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Cellular Immunity In Children With Down Syndrome (Trisomy-21), Roger Lee Noble

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Individuals with Down syndrome (US) suffer from increased incidence of respiratory infections and lymphoblastic leukemia, and a death rate that is particularly high in the first 5 years of life. Relatively few studies have probed immune parameters in young US children. Primary immune defects in DS may be masked by a degree of immune maturity in adults, and hygienic factors may have an effect on immune capability throughout the years. A study of young children can give clearer evidence of the actual primary immune defects in DS.

Blood samples were drawn from 20 DS children under 6 years old and …

Foliar Penetration Of A Fungicide As Detected By Scanning Electron Microscopy And Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis, C. R. Krause

Scanning Electron Microscopy

CU II hydroxide, (Cu(OH)₂) a fungicide, produces injury as a result of "chemical burn" or phytotoxicity on some plants. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis were used to characterize chlorosis on red maple leaves following foliar applications of Cu(OH)₂. Copper was located with X-ray mapping in foliar mesophyll cells of trees sprayed with Cu(OH)₂ but not in leaves of trees sprayed with distilled H₂O.

Natural Killer Activity In Gardner's Syndrome, Ann Marie Stembridge

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Gardner's syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease presenting multiple colonic polyps with a predisposition for malignant change. In addition to colonic polyp formation by early adolescence, extracolonic lesions appear often prior to polyp formation. One theoretical mechanism for the origin of polyps and malignancies in Gardner's syndrome is a genetic defect in the natural killer cell activity of patients with this disease. Natural killer cells are a subpopulation of lymphocytes that spontaneously lyse tumor cells and virally transformed cells. A study was undertaken to determine the natural killer activity of patients with Gardner's syndrome.

A technique termed chromium release was …

Heligmosomoides Thomomyos Sp. N. (Nematoda: Heligmosomidae) From Pocket Gophers, Thomomys Spp. (Rodentia: Geomyidae), In Oregon And California, Scott L. Gardner, Douglas Jasmer

Scott L. Gardner Publications

The nematode Heligmosomoides thomomyos sp. n. is described from the small intestine of Thomomys bulbivorus and T. bottae. This is the first report of Heligmosomoides from rodents of the family Geomyidae.

Nematodes of the genus Heligmosomoides Hall, 1916 occur most commonly in arvicolid rodents. Of the 26 known species of the genus, 11 have been recorded from Nearctic rodents (Rausch and Rausch, 1973). In North America, Heligmosomoides spp. have been recorded not only from voles, but also from cricetids and murids. Heligmosomoides spp. characteristically inhabit the small intestine or cecum of their host, where they usually are found …

The Biological Effect Of Evernimicin B On Bacillus Subtilis W2 3 And Three Antibiotic-Resistant Strains Of Staphylococcus Aureus, Steven Bogach

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

One strain of Bacillus subtilis and three antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus were employed to determine the biological effects of everninomicin B (EvB), a naturally occurring antibiotic produced by Micromonospora carbonacea (NRRL 2972) and M. carbonacea var. aurantiaca. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EvB for B. subtilis was 1.2 x 10^-3 µmole/ml of EvB in glucose minimal broth and 2.6 x 10^-3 µmole/ml of EvB in nutrient broth. MIC values of EvB for S. aureus were 3.25 x 10^-4 µmole/ml of EvB for strains resistant to penicillin or tetracycline and 6.5 x 10^-4 µmole/ml of …

Effects Of Ddt Upon The Hematology And Immunology Of The Goldfish (Carassius Auratus), Maurice G. Zeeman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

DDT can cause hematological and immunological alterations in mammals and birds. Interference with normal hematological and immunological defense systems has been strongly linked to increased incidences of disease and tumors. Fish exposed to pesticides have been noted to be more susceptible to disease. This study examined DDT effects on goldfish hematological and immunological parameters.

Adult goldfish were kept in 250 liter aquaria at 25 ± 1° C. Fish were dosed intraperitoneally with p,p'-DDT in corn oil. Doses ranged from 0 to 500 mg/kg for acute (96 hour) hematology studies to 0 to 50 mg/kg for sub-acute hematology and immunology studies. …

Agar Plate Culture Of Selected Trypanosomatidae, Amy Doran Keppel

School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Summary

The study of trypanosomatid biology would benefit greatly from the acquisition of a tool for culturing such as those used in microbiology. Agar plate culture has been described several times, but until the present its potential for use in this area has been underestimated. The previous work has demonstrated that this culture method may be used to culture a wide variety of species, that these species give rise to identifiable colony phenotypes, and that these are stable regardless of the life cycle stage used to initiate the culture. It was also shown that colonies could be initiated from the …

Concomitant Infections With The Parasites Trypanosoma Musculi Kendall, 1906 And Trichinella Spiralis (Owen, 1835) Raillet, 1896 In The Laboratory Mouse, Musmusculus, Joan Chew Liang Tan

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Four groups of female Swiss Webster mice were injected intraperitoneally with similar volumes of normal saline, sonicated Trypanosoma musculi and saline, sonicated trypanosomes and Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) and FCA. When the mice became immune and thus responded negatively to a T. musculi challenge, sera were collected and administered to four other groups of mice to establish passive immunity in these animals.

An established dose of innoculum of Trichinella spiralis larvae (8.1 larvae/gram of body weight) was given to all the mice by gastric gavage. These mice were killed 26 days later and the musculature digested with artificial gastric juice …

The Feasibility Of Detecting Poliovirus I In Water By Radioimmunoassay, Sheril K. Charba

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

A microtiter, solid-phase, indirect radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been developed and evaluated as a method for detecting poliovirus in water samples. Antiserum to poliovirus Type I, LSc2ab, was prepared in rabbits, and high titer, high avidity antiserum to rabbit globulins were radio- actively labeled with 125I by a modification of the Bolton-Hunter and chloramine T methods to increasing specific activities. The immunoreactivity of the labeled antibodies was assessed. After the preparation and standardization of all components of the assay. The optimum assay conditions were determined. These conditions included the method of coating the microtiter wells with antigen, the time and temperature …

A Study Of Lymphocyte Subpopulations In Allergic And Asthmatic Patients, Cleora W. Barnwell

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

The role of T and B lymphocytes in the human immune response has been studied in allergic and asthmatic patients by many investigators. Theories of suppressed cellular immunity have been reported showing decreased levels of T cells in peripheral blood. Elevated levels of IgE, an antibody, have been reported in these conditions, but not shown to be significant in distinguishing the different types of asthma. A double blind study of 19 allergic and 42 asthmatic individuals was conducted measuring T and B cell levels and IgE levels. The asthmatic group was subdivided into three types, intrinsic, extrinsic and mixed. The …

The Wavelength Dependence Of Ultraviolet Enhanced Reactivation In A Mammalian Cell-Virus System, Leslie C. James

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the wavelength region 230 nm to 302 nm on the ability of an irradiated mammalian cell to reactivate UV-irradiated mammalian virus was tests. An action spectrum for radiation enhanced reactivation (RER) Is presented. The shape of the action spectrum points to a combined nucleic acid protein target for UV radiation effects on this cellular parameter. An analysis of the results of others involving the biochemical and photobiological events involved in the RER does not allow the identification of the macromolecule which is the major contributor to this effect. Studies involving an analogous phenomenon …

Biochemical And Antibiogram Characteristics Of Certain Enterobacteriaceae, John Shaffer

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

This study is a continuation of the investigations of Hall (1976), Storey (1977), and Berkowitz (1978) on antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated from local hospitals in Stockton, California. It extends the work of Hall (1976) on the K-E-S group to include three species of Proteus and Escherichia coli. New antibiotics (tobramycin, amikacin and cefamandole) are also added to the antibiogram.

Effects Of Types 1 And 2 Herpes Simplex Viruses On Several Fish Tissue Culture Systems, Raymond Charles Harry

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this investigation was to observe changes induced by types 1 and 2 herpes simplex viruses (HSV 1 and HSV 2) when these viruses were cultivated in fish cells. The possibility of attempting to use human strains of herpesviruses in order to transform normal fish tissue culture preparations was considered. Three different fish cell cultures were tested: CHSE-214 cell lines were derived from embryonic chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and STE-137 cell lines were obtained from embryonic steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri). Cells isolated from immature ovaries of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were propagated …

A Comparison Of The In Vitro Phagocytic Activity Of Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes And Alveolar Macrophages From Man And Rabbits, Thomas S. Harrison

Biology ETDs

It has been thought for many years that the alveolar macrophage is the primary agent responsible for prevention or bacterial invasion or the lung. Numerous studies with Staphylococcus aureua, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli. Klebsiella, and Proteus have been cited to substantiate this statement. Together these organisms cause less than ten per cent of human bacterial pneumonias. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that the alveolar macrophage is capable of bacterial clearance with time. Sadly lacking ss evidence that alveolar macrophages readily phagocytose Streptococcus pneumoniae which are responsible tor greater than ninety percent of all bacterial pneumonias. The …

Current Status Of Murine Typhus, Dorothy Wilson Freeman

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Delayed-Hypersensitivity Reactions Provoked By Ribosomes From Acid-Fast Bacilli - Physical Characteristics And Immunological Aspects Of Core Ribosomal-Proteins From Mycobacterium-Smegmatis, R. V. Loge, Walter E. Hill, Robert E. Baker, C. L. Larson

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Ribosomes Of Acid-Fast Bacilli - Immunogenicity, Serology, And In-Vitro Correlates Of Delayed-Hypersensitivity, Robert E. Baker, Walter E. Hill, C. L. Larson

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Resistance Of Mice To Infection With Friend Disease Virus After Subcutaneous Injection Of Friend Virus And Friend Spleen-Cells, C. L. Larson, R. N. Ushijima, S. K. Kasuga, Robert E. Baker, M. B. Baker

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Quantitative Growth Relationships Of Microcoleus Vaginatus (Gom.) Ex Drouet And Alcaligenes Sp. In A Sucrose-Salts Medium, James Rexford Brownell

Master's Theses

The blue-green alga, Microcoleus vaginatus (Gom.) ex Drouet 1968, and a bacterium, Alcaligenes sp., collected from the same habitat, were cultured together and separately in mineral salts media with and without sucrose. Growth of axenic M. vaginatus was stimulated by sucrose. In association with the bacterium in sucrose-containing media algal growth was suppressed, while in inorganic media it was stimulated. Factors involved in this algal-bacterial system probably included competition for the carbon source, changes in pH, and accumulation of cellular waste and lytic products.

The Comparative Histochemistry Of The Infective Oncospheres Of Oochoristica Osheroffi Meggitt, 1934, And Oochoristica Scelopori Voge And Fox, 1950, (Cyclophyllidea: Linstowiidae) With Notes On The Origins Of The Egg Membranes, Gary R. Coulter

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Infective oncospheres of Oochorlstica osheroffi and Oochoristica scelopori were compared using fifteen histochemical tests. Vital stains were also used.

Carnoy’s-fixed gravid proglottids were vacuum-embedded in a paraffin-piccolyte mixture and cut transversely at 6 microns. Sections were tested for the presence of phosphatases, proteins, sclerotin precursors, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and acid mucopolysaccharides.

Oncospheres were histochemlcally very similar. Heavy concentrations of mucoproteins and glycoproteins were detected in the oncospheral coat of O. scelopori. Acid phosphatase was found in the embryophore of O. osheroffi, but could not be demonstrated in O. scelopori. No evidence of a sclerotized egg capsule was …

Some Aspects Of Carbohydrate Metabolism In The Cercariae Of Schistosoma Mansoni Sambon, 1907, A. Eugene Dunham Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Cercariac of Schistosoma mansoni were studied for glycogen utilization, uptake of glucose from solution, lactic acid production, and respiration.

Using the anthrone method of determination of carbohydrate, the amount of glycogen used by a single cercaria in 4 hours is determined as 43.2 x 10^-4 μg ± 6.6 x 10^-4 μg.

Glucose was not observed to have been used from solution under the conditions of the experiment, even in the presence of trehalose. The determinations were made by the Glucostat method.

After deproteinization and desugarization, aliquots of supernatant from cercarial suspensions were analyzed for lactic acid using p-phenylphenol …

Concurrent Infections Of Schistosoma Mansoni And Trypanosoma Equiperdum In Mice, Venus Ee-Siriporn

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this investigation was to determine factors which may influence the survival time of mice infected with Trypanosoma equiperdum and the effects of T. equiperdum on mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni.

In order to maintain experimentally obtained standard hours of survival (88 hrs) in mice inoculated intraperitoneally with 150,000 T. equiperdum, it was found that trypanosomes removed from the donor rat should be kept at 25 C and all counts, dilutions of the organisms, and injection should be completed within 1 hour after removal from the donor host. Survival time of mice is increased as the …

Carbon Dioxide Fixation In Schistosoma Mansoni, Clint Earl Carter

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Adults of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni were perfused from the hepatic portal system of CF1 female mice sixty to seventy days post infection. The worms were then incubated in Eagle’s minimal essential medium with glutamate and 0.03 mg/100 ml of nonlabelled aspartic acid. To this medium was added 10 μc of either NaH¹⁴0₃, glucose-UC¹⁴ or aspartate-4-C¹⁴. The worms were found to fix carbon from the NaH¹⁴0₃ and to incorporate the glucose and aspartate. The amount of activity recovered in five different chemical fractions after two hours incubation was determined …

The Effect Of Schistosoma Mansoni On Free Amino Acid Levels In Mice, Richard D. Tkachuck

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Free amino acid levels in the blood plasma of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907, were measured at 3, 6, and 9 weeks post-infection with an automatic amino acid analyzer. Significant differences between experimental and control animals occurred at all three time periods. At 3 weeks, asparagine, alanine, citrulline, proline, methionine, and threonine levels all were lower in the infected animals. At 6 weeks, four differences were noted. Alpha-amino-n-butyric acid, ornithine, lysine, and histidine all had lower values in infected animals. At 9 weeks there were 12 differences. Tyrosine, phenylalanine, threonine, serine, proline, citrulline, glycine, alanine, valine, isoleucine, and …

Relation Between Use Of Lincomycin And Outgrowth Of Yeast, Howard W. Clapp

Masters Theses

Introduction

The use of antibiotics has increased the average life expectancy of mankind. They have prevented and cured infectious diseases that previously terminated in death. Consequently, recovery is often prompt and complete.

Though a benefit to mankind, the use of antibiotics in the treatment of infectious disease has also been accompanied by new problems. For example, treatment of a primary infection such as a bacterial pneumonitis with a broad spectrum antibiotic, may result in the death of some of the bacteria. More than one species of bacteria, however, are often found in the infected area. If such be the situation, …

Rapid Identification Of Streptococcal Infections Using Fluorescent Antibody Techniques, James H. Meadows

Biology ETDs

The use of fluorescent microscopy coupled with immunological techniques offer new methods for the demonstration of antigen-antibody reactions. The adaptation of these techniques to grouping of beta hemolytic streptococci makes feasible their further adaptation toward identification of group A streptococci in clinical material. Commercially available labeled antibodies against group A beta hemolytic streptococci were obtained for use in this study. A method for the determination of labeled antisera specificity is proposed and a technique for absorbing out any heterologous reacting antibody is described. Using this commercial labeled antisera, subsequent to specificity studies plus absorption if necessary, adaptations of basic fluorescent …

The Effect Of Sulfanilamide On The Spleen, Kidney, And Erythrocytes Of The Albino Rat, Paul M. Bergen

Bachelors’ Theses

Sulfanilamide today is recognized somewhat as a magical drug since it is being used in the cure of so many different diseases. Therefore it was my desire to experiment with it. The problem which the author has endeavored to solve has been, as the title implies, just what effect the drug has upon the blood, the cells of the spleen and the kidney. It has been my aim to verify or refute the findings of experimenters who have delved in the field previous to my experimentation, l and to attempt to give some explanation for the findings.

Resistance To Staphylococcus Aureus In White Rats, Robina B. Langill

Bachelors’ Theses

An investigation of bibliographies shows that staphylococcus aureus in its pathogenic potentialities has been extensively investigated from varied points of view and with frequently conflicting results.

Staphylococcus aureus is most frequently associated with furuncles, wound infection, and minor skin abcesses. Occasionally, however, due to extreme lowered resistance or other conditions not fully understood, staphylococcus causes a septicaemia which is attended by an 80% mortality rate. Post-mortem examinations of the victims of such septicaemia show an extensive invasion of all organs of the body by the bacteria but more particularly a hyperplasia of the lymph nodes, the spleen and thymus, indicating …

A Study Of The Relation Of Temperature To Antibody Formation In Cold-Blooded Animals, Earl C. Mcdaniel

Biology ETDs

It is an established fact that when warm-blooded animals are inoculated with foreign protein, in a great many instances they become immune, due to the formation of antibodies specific for the protein injected. In warm-blooded animals the body temperature is constant. The question naturally arises as to what the situation would be with regard to antibody formation in a cold-blooded animal where body temperature is not constant; also what part, if any, the temperature of the body would have to do with the antibody formation.

In a careful review of the literature practically nothing could be found in having direct …

Some Monogenetic Trematodes From The Galapagos Islands And The Neighboring Pacific, Frank Grose Meserve

School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Introduction

Trematodes are parasitic, unsegmented, flattened (rarely cylindrical) worms. They have ventral, anterior, posterior or median attachment organs. The sense organs are poorly developed. The mouth is terminal or ventral and subterminal. The intestine is usually forked with or without lateral branches. The animals, with few exceptions, are hermaphroditic. The ovary is usually single. They have one, two, or more testes. The development is direct with only one host in the ectoparasitic Monogenea and indirect in the Digenea which have two or more hosts. The digenetic trematodes usually parasitize vertebrates which serve as their primary hosts and invertebrates (Mollusca) which …