis, Crotalus Atrox), Shelton Scott Herbert Dec 1998

Factors Influencing Venom Expenditure During Defensive Bites By Cottonmouths (Agkistrodon Piscivorus) And Rattlesnakes (Crotalus Viridis, Crotalus Atrox), Shelton Scott Herbert

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Although the quantity of venom expended when biting is an important aspect of the natural history of snakes, little is known regarding the quantities of venom expended during bites. Recent studies have shown that rattlesnakes appear capable of selectively allocating their venom reserves during predatory strikes, metering more venom into certain prey types and less into others. Despite much speculation, the quantities of venom expended during defensive bites are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that influence venom expenditure during defensive bites by cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus), western rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis) and western diamondbacks …

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Photosynthetic Parameters And Empirical Modeling Of Primary Production: A Case Study On The Antarctic Peninsula Shelf, Mark A. Moline, Oscar Schofield, Nicolas P. Boucher Nov 1998

Photosynthetic Parameters And Empirical Modeling Of Primary Production: A Case Study On The Antarctic Peninsula Shelf, Mark A. Moline, Oscar Schofield, Nicolas P. Boucher

Biological Sciences

Eight hundred photosynthesis-irradiance relationships were determined in the shelf waters adjacent to Palmer Station, Antarctica during the spring/summer periods of 1991–94. Biomass specific maximum photosynthetic rate, PBmax, and the light limited photosynthetic efficiency, αB, were poorly correlated to the physical forcing and nutrient regimes at the sampling stations. The two photosynthetic parameters, however, did strongly covary indicating the minimum irradiance required to saturate photosynthesis, Ik, was relatively constant in this highly variable environment. The variability in Ik could partially be attributed to both depth in the water column and time of the …

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Structure Of The Protein Kinase Cβ Phospholipid-Binding C2 Domain Complexed With Ca2+, R. Bryan Sutton, Stephen R. Sprang Nov 1998

Structure Of The Protein Kinase Cβ Phospholipid-Binding C2 Domain Complexed With Ca2+, R. Bryan Sutton, Stephen R. Sprang

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Conventional isoforms (α, β and γ) of protein kinase C (PKC) are synergistically activated by phosphatidylserine and Ca2+; both bind to C2 domains located within the PKC amino-terminal regulatory regions. C2 domains contain a bipartite or tripartite Ca2+-binding site formed by opposing loops at one end of the protein. Neither the structural basis for cooperativity between phosphatidylserine and Ca2+, nor the binding site for phosphatidylserine are known. Results: The structure of the C2 domain from PKCβ complexed with Ca2+ and o-phospho-L-serine has been determined to 2.7 Å resolution using X-ray crystallography. The …

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Ecosystem Metabolism In A Subtropical Seagrass-Dominated Lagoon, Susan Ziegler, Ronald Benner Nov 1998

Ecosystem Metabolism In A Subtropical Seagrass-Dominated Lagoon, Susan Ziegler, Ronald Benner

Faculty Publications

Measurements of ecosystem gross primary production (GPP) and respiration (R) were made for 2 to 3 consecutive days on 10 occasions from February 1996 through June 1997 in the seagrass-dominated Laguna Madre (Texas, USA). Ecosystem GPP and R were quantified using 3 independent measurements including the open-water technique using dissolved oxygen (DO) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and the summation of discrete measurements of the water column and benthos. Diel curves of DIC were often influenced by water movement while the impact of water movement on DO was not apparent. This was attributed to the longer turnover time of DIC …

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Hsp70 And Larval Thermotolerance In Drosophila Melanogaster: How Much Is Enough And When Is More Too Much?, Robert A. Krebs, Martin E. Feder Nov 1998

Hsp70 And Larval Thermotolerance In Drosophila Melanogaster: How Much Is Enough And When Is More Too Much?, Robert A. Krebs, Martin E. Feder

Biological, Geological, and Environmental Faculty Publications

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) and other molecular chaperones perform diverse cellular roles (e.g., inducible thermotolerance) whose functional consequences are concentration dependent. We manipulated Hsp70 concentration quantitatively in intact larvae of Drosophila melanogaster to examine its effect on survival, developmental time and tissue damage after heat shock. Larvae of an extra-copy strain, which has 22 hsp70 copies, produced Hsp70 more rapidly and to higher concentrations than larvae of a control strain, which has the wild-type 10 copies of the gene. Increasing the magnitude and duration of pretreatment increased Hsp70 concentrations, improved tolerance of more severe stress, and reduced delays in development. …

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Rostral-Caudal Variation In Troponin T And Parvalbumin Correlates With Differences In Relaxation Rates Of Cod Axial Muscle, Tierney M. Thys, Jason M. Blank, Fred H. Schachat Nov 1998

Rostral-Caudal Variation In Troponin T And Parvalbumin Correlates With Differences In Relaxation Rates Of Cod Axial Muscle, Tierney M. Thys, Jason M. Blank, Fred H. Schachat

Biological Sciences

Relaxation rate is an important determinant of axial muscle power production during the oscillatory contractions of undulatory locomotion. Recently, significant differences have been reported in the relaxation rates of rostral versus caudal white muscle fibers of the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L. The present study investigates the biochemical correlates of this rostral-caudal physiological variation. Using denaturing gel electrophoresis, a series of fresh muscle samples from the dorsal epaxial muscle region was analyzed and several differences were detected. First, a gradual shift occurs in the expression of two troponin T isoforms along the length of the body. Second, rostral muscles were …

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Metamorphis Is Not A New Beginning, Jan A. Pechenik, Dean E. Wendt, Jeremiah N. Jarrett Nov 1998

Metamorphis Is Not A New Beginning, Jan A. Pechenik, Dean E. Wendt, Jeremiah N. Jarrett

Biological Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Sequence Analysis Of Bacterial Dna In The Colon Of An Andean Mummy, Massimo Ubaldi, Stefania Luciani, Isolina Marota, Gino Fornaciari, Raul J. Cano, Franco Rollo Nov 1998

Sequence Analysis Of Bacterial Dna In The Colon Of An Andean Mummy, Massimo Ubaldi, Stefania Luciani, Isolina Marota, Gino Fornaciari, Raul J. Cano, Franco Rollo

Biological Sciences

We have isolated DNA from 14 tissue samples from the internal organs of an Andean human mummy (10th–11th century A.D.) and have checked the persistence of the original human and bacterial templates using the following main approaches: 1) amino acid racemization test; 2) quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number; 3) survey of bacterial DNA in the different organs; 4) sequence analysis of bacterial amplicons of different lengths. The results demonstrate that both the original human DNA and the DNA of the bacteria of the mummy gut are preserved. In particular, sequence analysis of two (respectively 100 and 196 bp in …

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Mutations In Bartonella Bacilliformis Gyrb Confer Resistance To Coumermycin A(1), James M. Battisti, Laura A. Smitherman, D. Scott Samuels, Michael F. Minnick Nov 1998

Mutations In Bartonella Bacilliformis Gyrb Confer Resistance To Coumermycin A(1), James M. Battisti, Laura A. Smitherman, D. Scott Samuels, Michael F. Minnick

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

This study describes the first isolation and characterization of spontaneous mutants conferring natural resistance to an antibiotic for any Bartonella species. The Bartonella bacilliformis gyrB gene, which encodes the B subunit of DNA gyrase, was cloned and sequenced. The gyrB open reading frame (ORF) is 2,079 bp and encodes a deduced amino acid sequence of 692 residues, corresponding to a predicted protein of similar to 77.5 kDa. Sequence alignment indicates that B. bacilliformis GyrB is most similar to the GyrB protein from Bacillus subtilis (40.1% amino acid sequence identity) and that it contains the longest N-terminal tail (52 residues) of …

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Deforestation In The Tropics: Reconciling Disparities In Estimates For India, Shaily Menon, Kamaljit S. Bawa Nov 1998

Deforestation In The Tropics: Reconciling Disparities In Estimates For India, Shaily Menon, Kamaljit S. Bawa

Peer Reviewed Publications

Here we examine recent disparate estimates of deforestation obtained for India. We discuss the sources of disparity and the implications of inaccurate estimates and suggest ways in which future attempts at estimating deforestation might reconcile the disparity. Despite the importance of deforestation and its consequences, no attempt has been made to reconcile the different estimates obtained for India.

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Characterization Of Sequences Associated With Position-Effect Variegation At Pericentric Sites In Drosophila Heterochromatin, D Cryderman, M Cuaycong, Sarah C.R. Elgin, L Wallrath Nov 1998

Characterization Of Sequences Associated With Position-Effect Variegation At Pericentric Sites In Drosophila Heterochromatin, D Cryderman, M Cuaycong, Sarah C.R. Elgin, L Wallrath

Biology Faculty Research

In a variety of organisms, euchromatic genes brought into juxtaposition with pericentric heterochromatin show position-effect variegation (PEV), a silencing of gene expression in a subset of the cells in which the gene is normally expressed. Previously, a P-element mobilization screen identified transgenic Drosophila stocks showing PEV of an hsp70-white+ reporter gene; transgenes in many of these stocks map to the chromocenter of polytene chromosome. A screen at an elevated temperature identified two stocks that under standard culture temperatures show complete repression of the hsp70-white+ transgene. The transgenes in both cases map to the chromocenter of polytene chromosomes. Different types of …

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Force-Velocity-Power And Force-Pca Relationships Of Human Soleus Fibers After 17 Days Of Bed Rest, Jeffrey J. Widrick, Kris M. Norenberg, C. A. Blaser, M. Karhanek, Jennifer J. Sherwood, Scott W. Trappe, Todd A. Trappe, David L. Costill, Robert H. Fitts Nov 1998

Force-Velocity-Power And Force-Pca Relationships Of Human Soleus Fibers After 17 Days Of Bed Rest, Jeffrey J. Widrick, Kris M. Norenberg, C. A. Blaser, M. Karhanek, Jennifer J. Sherwood, Scott W. Trappe, Todd A. Trappe, David L. Costill, Robert H. Fitts

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Soleus muscle fibers from the rat display a reduction in peak power and Ca2+ sensitivity after hindlimb suspension. To examine human responses to non-weight bearing, we obtained soleus biopsies from eight adult men before and immediately after 17 days of bed rest (BR). Single chemically skinned fibers were mounted between a force transducer and a servo-controlled position motor and activated with maximal (isotonic properties) and/or submaximal (Ca2+ sensitivity) levels of free Ca2+. Gel electrophoresis indicated that all pre- and post-BR fibers expressed type I myosin heavy chain. Post-BR fibers obtained from one subject displayed increases in …

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Responses Of Mole Salamanders To Clearcutting: Using Field Experiments In Forest Management, Anne C. Chazal, Peter H. Niewiarowski Nov 1998

Responses Of Mole Salamanders To Clearcutting: Using Field Experiments In Forest Management, Anne C. Chazal, Peter H. Niewiarowski

Biology Faculty Research

Impacts of forest management practices on amphibian populations have received growing attention in the last 10 yr. However, to date, measured responses include only comparisons of species diversity indices and population counts without true spatial and temporal controls. We used an experimental approach to test for differences in growth rate, fecundity, age at maturity, and whole-body storage lipids in individual mole salamanders, Ambystoma talpoideum, placed in differently managed habitats. Four 100-m(2) field enclosures were built in each of two habitats, a 4-mo-old clearcut and an adjacent 40-yr-old pine forest. On 19 July 1994, 80 recently metamorphosed and individually marked, weighed, …

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Testosterone Effects On Renal Norepinephrine Content And Release In Rats With Different Y Chromosomes, Thomas J. Jones, Gail Dunphy, Amy Milsted, Daniel Ely Nov 1998

Testosterone Effects On Renal Norepinephrine Content And Release In Rats With Different Y Chromosomes, Thomas J. Jones, Gail Dunphy, Amy Milsted, Daniel Ely

Biology Faculty Research

The Y chromosome in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and stroke-prone rats has been shown to contain a locus that contributes to the hypertensive effect; both the sympathetic nervous system and testosterone may be involved. The objective of this study was to look at the effects of testosterone on renal norepinephrine (NE) release and content in the isolated perfused kidney in different Y chromosome backgrounds. The study involved male SHR, Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), and 2 consomic strains with different Y chromosomes (n=5 to 8 per group). Adult animals were castrated, and implants containing testosterone propionate were placed at the base of …

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Invasion Of The Nucleotide Snatchers, Stephen R. Sprang, David E. Coleman Oct 1998

Invasion Of The Nucleotide Snatchers, Stephen R. Sprang, David E. Coleman

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Although the mechanics differ, GEFs appear to deform their substrates in similar ways. In all cases, switch I is pulled away from switch II and the P loop, exposing the active site; dislocation of switch I also displaces a Mg2+-binding residue, but this in itself should have little affect on GDP affinity. GEFs also restructure and displace the amino terminus of switch II and consequently dismantle the χ-phosphate-binding site, at the same time moving a conserved aspartate residue that serves as a water-mediated Mg2+ ligand. Residues, either from the GEF or the G protein, are positioned to …

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Transport Of Er Vesicles On Actin Filaments In Neurons By Myosin V, George M. Langford, Joel S. Tabb, Bradley J. Molyneaux, Darien L. Cohen, Sergei A. Kuznetsov Oct 1998

Transport Of Er Vesicles On Actin Filaments In Neurons By Myosin V, George M. Langford, Joel S. Tabb, Bradley J. Molyneaux, Darien L. Cohen, Sergei A. Kuznetsov

Biology - All Scholarship

Axoplasmic organelles in the giant axon of the squid have been shown to move on both actin filaments and microtubules and to switch between actin filaments and microtubules during fast axonal transport. The objectives of this investigation were to identify the specific classes of axoplasmic organelles that move on actin filaments and the myosin motors involved. We developed a procedure to isolate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) from extruded axoplasm and to reconstitute its movement in vitro. The isolated ER vesicles moved on exogenous actin filaments adsorbed to coverslips in an ATP-dependent manner without the addition of soluble factors. Therefore myosin was …

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Transport Of Er Vesicles On Actin Filaments In Neurons By Myosin V, Joel S. Tabb, Bradley J. Molyneaux, Darien L. Cohen, Sergei A. Kuznetsov, George M. Langford Oct 1998

Transport Of Er Vesicles On Actin Filaments In Neurons By Myosin V, Joel S. Tabb, Bradley J. Molyneaux, Darien L. Cohen, Sergei A. Kuznetsov, George M. Langford

Dartmouth Scholarship

Axoplasmic organelles in the giant axon of the squid have been shown to move on both actin filaments and microtubules and to switch between actin filaments and microtubules during fast axonal transport. The objectives of this investigation were to identify the specific classes of axoplasmic organelles that move on actin filaments and the myosin motors involved. We developed a procedure to isolate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) from extruded axoplasm and to reconstitute its movement in vitro. The isolated ER vesicles moved on exogenous actin filaments adsorbed to coverslips in an ATP-dependent manner without the addition of soluble factors. Therefore myosin was …

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Identification Of A G(Iα) Binding Site On Type V Adenylyl Cyclase, Carmen W. Dessauer, John J.G. Tesmer, Stephen R. Sprang, Alfred G. Gilman Oct 1998

Identification Of A G(Iα) Binding Site On Type V Adenylyl Cyclase, Carmen W. Dessauer, John J.G. Tesmer, Stephen R. Sprang, Alfred G. Gilman

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The stimulatory G protein α subunit G(sα) binds within a cleft in adenylyl cyclase formed by the α1-α2 and α3-β4 loops of the C2 domain. The pseudosymmetry of the C1 and C2 domains of adenylyl cyclase suggests that the homologous inhibitory α subunit G(iα) could bind to the analogous cleft within C1. We demonstrate that myristoylated guanosine 5'-3-O- (thio)triphosphate-G(iα1) forms a stable complex with the C1 (but not the C2) domain of type V adenylyl cyclase. Mutagenesis of the membrane-bound enzyme identified residues whose alteration either increased or substantially decreased the IC …

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Rejection Of Cowbird Eggs By Mourning Doves: A Manifestation Of Nest Usurpation? Brian D. Peer And Eric K. Bollinger, Eric Bollinger, Brian Peer Oct 1998

Rejection Of Cowbird Eggs By Mourning Doves: A Manifestation Of Nest Usurpation? Brian D. Peer And Eric K. Bollinger, Eric Bollinger, Brian Peer

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

This article was printed in The Auk, Volume 115, No.4 (1998).

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Rejection Of Cowbird Eggs By Mourning Doves: A Manifestation Of Nest Usurpation? Brian D. Peer And Eric K. Bollinger, Eric K. Bollinger, Brian D. Peer Oct 1998

Rejection Of Cowbird Eggs By Mourning Doves: A Manifestation Of Nest Usurpation? Brian D. Peer And Eric K. Bollinger, Eric K. Bollinger, Brian D. Peer

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

This article was printed in The Auk, Volume 115, No.4 (1998).

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Effect Of Larval Swimming Duration On Growth And Reproduction Of Bugula Neritina (Bryozoa) Under Field Conditions, Dean E. Wendt Oct 1998

Effect Of Larval Swimming Duration On Growth And Reproduction Of Bugula Neritina (Bryozoa) Under Field Conditions, Dean E. Wendt

Biological Sciences

A growing body of evidence indicates that even subtle events occurring during one portion of an animal's life cycle can have detrimental, and in some cases, lasting effects on later stages. Using a laboratory-field transplant design, postmetamorphic costs associated with the duration of larval swimming were investigated in the bryozoan Bugula neritina. Larvae were induced to metamorphose in the laboratory after swimming for either less than 1 h or between 23 and 24 h; colonies that developed from these two groups of larvae are referred to hereafter as "1-h colonies" and "24-h colonies," respectively. After completing metamorphosis, individuals were …

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