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Spermatogenesis In The Mosquito Eretmapodites Quinquevittatus, Robert Daniel Hunter Jr.

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations (1964–2006)

Various stages of spermatogenesis in pupal testes of the mosquito Eretmapodites quinquevittatus (Theobald) were determined by 2% 1acto-aceto-orcein and silver nitrate staining techniques. Temporal relationships of stages were demonstrated and behavior and appearance of meiotic chromosomes were described.

Pupal testes were most active meiotically for the first 12-14 hours after onset of pupation. The prepachytene stage of leptotene and a nucleolus were observed with the use of silver nitrate staining. Experimental observations demonstrated the first spermatids and visible mature sperm at 6-8 and 18 hours, respectively, after onset on pupation. E. quinquevittatus mean sperm size was reported (head = 50 …

Multivariate Analysis Of Competition And Habitat Use Of Small Mammals In Florida Sand Pine Scrub, C.E. Jr. Swindell

Retrospective Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Biology Of Two Species Of Crayfish In Southwestern Lake Michigan, John P. Quinn

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Isolation Of The Nitrate Reductase Structural Gene In Cucurbita Maxima, Joyce Ostberg

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Behavioral Responses Of Drosophila Robusta And Drosophila Tripunctata In Response To A Temperature And Humidity Gradient, Ellen E. Hostert

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Temperature may be a major factor limiting distribution and abundance of species in the wild. It may be the main influence determining the seasonal abundances of two native species, Drosophila robusta and D. tripunctata, both of which have been collected from a lowland forest . Survival studies indicate that D. tripunctata does not survive as well at high temperatures (27 and 30°c) as does D. robusta (Seager, unpublished data). This suggests that the responses of these two species when placed in a temperature and humidity gradient may be responsible for the difference i n seasonal abundances noted by Jennings et …

The Behavioral Ecology Of The Cooperatively Breeding Harris' Hawk In Southeastern New Mexico, James Cary Bednarz

Biology ETDs

I describe the breeding pattern and system of the Harris' Hawk (Perebuteo unicinctus) and test several hypotheses that have been proposed to explain avian cooperative breeding systems. Individual Harris' Hawks were color-marked and monitored for a 40-month period in southeastern New Mexico. Between 29% and 70% of Harris' Hawk social units made a second breeding attempt in either late summer or autumn within each year, often following successful spring breeding. Clutches were initiated between 17 February and 1 November. The interbrood period was positively correlated with the size of the first brood. The number of second nests initiated was correlated …

Plasticity Of Expression Of A Synaptic Vesicle Antigen In Adult Rat Superior Cervical Ganglion, Karen F. Greif

Biology Faculty Research and Scholarship

The effects of deafferentation and alterations of synaptic activity on levels of a synaptic vesicle-specific membrane protein (SV) were studied in the adult rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) in vivo, using a monoclonal antibody directed against the protein. Levels of SV were quantified by radioimmunoassay. Deafferentation of the SCG results in a transient increase in SV levels in the SCG on days 7 and 10 after surgery, with levels then dropping below control levels on days 14, 21, and 30 after surgery. Immunohistochemical labeling of deafferented ganglia indicates that the increase is confined to the perikarya of principal ganglionic neurons. …

Late Pleistocene Sciurids From Kokoweef Cave, H. Thomas Goodwin

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Three local (Tamias panamintinus, Ammospermophilus leucurus and Spermophilus variegatus) and five extralocal (Tamias minimus, Tamias palmeri, Marmota flaviventris, Spermophilus townsendii, and Spermophilus lateralis) sciurid species (Sciuridae) were identified from the late Pleistocene-early Holocene Kokoweef Cave paleofauna. This fauna was the first documentation of T. minimus, T. palmeri and S. townsendii from the Pleistocene of the Mohave Desert. The 30-ft sedimentary sequence apparently recorded the mid-to late-Wisconsian introduction of S. lateralis into the Kokweef fauna but otherwise documented general taxonomic stability. The ecological diversity of the fauna was consistent with--but did not require--the hypothesis of more equable late Pleistocene climates, and …

The Windy Harbour-Augusta Rock Lobster Working Group. Interim Report By The Chairman Mr. A. Pallot To The Western Australian Fishing Industry., A. Pallot

Fisheries Management Papers

Summary of Recommendations: Boat Access: That the Windy Harbour-Augusta Rock Lobster Fishery be declared a limited entry fishery. That the limited entry fishery related to the taking of Western Rock Lobster (Panulirue cygnus) and Southern Rock Lobster (Jasus novaehollandiae) That the southern boundary of Zone E of the W.C.R.L.F. terminate at a point where it intersects with a line drawn in a southerly direction from the Cape Leeuwin lighthouse. That the eastern boundary remain at Point D'Entrecasteaux (approximately 1160east longitude). That the western and southern boundaries by limits of the Australian Fishing Zone. That the season be for the period …

Body Size, Nest Predation, And Reproductive Patterns In Brown Thrashers And Other Mimids, Michael T. Murphy, Robert C. Fleischer

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

We describe the breeding biology of Brown Thrashers (Toxostoma rufum) in Kansas, and combine this with data from other temperate-zone breeding Mimidae to characterize reproductive patterns in this group. Brown Thrashers produced clutches of 3 to 6 eggs, but clutches of 4 predominated. Most pairs raised 2 broods per year. Incubation required between 13 and 14 days, and hatching was usually asynchronous. Though sample size was small, asynchrony appeared to increase in frequency towards the end of the breeding season. Nestlings grew rapidly, and in 10 days or less most pre-fledgingg rowthw as completed. Young fledgedn ormallya t 11 days …

Study Of A Small Mammal Population In Bowling Green, Kentucky, Richard Cambron

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The small mammal population of a restricted study area was live-trapped on the University farm at Western Kentucky University from November 1984 through November 1985. A total of 1800 trap-nights yielded 81 different individuals representing five species. Members of the genera Peromyscus and Microtus were the dominant individuals representing over 90% of the total. Also caught were Mus musculus and Blarina brevicauda. The members of the two major genera were examined for population size and dynamics. In addition, a statistical analysis was carried out on the randomness of the location of the home ranges. This analysis gave evidence that …

Effects Of Acid Ph On Embryonic And Juvenile Freshwater Fish, Barbara A. Ramey, Lee E. Colton

KWRRI Research Reports

The effects of sulfuric acid on embryos, larvae, and juvenile fish were examined using standard bioassay techniques, as well as in a preference/ avoidance behavioral test. The objectives were to compare the sensitivities of the various ages of fish to acid and to assess the use of the behavioral test in a hazard assessment program. In an 8-day static renewal bioassay, embryos and larvae of the fathead minnow were not affected at a pH of 4.92 and above, but pH 3.57 produced complete mortality prior to hatching. In 96- hr acute bioassays, 8-wk juvenile fathead minnows survived 100% at pH's …

Apid Increase In Serum Calcium In Response To Stress In Pomoxis Nigromaculatus, Black Crappie, Severn Borden Churn

Master's Theses

Serum calcium levels were determined colorimetrically in Pomoxis nigromaculatus, the black crappie, subjected to rapid changes in temperature. Two experiments were conducted; in the first, fish were exposed to stress for 30 minutes before measuring serum calcium, and in the second, fish were exposed to stress for 5 minutes and returned to normal conditions for 25 minutes before measuring serum calcium. Condit ion (K-value) and sexual development were noted for the fish. Serum calcium increased in all stressed fish, regardless of sex, but higher serum calcium values were observed in stressed mature females than in stressed males or stressed immature …

Hemodynamics During Pregnancy: A Model For Cardiac Enlargement, David James Mendelson

Dissertations and Theses

Cardiac output increases by 30-50% during mammalian pregnancy. This increase is reflected by elevation in both heart rate and stroke volume. The primary mechanism of increased stroke volume appears to be cardiac enlargement, rather than increased preload, afterload, or contractility. Animal studies have shown that enlargement of the heart occurs prior to an increase in uterine blood flow during pregnancy and this type of enlargement can be mimicked by sex steroid administration.

Systemic vascular resistance greatly decreases during pregnancy and with sex steroid administration. It has been postulated that systemic vascular resistance may be a signal for heart size changes. …

Brood Parasitism Of Eastern Kingbirds By Brown-Headed Cowbirds, Michael T. Murphy

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Understanding why brood parasites lay eggs in the nests of hosts that reject eggs is hampered by insuf-ficient data on the frequency with which parasites lay in rejecter nests, and by ignorance of which in-dividuals practice this seemingly inappropriate be-havior. Parasitism rates of rejecters can be deter-mined only when host nests are observed during egg laying because most parasite eggs are rejected rapidly (e.g. Scott 1977). Even then, however, a certain per-centage of parasitized nests may go undetected. De-termining the selective value of host defense mech-anisms also depends on knowledge of the frequency of parasitism, and the amount of reproductive …

Body Size And Condition, Timing Of Breeding, And Aspects Of Egg Production In Eastern Kingbirds, Michael T. Murphy

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Variation in timing of breeding in Eastern Kingbirds (Tyrannus tyrannus) was correlated only weakly with external morphological characters, but was correlated positively and significantly with estimates of body size based on measurements of skeletons and muscle weights. Small females apparently held a reproductive advantage in being able to mobilize resources for reproduction before large females. Egg weight was independent of all measures of female size, but was directly and significantly (P = 0.03) correlated with standard flight muscle weight, a relative index of body condition. Egg size was thus a function more of female body condition than size. On average, …

Correlative Scanning Electron Microscopy In The Study Of Human Gastric Mucosa, F. Bonvicini, M. C. Maltarello, P. Versura, D. Bianchi, G. Gasbarrini, R. Laschi

Scanning Electron Microscopy

We studied two aspects of the human gastric mucosa: - the surface morphology of mucous cells, as viewed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); - the glycosidic components of intracellular mucins, characterized by means of lectins. The latter were conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate and with colloidal gold-silver for the visualization of the reaction products in light microscopy (LM) and in SEM (backscattered mode) respectively.

The surface morphology of mucous cells appears to be correlated to the secretory state.In gastric ulcers we found a prevalence of non-secreting cells. A decrease in glycosidic receptors for fucose-binding lectin and galactose-(l-3)-N-acetyl-galactosamine-binding lectin was also observed. …

Intrauterine Device (Iud) Associated Pathology: A Review Of Pathogenic Mechanisms, Waldemar A. Schmidt, Karmen L. Schmidt

Scanning Electron Microscopy

This paper summarizes our studies of IUD-related disease with those previously published by others. Our data are based upon 51 IUDs and 42 index cases of IUD-related disease demonstrating specific processes. Gross, dissecting microscope, scanning electron microscope and X-ray microanalysis examinations were made of selected IUDs and associated tissues. Tissue associated with the IUDs revealed inflammation in 59.4%, calcific material in 6.3% and no abnormality in 34.4%. JUD-associated tissue responses were accompanied by changes of the IUD; these changes involved deposition of substances upon the IUD surface and degradation of the JUD itself. Disintegration of the IUD, its string or …

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of The Microvascular System In The Inner Ear, Yoshiaki Nakai, Haruhiko Masutani, Hiromasa Cho

Scanning Electron Microscopy

In the present work, vessels casts in the inner ear of the rat and guinea pig, prepared by casting method using Mercox resin, were subjected to scanning electron microscopic examination and following results were obtained: 1) In adult guinea pig, numerous capillary nets were found in the following parts: stria vascularis, spiral ligament, spiral prominence, Corti's organ, spiral ganglion, plexus cochlearis, semicircular ampulla, saccule, utricle, and endolymphatic sac. These were consistent with functionally and morophologically important areas in the inner ear. 2) In the central side of the area with capillary nets, arterioles were found to run throughout, like a …

Scanning And Transmission Electron Microscopic Study Of Recovered Porcine Aortic Valved Conduits, D. J. Allen, I. H. Fentie, J. T. Davis, Angela Lineen

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Four explanted porcine aortic valved conduits were examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Sources of obstruction such as neointima or "peel" and calcification were observed. In one sample the neointima was found to possess an unusually large expanse of squamous cells partially lining the luminal surface. This lining much resembled a normal endothelium, which is not an expected feature of neointima. Cells, presumably of host origin, were noted upon the leaflet surfaces. They did not seem as well organized as those found on the neointima. Calcification did not seem greatly advanced but was clearly apparent. Certain treatments proposed by …

Statoconia Formation In Molluscan Statocysts, Michael L. Wiederhold, Christine E. Sheridan, Nancy K. R. Smith

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The gravity sensors of all molluscs phylogenetically below the cephalopods are spherical organs called statocysts. The wall of the sphere contains mechanosensory cells whose sensory cilia project into the lumen of the cyst. The lumen is filled with fluid and dense "stones", the statoconia or statoliths, which sink under the influence of gravity to load, and stimulate, those receptor cells which are at the bottom. The statuconia of Aplysia californica are shown to be calcified about a lamellar arrangement of membranes. Similar lamellar membrane arrangements are seen within the receptor cells, and their possible role in the formation of the …

Cells From Xenopus Laevis Gastrulae Adhere To Fibronectin-Sepharose Beads And Other Lectin Coated Beads, Kurt E. Johnson, Michael H. Silver

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Cells from Xenopus laevis blastulae have a poorly developed ability to adhere to Sepharose beads covalently coupled to bovine plasma fibronectin (FN-beads). They do, however, have the ability to adhere to con A-beads and cytodex-1 and cytodex-3 beads. Beginning at the early gastrula stage, there is a progressively increasing ability of cells to adhere to FN-beads. Gastrula cells adhere to FN-beads by the formation of large ruffling lamellipodia. These cells can translocate on the surface of FN-beads; and when attached to both beads and the surrounding glass substratum of culture vessels, have the ability to move the beads extensively. Gastrula …

Adverse Effects Of Metals On The Alveolar Part Of The Lung, Anne Johansson, Per Camner

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Rabbits were exposed to low levels of metal dust or metal ions by inhalation for 1-8 months, 5 days/week and 6h/day. Following exposure lung tissue was examined by light and electron microscopy, the lung content of phospholipid was analyzed and the morphology and function of alveolar macrophages were investigated.

Metallic nickel dust as well as soluble nickel chloride produced accumulation of macrophages and laminated structures in alveoli and increased volume density of alveolar type II cells. The amount of phospholipids was elevated, mainly due to an increase in disaturated phosphatidylcholine. After one month exposure to metallic nickel dust or soluble …

Comparative Aspects Of Mammalian Spermiogenesis, Leif Plöen, Jean-Luc Courtens

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The testes of some different orders of eutherian mammals were examined by conventional electron microscopy with respect to their pattern of spermiogenesis. In addition, some of the testes were studied by cytochemical methods for demonstration of certain nuclear proteins and of glycoproteins in the acrosome and the plasma membrane of spermatids.

It was found that although the basic pattern of spermiogenesis was similar in all species studied, there were pronounced dissimilarities in the final shape of the spermatids. Differences were also observed in the timing of the differentiation of several organelles. The head of late spermatids and spermatozoa of Primates, …

Joan Staats Oral History, Joan Staats

Personal Papers Collection

No abstract provided.

Ultrastructural Studies Of Intercellular Contacts (Junctions) In Bone Marrow. A Review, Ferrell R. Campbell

Scanning Electron Microscopy

This paper reviews ultrastructural studies of the intercellular contacts or junctions between cells of the bone marrow. Studies using tannic acid and glutaraldehyde as a fixative have shown pentalaminar complexes between many types of cells in marrow of mice and chicks. These intercellular contacts occur between adjacent stromal cells, between stromal cells and developing blood cells and, in marrow of mice, between migrating blood cells and cells of the sinusoidal wall. Because of their location and widespread occurrence, it is believed these contacts may represent a type of adherent junction helping to maintain an orderly arrangement of blood cells and …

Ultrasonic Microdissection Of Immature Intermediate Human Placental Villi As Studied By Scanning Electron Microscopy, Gregory J. Highison, F. Donald Tibbitts

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The human placenta during the first 20 weeks of gestation undergoes rapid and extensive morphological changes. Near the end of this period, the most predominant type of villus present is the immature intermediate placental villus. In order to visualize this complex structure with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we have developed a microdissection technique to expose tissue components of the placental villus while retaining its normal histological architecture. Placental villi were initially fixed in Karnovsky's fixative, buffered formalin, or 2% osmium tetroxide solution prior to exposure to connective tissue enzymes or detergents alone or in combination. Samples were dehydrated through 100% …

The Characteristic Structural Features Of The Blood Vessels Of The Lewis Lung Carcinoma (A Light Microscopic And Scanning Electron Microscopic Study), T. W. Grunt, A. Lametschwandtner, K. Karrer

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Vascular corrosion casts of Lewis lung carcinomas (LLC) grown subcutaneously in C57BL/6-mice are correlated with histological sections and with tumor tissue prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By making low, medium and high pressure cast preparations we studied the influence of perfusion and injection pressure on the resulting cast sample.

Three types of vascular proliferations are distinguishable in LLC: 1) Small globular outgrowths on sinusoidal dilated tumor capillaries, caused by proliferation of their endothelial cells. 2) New sprouts on surrounding host vessels, invading the small, still avascular implant. 3) Superficially located, centrifugally running sprouts in peripheral regions of large tumors. …

The Angioarchitecture Of The Lewis Lung Carcinoma In Laboratory Mice (A Light Microscopic And Scanning Electron Microscopic Study), T. W. Grunt, A. Lametschwandtner, K. Karrer, O. Staindl

Scanning Electron Microscopy

53 Lewis lung carcinomas implanted subcutaneously into C57BL/6-mice were examined. The animals were killed at various stages of tumor growth (TG) and prepared for histology and for scanning electron microscopy (critical-point-dried tissue; vascular corrosion casts). Prior to casting animals were rinsed using different perfusion pressures. Casting was done by manual injection of the resin, whereby different influx-rates were applied resulting in low, medium and high pressure preparations.

We discern 3 phases of tumor angiogenesis (TA) occurring during 4 stages of TG among which vasodilation establishes the first reaction of the host vascular system to a growing tumor implant. During this …

Models Of Disuse: A Comparison Of Hindlimb Suspension And Immobilization, Robert H. Fitts, Joseph Mark Metzger, Denise A. Riley, B. R. Unsworth

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

The effects of 1 and 2 wk of hindlimb suspension (HS) on rat skeletal muscle function were determined and the results compared with those obtained previously with hindlimb immobilization (HI). Both models of disuse (HS and HI) primarily affected slow-twitch muscle. Each decreased the isometric twitch duration in the slow-twitch soleus; however, the HS-mediated effect was entirely a result of a shortened contraction time (CT), whereas HI reduced one-half relaxation time (½RT) as well as CT. Soleus muscle mass and peak tetanic tension (P₀) declined with disuse. The HS effect on muscle mass and P₀ was variable, …