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Histological Changes Induced By Sialoadenectomy And Flutamide On The Epididymal Tissue And Epididymal Abnormalities, M.Aydin Ketani̇, Ahmet Ersay, Yusuf Nergi̇z, Mustafa Deni̇z, Şennur Ketani̇

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study the purpose was to determine the effect of sialoadenectomy (Maternal Epidermal Growth Factor deficiency) on epididymal development and to compare it with that of antiandrogen (Flutamide) application.Forty 12-week-old, sexually mature and pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen as the animal model. They were divided into four groups; Group I : Control group, Group II : Sialoadenectomized (mated on 28^{th} day), Group III: Flutamide applied (between gestational day 11 and 21), Group IV: Sialoadenectomy + Flutamide applied. After birth, all male rats were observed morphologically on the 60th day and sacrificed on the 60^{th} day postpartum under general anaesthesia. …

The Effect Of Sulphur Dioxide On Macrophage Phagocytic Activity In Diabetic Rats, Veci̇he Ni̇met İzgüt Uysal, Vural Küçükatay, Aysel Ağar, Pi̇raye Yargiçoğlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

Sulphur dioxide as a criterion of air pollution supresses macrophage functions. Some immunological changes in diabetes mellitus have been detected. In the present study, we examined the effect of sulphur dioxide on macrophage phagocytic activity in diabetic rats. The animals were separated into four groups as: 1) Control, 2) Sulphur dioxide, 3) Diabetes mellitus, 4) Diabetes mellitus+sulphur dioxide. The first and the third groups of animals were respirated with filtered atmosphere air in a special chamber one hour daily for eight weeks, while the other groups were exposed to 10 ppm sulphur dioxide in the same conditions and periods. The …

Distribution Of The Bacteria Involved In The Nitrogen And Sulfur Cycle In İzmir Bay, Fatma Güngör, Füsun Uçar

Turkish Journal of Biology

Qualitative seasonal distributions of sulfate-reducing bacteria, colorless sulfur bacteria, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in the water and sediment samples in the inner part of İzmir Bay were investigated in relation to certain physico-chemical parameters (pH, oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium). Denitrifying bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria were present in the sediment and even in the aerobic water samples. Hydrogen sulfide was found almost in all water samples measured but it was at lower concentrations. It is suggested that denitrifying bacteria and sulfate reducing bacteria which produce hydrogen sulfide are involved in the mineralization of organic matter. Members of Thiobacillus and …

In Vitro Propagation Of Thymus Sipyleus Boiss. (Lamiaceae), Bengi̇ Baba Erdağ, A. Kami̇l Yürekli̇

Turkish Journal of Biology

In vitro propagation of Thymus sipyleus Boiss. (Lamiaceae), an endemic from western Anatolia was investigated. Sterilized seeds of the plant were germinated on modified Murashige-Skoog medium (mMS) and Heller's nutrient media. Then, seedlings were transferred to Murashige-Skoog basal medium containing 0.4 mg/l Naphtaleneacetic acid, (NAA) and 3 mg/l Benzyladenin (BA) and then they formed callus where they were in contact with the medium. Plantlets which regenerated on the same medium formed multiple shoots within 2 weeks and they were rooted after the 4th subculture.

The Feeding Of Brachionus Plicatilis (Rotifera) With Different Microalgae Species, Isochrysis Galbana Parke, Tetraselmis Chuii (Bucker), Rhinomonas Reticulata (Lucas) Novamizo, Pavlova Lutheri (Droop) Green And Chlorella Vulgaris Beijerinck, Seli̇n Sayin, Oya Işik, Sevi̇m Polat

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study, the feeding of Brachionus plicatilis with different single cell microalgae species, Tetraselmis chuii, Isochrysis galbana, Pavlova lutheri, Chlorella vulgaris and Rhinomonas reticulata which are used widely for rotifer culture was investigated. At the first stage of the study, B. plicatilis was fed a mixture of T. chuii, C. vulgaris, I. galbana and R. reticulata the densities of which were 130x104, 650x10^4, 260x10^4 and 130x10^4 cell/ml respectively. The highest ingestion rate, namely 1643 cell/rot./min, was obtained with C. vulgaris. At the second stage, B. plicatilis was fed a the mixture of T. chuii and R. reticulata, of which …

Physiological Changes In Grapevines Induced By Osmotic Stress Originated From Salt And Their Role In Salt Resistance, Nuray Si̇vri̇tepe

Turkish Journal of Biology

Rooted cuttings of Çavuş (salt-resistant), Müşküle (salt-sensitive) and Sultani Çekirdeksiz (moderately salt-sensitive) grapevine cultivars, grown in perlite medium, were subjected to salt stress by irrigating them with 1/2 Hoagland nutrient solution including different NaCl concentrations (0.00, 0.50 and 0.75%). It was determined that stomatal conductance and transpiration were strongly inhibited in Müşküle and Sultani Çekirdeksiz with salt treatments, while these physiological activities were maintained with a controlled decrease in cv. Çavuş. Relative water content of leaves decreased while loss of turgor increased in cv. Müşküle due to the salt treatments. Similar changes were also observed in cv. Sultani Çekirdeksiz although …

The Problem Of The Gene, Michael Dietrich

Dartmouth Scholarship

During the early 20th century the diverse practices of genetics were unified by the concept of the gene. This classical gene was simultaneously a unit of structure, function, mutation, and recombination. Starting in the 1940s, however, the classical gene began to fragment. Today when we speak of a gene for some malady, a regulatory gene, a structural gene, or a gene frequency, it is entirely possible that we are deploying different gene concepts even though we are using the same term. The problem of the gene addresses the fragmentation of the classical gene concept by asking to what extent a …

Scientific Investigation Of The Plant Pathogen Agrobacterium Tumefaciens, Casey M. Flanagan, Christopher B. Crowell Ii, Bryan P. Markelz

Honors Theses

A. tumefaciensis a plant pathogen and causative agent of Crown Gall Disease, an ailment that results in the development of tumors in plants. It is a unique organism in that it is the only known non-viral pathogen that transfers its DNA into the host cell. Consequently, the majority of the research conducted on A. tumefaciensinvestigates its mechanism of infection. However, A. tumefaciensis also rare to the bacterial world in that its genome is comprised of two chromosomes: one circular and one linear. Most other bacteria only have one circular chromosome. This area of research has been grossly overlooked and therefore …

The Effects Of Forest Fragment Size, Isolation, And Microhabitat Variables On Nest Box Use By Southern Flying Squirrels (Glaucomys Volans) In Southern Illinois, Catherine Wong, Eric K. Bollinger, Thomas A. Nelson

Faculty Publications

We studied the effects of forest fragmentation on southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) in southern Illinois, and examined factors influencing nest box use. Ten nest boxes were placed in each of 30 oak-hickory forest fragments. Nest boxes were checked monthly after installation. We measured habitat variables that described the nest box tree, the microhabitat surrounding the nest box tree, and landscape level characteristics of the fragments (isolation and area). Overall, 78% of the 300 nest boxes were used. Glaucomys volans was captured in 24 of the 30 forest fragments, and evidence of squirrel use was found in 4 additional fragments. …

A Determination Of Parentage, Mating System, And Genetic Diversity In A Captive Population Of The Straw-Colored Fruit Bat (Eidolon Helvum), Jan Zinck

Dissertations and Theses

Small populations tend to lose genetic variability. The magnitude of this loss is influenced by the number of founding individuals, the genetic diversity of the founders, and the species mating system. Genetic variability is the basis of adaptive evolution, and the loss of genetic variability may have harmful effects on development, growth, and survival. Therefore, a primary management goal for small, captive populations is the retention of genetic variability. Of considerable importance to conservation biology is the determination of parentage, from which mating, genetic, and demographic information can be derived. Microsatellites provide a robust molecular evolutionary tool for the study …

Profiles Of The Highly Invasive Plants In Oregon Including Lists Of Oregon’S Invasive And Naturalized Plants, Rebekah Jane Harper

Dissertations and Theses

The study and control of invasive species are important issues in restoration ecology and land management. Invasive species are among the top contributors to habitat degradation worldwide. Unfortunately, information concerning invasive species and methods for their control is limited and widely scattered throughout the literature.

A comprehensive list of the naturalized and invasive species found in Oregon is important for monitoring invasive and potentially invasive species. It also provides a base of information for people interested in investigating invasive species; however, no such state-wide list existed for Oregon before this work.

Profiles for highly invasive species should provide information concerning …

The Cytogenetic Effects Of Npyr On Mice, Mehmet Korkmaz, Ahmet Çolak

Turkish Journal of Biology

The effects of N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) on mice chromosomes and micronucleus induction were investigated in order to evaluate its genotoxic effects. Twenty 10-12 week old mice and 40 8- 10 week old male mice ( Mus musculus var. albinos) were used for chromosome analysis without sex discrimination and micronucleus tests respectively. Mice were intraperitoneally treated in single injections with three dose levels (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) of NPYR with isotonic saline as the solvent vehicle. Bone marrow was sampled at 24 and 48 h postinjection. Examination of the mice bone marrow chromosomes at the metaphase (24 h) showed that in …

Detection Of Mutagenic Effects Of 2, 4, 5 Tri (Sübstitüe) Phenyl Imidazole And Its Derivatives In Ames/Salmonella/Test System, Ayşe Mercangöz, Berri̇n Ayaz Tüylü

Turkish Journal of Biology

The mutagenic effects of 2, 4, 5 tri-phenylimidazole and its nine different derivatives, which are aimed at producing medicine as a primary substance, were investigated by the Ames Salmonella/Microsome plate assay. The test compounds were directly effective, especially in the TA 98 strain. A relationship was found between the mutagenic effect and the positions of the methyl and methoxy groups.

Changes In Liver Cytoplasmic Glutathione-S-Transferase And Microsomalnitrosodimethylamine Demethylase Activities In Chicks Obtainedfollowing Daminozide Treatment, Yavuz Si̇li̇ğ, V. Kenan Çeli̇k, Ati̇lla Atalay

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study, microsomal nitrosodimethylamine demethylase (NDMAd) and cytoplasmic glutathione-s-tarnsferase (GST) activities in the livers of chicks obtained from the LD 10 (3 mg/ml) and LD 30 (9 mg/ml) doses of daminozide (Succinic acid 2,2-Dimethylhydrazide) injected Ross-Pm-3 fertilized chicken eggs were investigated. Spectrophotometric determination of NDMAd activity was performed at 412 nm by the detection of yellow coloured compound formed as a product of the reaction of formaldehyde with Nash reagent. No significant increase was observed in NDMAd activity (P>0.05) of the group treated with LD 10 dose although NDMAd activity was found to be significantly increased (P

The Use Of Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna(Rapd) Markers In Sex Discrimination In Niletilapia, Oreochromis Niloticus (Pisces: Cichlidae), Fevzi̇ Bardakci

Turkish Journal of Biology

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were successfully used in discrimination of sexes in Nile tilapia fish ( Oreochromis niloticus) using linear discriminant function analysis. The results provide support for the view that major genetical sex determining factors exist in tilapia.

Morphological Changes In Xenopus Laevisembryoswith Lithium And Evaluation Of The Fetax Test, Ayper Boğa, Seçi̇l Bi̇nokay, Ayşe Kendi̇rci̇, Tuncay Özgünen, Emi̇ne Kizilkanat

Turkish Journal of Biology

The main goal was to standardize the FETAX (Frog Embryos Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus) test. Since lithium ions are known to be teratogenic for embryos of many organisms, they were prefferred for our first standardization assay. Xenopus laevis embryos were exposed to lithium chloride (from 2x10 -4 to 6 x 10 -3 M concentrations) for 96 hours at 2-4 cell stages of development. Exposure to lower LiCl concentrations permitted larvae to survive and to develop into normal ones. On the other hand, depending on the increase in the LiCl concentration, the body length and survival rate (%) decreased. In addition, the …

The Effect Of Kinetin, Gibberellic Acid And Indoleacetic Acid On Ems-Induced Somatic Mutation Andrecombination In Drosophila Melanogaster, Eli̇f Yeşi̇lada

Turkish Journal of Biology

The effect of plant growth hormones (kinetin, gibberellic acid (GA 3) and indole acetic acid (IAA)) on EMS-induced mutant wing spots was studied with the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster.GA 3 reduced all kinds of EMS-induced spot. While a 10 -3 M concentration of kinetin reduced only the number of EMS-induced twin spots, a 10 -4 M concentration was seen to increase the number of all types of spot. The same concentrations of IAA gave variable results. A 10 -4 M concentration of IAA caused a decrease only in the number of large single spots. Our …

Am1 Treatment Of Some Phenoxyacetic Acidherbicides, Lemi̇ Türker

Turkish Journal of Biology

AM1-type semiempirical quantum chemical calculations were carried out to explain differences in herbicidal activity between certain phenoxyacetic acid derivatives. It was found that the proper orientation and shape of the COOH group and the phenyl moiety both mutually and individually affected the observed activities.

Increase Of The \Alpha-Amylase Yield By Some Bacillusstrains, Eli̇f Sarikaya, Veli̇tti̇n Gürgün

Turkish Journal of Biology

In order to obtain high amounts of \alpha-amylase enzyme from Bacillus bacteria a new medium was developed. In this medium, three strains of Bacillus bacteria were grown in the presence of different carbon, nitrogen and metal ions. The highest \alpha-amylase yield was obtained by addition of Na-citrate, strach and sucrose for the strains of B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens I and B. amyloliquefaciens II, respectively. As a nitrogen source, yeast extract was found to be effective on enzyme yield for B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens II, while ammonium sulfate was found to be effective for B. amyloliquefaciens I. None of the …

Longevity In Some Wild Type And Hybrid Strains Ofdrosophila Melanogaster, Şükran Çakir, Ali̇ Ni̇hat Bozcuk

Turkish Journal of Biology

It is known that aging is a multifactorial mechanism composed of both genetic and environmental components. The main evolutionary theories of aging are antagonistic pleiotropy and mutation accumulation, neither of which has substantial experimental support yet. In this study, the longevities of three wild type strains of Drosophila melanogaster and F1 hybrids derived from them were determined. Heterosis caused an increase in the adult lifespan of F1 hybrids.

Isolation, Characterization And Identification Ofthiram-Degrading Microorganisms From Soilenrichment Cultures, Nuretti̇n Şahi̇n, Abdurrahman Üsame Tamer

Turkish Journal of Biology

Mixed microbial cultures were obtained by enrichment from soil samples collected from the Gediz basin. A number of species of bacteria and fungi were isolated and partially characterized from enrichment clutures containing the fungicide thiram. According to their responses in morphological and biochemical tests fungi were identified as Aspergillus niger, A. flavus and Penicilium steckii. Bacterial isolates were assigned to the genera: Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Moraxella-like Acinetobacter and Streptomyces. Islates grew in a mineral salts medium containing 0.2 mg/ml thiram and no growth factors were required.

Distributions And Possible Roles Of Laminin, Fibronectin And Theirreceptor Subunits Integrin \Beta4 And \Alpha5 In Remodelling Of Extracellularmatrix During Decidualization In Rats, Ümi̇t Ali̇ Kayişli, Mevlüt Asar, Ramazan Demi̇r

Turkish Journal of Biology

In the endometrium preparing for pregnancy, the stromal matrix components of the cells and their products begin structural differentiation due to endometrial receptivity. According to the hypothesis that 'extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and adhesion molecules take roles in the structural differentiation as a result of endometrial decidualization', our aim was to determine the roles of ECM molecules laminin, fibronectin and adhesion proteins integrin \alpha5 and \beta4 in the decidulization and implantation by examining the emergence and changing distribution of these proteins. In this study, five experimental groups, consisting of 40 pregnant animals on pregnancy days 4-8, were used. Paraffin tissue …

Identification Of Lactoce Plasmids In Lactococcus Lastic Subsp. Lactisstains, Çağla Tükel, Mustafa Akçeli̇k

Turkish Journal of Biology

Plasmids encoding lactic acid fermentation ability were investigated in 50 strains of L. lactis subsp. lactis. Acriflavine was used for the elimination of lactose fermentation ability (Lac + ) from wild type strains. Lactose negative (Lac - ) mutants were selected on lactose indicator agar media. Six different lactose plasmids were identified for fifty strains by comparison of plasmid profiles of Lac - and Lac + mutants. The molecular sizes of these lactose plasmids ranged between 26.3 and 38.5 kb.

Studies On Genetic And Breeding In Sesame ( Sesamum Indicum L.)I. Inheritance Of The Characters Determining The Plant Type, Hasan Baydar, İsmai̇l Turgut

Turkish Journal of Biology

The inheritance of the morphogenetical characters determining the plant types, maternal and cytoplasmic effects on oleic and linoleic acids in sesame was determined. The results obtained from the F 1 generation indicated that 1) bicarpellate capsule was dominant over quadricarpellate, 2) single capsule per leaf axil was dominant over three-capsule 3) branched stem type was dominant over non-branched stem type, 4) lobed leaf shape was dominant over simple or ovate leaf shape, 5) hairiness was dominant over hairless, 6) colored seed coat color was dominant over white seed coat color. The results obtained from the F 2 generation indicated that …

Population Dynamics Of Horse Mackerel (Trachurus Trachurus L., 1758)Stocks In The Mid Black Sea, Turkey, Şennan Yücel, İbrahi̇m Erkoyuncu

Turkish Journal of Biology

The aim of the present study, which was carried out on 720 individuals between October 1995 and September 1996 in the mid Black Sea region was to estimate some parameters of the population of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus L. 1758) including age, size, weight, sex compositions, growth and mortality rates. Ages between 0 and 7 were established in horse mackerel stock. The weight-length relationship was calculated as; W= 0.00759L 3.05 , condition factor 0.843 and the Von-Bertalanffy growth formulas were, Lt= 16.92 (1- -0.3538 (t+2.7938) ) Wt= 47.11 (1-e -0.3538 (t+2.7938) ) 3.05 . Instantaneous total mortality coefficient, natural mortality …

Cytogenetic Effects Of Copper Chloride On The Root Tip Cells Of Viciahirsuta (L.) S. F. Gray, Hüseyi̇n İnceer, Osman Beyazoğlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

The cytogenetic effects of copper chloride on root tip cells of Vicia hirsuta were investigated. Seeds were treated with 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L of the copper chloride for 4, 12, 24 and 48 hours. It was found that copper chloride has a marked mitodepressive action on mitosis. Mitotic abnormalities were increased and the mitotic index was decreased depending on the concentration and duration time of the copper chloride applied.

The Effect Of Cadmium Nitrate On The Longevity Of Drosophilamelanogaster, Eli̇f Yeşi̇lada, Lütfi̇ye Gelegen

Turkish Journal of Biology

The effect of cadmium nitrate on the longevity of Drosophila melanogaster was tested. When cadmium nitrate was given throughout the adult life it caused a decrease in the mean life-span of flies in all treated groups. Furthermore, the effect of cadmium nitrate on young populations was also compared with aged populations. The young populations survived longer than aged populations with the food medium containing cadmium nitrate.

The Isolation And Characterization Of Glucoamylase Enzyme Of Anaspergillus Niger Natural Isolate, Gökhan Coral, Ömer Çolak

Turkish Journal of Biology

An extracellular glucoamylase enzyme was isolated from Aspergillus niger Z10 natural isolate in a liquid Czapek Dox medium which contained soluble starch (2%) as the sole carbon source. The molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be about 100.000 Daltons through Starch-SDS Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. The optimal pH range of the enzyme was found to be 4.5-5.5 and it was determined that the thermal stability of this enzyme is quite high.

The Seasonal Variation In Total Lipid And Fatty Acid Contents Of Thegonads Of Cyprinion Macrostomus (Heckel, 1843), Kubi̇lay Meti̇n, Mehmet Ali̇ Akpinar

Turkish Journal of Biology

The seasonal variation in total lipid and total fatty acid contents of the gonads of Cyprinion macrostomus(HECKEL, 1843) living in the Topardiç Brook (Kangal-Sivas) were investigated. It was observed that the variations in the gonad weights and the amount of total lipid and total fatty acid in the gonad of the male and female fish were more noticeable especially at the time of gonad development and the spawning period. The total lipid and total fatty acid amount which increased during the spawning period showed a decrease at the end of this period.

Germin, An Oxalate Oxidase, Has A Function In Manyaspects Of Plant Life, Mahmut Çalişkan

Turkish Journal of Biology

Germin, a molecular marker of wheat embryo germination, is a remarkably protease-resistant, apoplastic, homopentameric glycoprotein. Different forms of germin found to be related to various aspects of plant development have been discovered. Germins were determined in cereals, dicotyledonous angiosperms, gymnosperms and in a prosit, all these proteins are together called germin-like proteins due to their DNA sequence homology. Cereal germins have oxalate oxidase activity, an activity which generates hydrogen peroxide by degrading oxalic acid. Both of these molecules have been implied in the regulation of cell development, differentiation, signalling and defence systems of plants. The germin-like proteins found in dicotyledonous …