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X-Irradiation-Induced Disorganization Of Cytoskeletal Filaments And Cell Contacts In Ht29 Cells, Z. Somosy, M. Sass, G. Bognar, J. Kovacs, G. J. Koteles

Scanning Microscopy

Organization of cytoskeleton and cell contacts were studied by immunochemistry and electron microscopy in confluent HT29 cultured cells following exposure to 0.5 and 1.0 Gy doses of X-ray. Microtubules were resistant to irradiation, whereas, the actin and intermediate filaments disrupted rapidly following the treatment and their components appeared as clumps of actin and cytokeratin aggregates in the cytoplasm as demonstrated by immunochemistry. Loss of cell contacts and decrease in the number of desmosomes was also characteristic of irradiated cells. Electron microscopy revealed intact desmosomes in control cells and abnormal desmosomes in the irradiated samples characterized by the absence of tonofilaments. …

Microvascular Corrosion Casting In The Study Of Tumor Vascularity: A Review, M. A. Konerding, A. J. Miodonski, A. Lametschwandtner

Scanning Microscopy

Tumor blood flow is dependent on the structure and three-dimensional (3-D) architecture of the vascular network. The latter can be best studied by scanning electron microscopy of microvascular corrosion casts. However, literature reviews show that nearly all studies using this technique render comparisons of different tumors more difficult since they are mainly based on descriptive terms that might lead to misunderstandings. Qualitative comparisons of 13 experimental and 3 human primary tumors of different origin show a high degree of similarity in the vasculature. Quantitative analysis of these casts reveals similar ranges of parameters such as diameters, intervascular and interbranching distances. …

Thymocyte Proliferation And Apoptosis Induced By Ionizing Radiation, Vera V. Shaposhnikova, Yuri N. Korystov

Scanning Microscopy

Proliferation and apoptosis of rat and mouse thymocytes caused by ionizing radiation were studied. The percentage of proliferating cells was determined by the method of colchicine metaphases and the apoptosis was estimated as DNA fragmentation. In vitro irradiation with 0.05-0.2 Gy was found to stimulate thymocyte proliferation, the maximum was observed at 0.05 Gy for mouse thymocytes and at 0.1 Gy for rat thymocytes. These doses caused a slight decrease in DNA fragmentation, as compared to control. By raising the radiation dose, proliferation was reduced and DNA fragmentation was increased. The results obtained indicate that low radiation doses stimulate cell …

Low Temperature Techniques As A Tool In Plant Pathology, Sigrun Hippe-Sanwald

Scanning Microscopy

In plant pathology, low temperature preparation techniques now appear to be feasible methods to stabilize the dynamic ultrastructure of the host-(plant)-pathogen (fungi) interaction for an analysis by transmission electron microscopy. A well defined ultrastructure of small organisms (fungi) and large biological samples such as plant material and as well as the plant-pathogen (fungus) infection sites are presented. The mesophyll tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana is characterized by homogeneously structured cytoplasm closely attached to the cell wall. Infection sites of stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) on primary leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe …

Human Skin Physiology Studied By Particle Probe Microanalysis, B. Forslind, M. Lindberg, K. G. Malmqvist, J. Pallon, G. M. Roomans, Y. Werner-Linde

Scanning Microscopy

Particle probe methods (electron probe and proton probe X-ray microanalysis) have been applied to investigate the distribution of elements and water over the different layers of the epidermis. For major elements, electron probe X-ray microanalysis (XRMA) provides the advantage of superior spatial resolution, but for trace element analysis the more sensitive proton probe (particle induced X-ray emission, PIXE) analysis has to be used. On a dry weight basis, the concentration of S is rather constant across the epidermis, whereas the concentrations of P, K, Cl and Na show gradients with high levels in stratum germinativum (basale) and stratum spinosum but …

Crystalline Composition Of Equine Urinary Sabulous Deposits, M. Díaz-Espiñeira, E. Escolar, J. Bellanato, J. A. Medina

Scanning Microscopy

The composition and crystal morphology of 141 equine sabulous deposits were determined by infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The IR analysis revealed that all investigated deposits contained calcium carbonates (calcite, CaCO₃, and/or vaterite, CaCO₃) as major constituents; 42 samples were composed of calcite and vaterite, 33 of calcite, 18 of calcite/vaterite and calcium oxalate, and 17 of vaterite. The remaining specimens contained calcite/vaterite and other compounds (calcium phosphates, sulphate and/or oxalates and/or silica). The examination of 44 selected samples by means of SEM/EDX, revealed the characteristic morphology and …

Discovery Of The Federally Endangered Freshwater Mussel, Epioblasma Obliquata Obliquata (Rafinesque, 1820) (Unionidae), In Ohio, Michael A. Hoggarth, Daniel L. Rice, Diana M. Lee

Biology and Earth Science Faculty Scholarship

Discovery of the purple catspaw, Epioblasma obliquata obliquata, in Killbuck Creek, Coshocton County, OH, is reported. This subspecies of unionid mollusc was thought to have been extirpated from the state in the mid to late 1800s and was known only from two nonreproductive populations in Kentucky and Tennessee. The mussel was thought to be on the verge of extinction. Fifteen living and 23 dead specimens of this subspecies were collected in September 1994 from Killbuck Creek. This is the largest known population of this rare subspecies and it is the only known population to currently support breeding individuals. It is …

Pattern Of Disease After Murine Hepatitis Virus Strain 3 Infection Correlates With Macrophage Activation And Not Viral Replication, M. Pope, O. Rotstein, E. Cole, S. Sinclair, Rebecca D. Parr, B. Cruz, R. Fingerote, S. Chung, R. Gorczynski, L. Fung, J. Leibowitz, Y. S. Rao, G. Levy

Faculty Publications

Murine hepatitis virus strain (MHV-3) produces a strain-dependent pattern of disease which has been used as a model for fulminant viral hepatitis. This study was undertaken to examine whether there was a correlation between macrophage activation and susceptibility or resistance to MHV-3 infection. Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from resistant A/J and susceptible BALB/cJ mice and, following stimulation with MHV-3 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), analyzed for transcription of mRNA and production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), mouse fibrinogen-like protein (musfiblp), tissue factor (TF), leukotriene B4, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Macrophages from BALB/cJ mice produced …

On The Dangers Of Interpopulational Transfers Of Monarch Butterflies, Lincoln P. Brower, Linda S. Fink, Andrew Van Zandt Brower, Kingston L. H. Leong, Karen Oberhauser, Sonia Altizer, Orley Taylor, Daniel Vickerman, William H. Calvert, Tonya Van Hook, Alfonso Alonso-Mejia, Stephen B. Malcolm, Denis F. Owen, Myron P. Zalucki

Biological Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of The New Management Package On Smaller Operators In The Western Rock Lobster Fishery, Ross Gould

Fisheries Management Papers

For the 1993/94 western rock lobster fishing season several new management strategies were introduced. The objective of the changes to the management package was to protect the rock lobster fishery. It was also to provide sufficient breeding stock to ensure viability of the industry. The most significant new measure was a temporary (two seasons) 18 percent pot reduction. Other changes were also made. There were considered sound reasons for reviewing and changing the previous management package. Despite this, some fishermen were critical of the new management package, and claimed that it unfairly disadvantaged smaller operators. Against this background, the Department …

Isolation And Analysis Of Nephritic-Producing Immune Complexes In Plasmodium Berghei-Infected Mice, Clarence Lee, Eric Toran

Department of Biology Faculty Publications

A nephritic condition was developed by infecting Swiss Webster albino mice with the malarial parasite Plasmodium berghei NK 65. These animals were tested for urinary protein and the presence of circulating immune complexes using reagent strips and a polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation assay. The circulating immune complexes were isolated from the sera using both affinity chromatography and PEG precipitation and from the kidney by acid elution. The isolated complexes were dissociated into their individual components and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The components of the complexes were transferred to nitrocellulose sheets and probed for the presence of …

Cells Are Not Just Bags Of Water: A Personal Appreciation Of The Work Of Dr. Brij L. Gupta And His Contribution To Biological X-Ray Microanalysis, Alice Warley

Scanning Microscopy

This paper surveys the contribution made by the work of Dr. B.L. Gupta to the science of biological X-ray microanalysis. A brief biographical sketch of Brij's early years is given, this is followed by considerations about the models for water transport across epithelia. The ultrastructural and histochemical studies carried out by Brij Gupta and colleagues are reviewed to introduce the historical need for the use of EPXMA for the study of ion and water transport in epithelia. The outstanding contribution made by Brij Gupta's work in this field is outlined, and his understanding of the subcellular distribution ions in other …

The Effect Of Ionizing Irradiation On Type I Collagen Of The Tail In Growing Mice: A Histology And Electron Microscopy Study, M. Q. Yang, E. Kjellén, C. H. Håkansson, M. Palmegren

Scanning Microscopy

In order to examine the effect of radiation on growing tissue, especially the fibroblasts and their end-product, the collagen fibres, tails from 24 mice were irradiated at an age of 8 days with 20 Gy and 30 Gy (>°Co). Tails from 18 animals served as controls. Six mice from each group were sacrificed on day 8, 20 and 30. Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the fibroblasts and the collagen fibrils. Non-irradiated fibroblasts had a nucleus rich in chromatin and an abundant endoplasmic reticulum with cistemae and condensing vacuoles.

On day 20, approximately 50 % , and on …

Elicitor-Induced Resistance In Tomato Plants Against Fungal Pathogens: Ultrastructure And Cytochemistry Of The Induced Response, Nicole Benhamou

Scanning Microscopy

The introduction of gold cytochemistry in plant pathology has opened new avenues for accurately localizing molecules thought to play important biological functions in the plant metabolism. In an effort to understand the process associated with the induction of plant disease resistance, we investigated the effect of fungal elicitors on the cellular response of tomato root tissues during attack by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, the causal agent of tomato crown and root rot. Chitosan was found to induce marked morphological and ultrastructural changes in the fungus grown in pure culture, including cytoplasm aggregation and abnormal deposition of an amorphous …

Vitamin B6 Deficiency And Galactose Induced Alterations In Morphology And Osmotic Fragility Of Rat Erythrocytes, P. Kaul, H. Sidhu, S. K. Thind, S. K. Sharma, R. Nath

Scanning Microscopy

Recently, red blood cells have been investigated mainly for alterations in ion transporting capacity, membrane bound enzymes or modifications in the structure of its individual constituents in clinical and experimental urolithiasis. However, the implication of such modifications on the physical state or morphology of cells has not been investigated. Scanning electron microscopic studies performed in vitamin B₆ deficient and/or galactose fed rat (established hyperoxaluric models) erythrocytes, showed the presence of large number of stomatocytes, spherocytes and other variously deformed cells as compared to discocytic cells seen in normal control group. These changes in shape were in concurrence with red …

Comparative Analysis Of Patch Lesions In The Chick Inner Ear Following Acoustic Trauma: Optical Versus Scanning Electron Microscopy, H. J. Adler, J. Mantooth, Y. Raphael

Scanning Microscopy

Neonatal chicks were exposed to an octave band noise with a center frequency of 1.5 kHz at 116 dB SPL for 4 hours. Seven days following overstimulation, the birds were sacrificed. Their basilar papillae were re-moved, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and processed in two steps. First, the ears were immunostained with a supernatant of mouse anti-tectorial membrane antibodies, followed by a diaminobenzidine process. Examinations of the papillae under an optical stereo microscope revealed a patch site with a partially regenerated tectorial membrane (referred to as the honeycomb).

After the optical studies, the same ears were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, …

Consistency In Calibrated Backscattered Electron Images Of Calcified Tissues And Minerals Analyzed In Multiple Imaging Sessions, E. G. Vajda, J. G. Skedros, R. D. Bloebaum

Scanning Microscopy

Pure metal standards have been used to calibrate the operating environment in quantitative backscattered electron (BSE) imaging of mineralized tissue, allowing comparisons to be made between various mineralization states of bone at the microscopic level. It has not previously been documented that calibration procedures produce consistent, reliable results over multiple imaging sessions. In this study, BSE images were obtained from bones, pure metals, and a naturally occurring mineral in multiple imaging sessions over a six day period. The graylevel histogram profile (GHP) from each specimen was analyzed for changes in the shape and relative placement on the graylevel spectrum. Computer …

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopic Studies On Alveolar Bone Remodeling With Orthodontic Tooth Movement And Retention, H. Yagishita, S. Iwatsubo, T. Aoba

Scanning Microscopy

Alveolar bone reconstruction in growing dog during the retention period following orthodontic tooth movement was studied. Three beagle dogs (8-10 kg body weight, about one-year-old) were used and two of the animals were subjected to histological observation. The upper 2nd and lower 3rd premolars on both sides were extracted prior to the orthodontic treatments. After a healing period of one month, the upper 3rd premolar and the lower 4th premolar on the right side were moved mesially with a conventional orthodontic force for 8 weeks, and then retained in their new position for 4 weeks. The contralateral corresponding premolars were …

West Coast Rock Lobster Fishery Management Plan 1995 - Draft For Public Comment, M. Moran

Fisheries Management Papers

The purpose of this management plan is to regulate fishing for rock lobsters (Family Palimuridae) in waters off the west coast of Western Australia such that the breeding stock of rock lobsters is maintained at a level known to have generated adequate recruitment of young lobsters in the past. This management plan does not constitute a change in the management arrangements for the rock lobster fishery. It essentially replaces the West Coast Rock Lobster Limited Entry Fishery Notice 1993 made under the Fisheries Act 1905 and makes the required changes to wording and structure necessitated by the proclamation of the …

Bag And Size Limit Fishing Regulations From Around Australia - Current Information As At 1 July, 1995 - Third Australasian Fisheries Managers Conference, Rottnest Island, Wa, F. B. Prokop

Fisheries Management Papers

This paper was originally prepared for the first National Fisheries Managers Conference in 1993. It is now updated and includes the current bag and size limits from around Australia as at 1 July, 1995. It is fairly obvious from this paper that there is a need for more cooperation between the states, particularly for species which have wide distributions. However, regional solutions can be a good approach for specific management needs, while general rules can be made more consistent in a number of cases.

Fertility Effects Of Genes Causing Reproductive Isolation Inferred From Three-Way Hybrids In Phacelia, Helen Zhujun Hou

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Prior studies of reproductive isolation among three varieties of Phacelia dubia have found that gene loci encoding isozymes of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) were associated with hybrid sterility. In the first part of this study, I generated three-way hybrids to determine if the genetic or chromosomal region linked to GOT encoding loci has major effects on hybrid sterility and if any observed effects were similar in different genetic backgrounds. In three-way crosses, F1 hybrids of two varieties were crossed to a third variety. Fertilities of three-way hybrids were estimated and their GOT genotypes were ascertained by starch gel electrophoresis. A …

The Feasibility Of Trophic Manipulation In Grayson Lake, Kentucky, U.S.A., Russell Walker Crawford

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Science by Russell Walker Crawford on July 19, 1995.

Successional Changes And Habitat Selection In Hayfield Bird Communities, Eric K. Bollinger

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

I examined the effects of successional changes in vegetation on the breeding dispersion of grassland birds in hayfields in New York. I sampled vegetation and counted birds in 90 hayfields of various ages (i.e. number of years since planting) and sizes that were originally planted to a legume-dominated seed mixture. I also resampled a subset of these fields two years later. Over time, these hayfields changed from tall, dense, homogeneous stands of legume-dominated vegetation to short, sparse, patchy stands of grass-dominated vegetation. Fields of all ages were dominated by introduced plant species. Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), the most common bird …

Successional Changes And Habitat Selection In Hayfield Bird Communities, Eric Bollinger

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

I examined the effects of successional changes in vegetation on the breeding dispersion of grassland birds in hayfields in New York. I sampled vegetation and counted birds in 90 hayfields of various ages (i.e. number of years since planting) and sizes that were originally planted to a legume-dominated seed mixture. I also resampled a subset of these fields two years later. Over time, these hayfields changed from tall, dense, homogeneous stands of legume-dominated vegetation to short, sparse, patchy stands of grass-dominated vegetation. Fields of all ages were dominated by introduced plant species. Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), the most common bird …

Translocation Issues In Western Australia: Proceedings Of A Seminar And Workshop Held On 26th And 27th September 1994, F. B. Prokop

Fisheries Management Papers

The Recreational Fishing Advisory Committee (RFAC) approved holding this translocation seminar to air the translocation of fish for recreational enhancement in a public forum. This forum will identify issues including establishing common ground between the variety of interest groups which are represented. Contentious areas which require further investigation and consultation should become apparent, and assist the formulation of appropriate policies on translocation for Western Australia.

Identification And Localization Of Three Classes Of Myosins In Pollen Tubes Of Lilium Longiflorum And Nicotiana Alata, D. D. Miller, Stylianos P. Scordilis, P. K. Hepler

Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

The presence and localization of actin and myosin have been examined in pollen tubes of Lilium longiflorum and Nicotiana alata. Immunoblot analysis of pollen tube extracts with antibodies to actin, myosins IA and IB, myosin II, and myosin V reveals the presence of these contractile proteins. Immunofluorescence microscopy using various methods to preserve the pollen tubes; chemical fixation, rapid freeze fixation and freeze substitution (RF-FS) followed by rehydration or by embeddment in a methacrylate mixture, was performed to optimize preservation. Immunocytochemistry reaffirmed that actin is localized longitudinally in the active streaming lanes and near the cortical surface of the …

Use Of Colloidal Gold And Neutron Activation In Correlative Microscopic Labeling And Label Quantitation, B. J. Darien, P. A. Sims, K. T. Kruse-Elliott, T. S. Homan, R. J. Cashwell, A. J. Cooley, R. M. Albrecht

Scanning Microscopy

Albumin was conjugated to 16 nm gold particles (Alb-Au16) and infused into anesthetized pigs to determine if plasma, tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid concentrations of gold could be quantitated by neutron activation (Au198). Additionally, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of lung and liver samples was evaluated for sites of gold distribution and morphological changes. The minimum concentration of gold detected by neutron activation ranged between 1.4 and 1.9 ppb (ng/gm of sample). No gold was detected in the plasma of pigs prior to Alb-Au16 infusion, while mean post infusion concentrations were 1.037 ± 0.69 ppm (μg/gm plasma, ±SD). The concentrations …

Heterogeneous Nucleation Of Calcium Oxalate Crystals In Mammalian Urine, Saeed R. Khan

Scanning Microscopy

It is generally recognized that calcium oxalate crystal formation in urine is induced by heterogeneous nucleation. However, there is no consensus as to the nature of the nucleation substrate. Evidence is provided in this paper that membranous cellular degradation products are the most likely candidates because they: (1) are ubiquitous in urine and urinary stones; (2) are found in close association with crystal deposits in the kidneys; and (3) can induce nucleation of crystals from a meta-stable solution of calcium oxalate in vitro and metastable urine in vivo.

Heterogeneous Distribution Of Ecto-Ca-Atpases In Primary Cultures Of Human Adenohypophyseal Cells, A. Kittel, I. Miklos, E. Bacsy

Scanning Microscopy

The aim of this study was to investigate the localization of ecto-Ca-adenosine-triphosphatase (ecto-Ca-ATPase) in different parenchymal cells of the human pituitary in tissue culture. The distribution of ecto-ATPases on the surface membrane of a particular parenchymal cell varied with the type of cells in contact with this parenchymal cell; the membrane portions immediately exposed to the medium showed low if any ecto-ATPase activity. These results suggest that ecto-Ca-ATPases of the parenchymal cells may be involved in cell adhesion processes and may be of crucial importance in the organization (in vivo) and reorganization (in vitro) of human …

Scanning Electron Microscope Study Of The Healing Molar Tooth Extraction Socket In The Rat, M. D. Mcmillan

Scanning Microscopy

Healing molar tooth extraction wounds in rats were examined by scanning electron microscopy from 15 minutes to 40 days following tooth removal. The wound epithelium, which was derived mainly from the gingiva but also from the cheek and hard palate, migrated be-neath the superficial socket contents. The contents were lost between 5 to 11 days, thus leaving a central epithelial-lined depression. This decreased in width with time as the level of the wound epithelium approached that of the hard palate but was still present at 40 days. Between 5 and 7 days, the wound epithelium became more regular. However, from …