Digital Commons Network^™

Common Epidermal Lesions Of The Bowhead Whale, Balaena Mysticetus, William G. Henk, Dianna L. Mullan

Scanning Microscopy

Samples of common skin abnormalities from 23 subsistence-harvested bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) were examined. Most lesions fell into three broad classes: shallow lacerations, circular depressions, and epidermal sloughing. Both circular depression lesions and epidermal sloughing lesions may be divided into more than one subgroup based on morphological criteria. Examination of each of the subgroups using light and scanning electron microscopy suggests relationships among the subgroups of a class. These proposed relationships are discussed, as are some possible etiologies. Scanning electron microscopy reveals abundant bacteria and diatoms present in association with each lesion class but no evidence of a particular association …

Adhesion And Endocytosis Of Calcium Oxalate Crystals On Renal Tubular Cells, Y. Kohjimoto, S. Ebisuno, M. Tamura, T. Ohkawa

Scanning Microscopy

The present investigation was designed to study interactions between Madin-Darby canine kidney (MOCK) cells and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals and to clarify the significance of these crystal-cell interactions in stone pathogenesis.

MOCK cells cultured in the presence of COM crystals showed a time-dependent uptake of crystals; this was specific for COM crystals. In the dynamic model system designed to study these phenomena under more physiological conditions, COM crystals adhered to the cell surface and were subsequently internalized. In this endocytotic process, the microvilli of the cell appeared to play an important role. The observation by scanning electron microscopy of …

Potential New Method: A Comparability Study Of M-Coliblue24 And M-Endo Les For The Verified Recoveries Of Total Coliforms And E. Coli, Kevin Robert Geotz

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology by Kevin Robert Goetz on June 10, 1996.

Offshore Constitutional Settlement 1995, H. G. Brayford, G. E. Lyon

Fisheries Management Papers

The Offshore Constitutional Settlement OCS is a legal arrangement between the Commonwealth and State Governments, and defines control over the fisheries which operate off each State of Australia. For the Western Australian coast, the first set of arrangements took effect in 1987. The OCS of 1995 specifies five arrangements, under which the fisheries inside the 200 nautical mile approximately 370 km limit of the Australian Fishing Zone AFZ come under either State, Commonwealth, or joint control.

Low Calcium Diet In Hypercalciuric Calcium Nephrolithiasis: First Do No Harm, Bernhard Hess

Scanning Microscopy

Many studies indicate that up-regulated production of 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 (calcitriol) with increased intestinal absorption of calcium is the primary event causing idiopathic hypercalciuria. Thus, a low calcium diet appears to be a straightforward strategy in calcium stone formers with hypercalciuria (HCSF). However, the efficacy of such a regimen has never been established, and lowering calcium intake from 1000 to 400 mg/day further enhances calcitriol production. On a diet chronically restricted in calcium, many stone formers increase their intake of animal flesh protein. The latter is known to increase renal mass, and calcitriol levels indeed are positively correlated with renal mass …

Twig, Branch, And Stem Diseases Of Pine, John R. Hartman

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

Tip Blight

Tip blight, caused by the fungus Sphaeropsis sapinea (formerly Diplodia pinea), is a serious disease of mature Austrian, Scots (Scotch), and Mugo pines in Kentucky. In the landscape, tip blight is normally not observed until pines reach about 12 years old and begin to bear cones. Severe infections year after year can greatly weaken and eventually kill affected pines.

Red-Breasted Mergansers, Mergus Serrator, Nesting In Southern Texas, Jeffery R. Rupert, Timothy Brush

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

No abstract provided.

The Appearance Of Endothelium In Small Arteries After Treatment With 5-Fluorouracil. An Electron Microscopic Study Of Late Effects In Rabbits, M. Cwikiel, J. Eskilsson, J. B. Wieslander, U. Stjernquist, M. Albertsson

Scanning Microscopy

Cardiotoxicity is an unexplained toxic manifestation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Its possible mechanism could be a direct cytotoxic effect on the vascular endothelium. We have tested this hypothesis in an experimental study in rabbits, using scanning and transmission electron microscopic evaluation of endothelium in small arteries (the central artery of the ear). The perfusion fixation method at physiological pressure and temperature was used. Both local and systemic effects of 5-FU on endothelium were studied 1, 3, 7, 14 and 30 days after in vivo treatment with 5-FU. Fifteen rabbits were used and five additional animals served as controls. The following parameters …

Impact Of The Incubation Medium On The Endothelium Of Autologous Vein Grafts: Damage Scoring By Scanning Electron Microscopy, M. A. Konerding, M. Knocks, H. -R. Zerkowski

Scanning Microscopy

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of different incubation media on the morphology of the endothelium of great saphenous vein grafts and establish a suitable scoring system for the evaluation of damage caused by these media. Fifty specimens of saphenous veins from ten patients during elective aorto-coronary bypass surgery were used. Ten specimens served as controls; the others were assigned to test groups and exposed to heparinized whole blood, Bretschneider's HTK, human albumin or Ringer's solution. Specimens exposed to heparinized blood showed only slight morphological alterations, whereas the other three mediums caused severe damage. Thus, heparinized …

Spiral Structures In The Wall Of The Hepatic Venous System In The Dog, Shigenori Okada, Yoshikuni Ohta

Scanning Microscopy

Unique spiral structures, located in the wall of the hepatic venous system in the dog, were examined in the central veins and the hepatic venous branches, utilizing microvascular corrosion casting and freeze-fracture technique in scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of tissue sections. The whole hepatic venous system was divided into 4 portions: the central, sublobular, collecting and branches of the hepatic veins. The central vein was spindle-shaped with several compressions. Removing the endothelial cells of the central vein, pathways of venous sinusoids were like a labyrinth. In the sublobular veins, spiral structures distinctly appeared as the diameter increased. …

Microprobe Analysis Of Element Distribution In Rabbit And Dog Erythrocytes As Examples Of "High" And "Low" Potassium Cells, H. R. Catchpole, M. B. Engel

Scanning Microscopy

The concentrations of Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K and Fe were determined by microprobe in near 100% hematocrit suspensions of rabbit and dog erythrocytes prepared by freezing and drying. These cells are representative, respectively, of "high" potassium, "low" sodium, and "high" sodium, "low" potassium cells. Water contents of the cells were the same, as were, approximately, the levels of Cl, S and Fe. Rabbit P was nearly double that of the dog. For the rabbit, the cell Na/K ratio was 0.21 and for the dog 15.4, illustrating the major diffusible electrolyte difference between these two types of cell. The …

Apoptosis And Red Blood Cell Echinocytosis: Common Features, Alexei B. Chukhlovin

Scanning Microscopy

Apoptosis of nucleated blood cells induced by oxidants and/or reactive oxygen species is accompanied by the typical membrane pathology. Meanwhile, red blood cell (RBC) membrane. is a popular object for studying appropriate cytotoxic effects. Scanning electron microscopy provides a reliable tool for detecting the oxidative changes in RBC shape and size. Transition of normal discoid erythrocytes to crenated forms (echinocytes) is often induced by the same factors which cause apoptosis of blood cells, e.g., ionizing radiation and other reactive oxygen intermediate-inducing agents, exogenous oxidants, in vitro aging conditions, cytosolic calcium increase, etc. Moreover, the biochemical membrane alterations in oxidant-induced echinocytosis …

Pathological And Immunocytochemical Changes In Chronic Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis In The Rat, R. De Water, E. R. Boeve, P. P. M. C. Van Miert, C. P. Vermaire, P. R. W. A. Van Run, L. C. Cao, W. C. De Bruijn, F. H. Schroder

Scanning Microscopy

In the present study, we exposed rats to a crystal-inducing diet (CID) consisting of vitamin D3 and 0.5% ethylene glycol (EG), and we investigated histologically the kidney damage induced by the deposition of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals. After 28 days, 50 % of the animals had renal CaOx crystals, of which 60% also had small papillary stones. Most crystals were present in the cortex. The occurrence of these crystals coincided with morphological and cytochemical changes: glomerular damage, tubular dilatation and necrosis, and an enlargement of the interstitium. The number of epithelial and interstitial cells positive for the proliferating cell nuclear …

Adenosine Modulates Synaptic Plasticity In The Superior Cervical Ganglion Of The Art., Rollin Y. Hawkins

Theses (Pre-2016)

N/A

Touch-Plate And Statolith Formation In Graviceptors Of Ephyrae Which Developed While Weightless In Space, Dorothy B. Spangenberg, Elisa Coccaro, Russell Schwarte, Brian Lowe

Scanning Microscopy

Ultrastructural studies of the statocysts and touch-plates of graviceptors (rhopalia) of Aurelia ephyrae revealed that (1) touch-plate hair cells are present; and (2) cytoplasmic strands from the hair cell bases extend from the neurite plexus to touch similar strands from the lithocytes. This close association of hair cell neurites and statocysts may have important implications regarding the transmitting and processing of positional information with respect to the gravity vector.

Graviceptors of ephyrae which developed while weightless in microgravity were compared with controls at the ultrastructural level. We found that hair cells of ephyrae which developed in microgravity had fewer lipid …

Lectin-Cytochemistry Of Experimental Rat Nephrolithiasis, W. C. De Bruijn, R. De Water, E. R. Boeve, P. R. W. A. Van Run, P. J. Vermaire, P. P. M. C. Van Miert, J. C. Romijn, C. F. Verkoelen, L. C. Cao, F. H. Schroder

Scanning Microscopy

Lectin reactivity in epithelial apical cell coats of normal rat kidneys was compared to that from animals subjected to crystal inducing diets (CID). The aim was to see whether the absence of lectin reactivity in cell coats is related to intratubular calcium oxalate crystal retention. In normal rat kidneys, after a pre-embedding procedure, it was observed that at the ultrastructural level, reactivity was present but that the lectin specificity for the various parts of the nephron might have to be reconsidered. There was heterogeneity between the epithelial cells with respect to the presence of coat material in the tubular cell …

The Effects Of Prophylatic Protocols Of Exercise And Tamoxifen On The Induction And Growth Of Estrogen Dependent And Independent Rat Mammary Tumors, Robert H. Doepke Jr.

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Science and Technology at Morehead State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biology by Robert H. Doepke, Jr. on May 6,1996.

Isolation From Soil Microorganisms That Are Inhibitory To Wheat Seeding Pathogens, Kynita Wilson-Humphrey

McCabe Thesis Collection

Many diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi are responsible for the ruin of a great number of crops annually. At present, many of these crops are being treated for diseases by synthetic or man-made chemicals. Some of the chemicals have been proved to have adverse effects on the environment, including humans and animals. Very few non-chemical means are available to farmers at this time to control these pathogens. This is due to the fact that many of the means of control have little effect against the pathogens or diseases. This research attempts to isolate microorganisms from the soil which …

The Influence Of Bull Exposure And Bull Presence On Postpartum Reproductive Physiology And Behavior Of High-Producing Dairy Cows, Milan P. Shipka

Biology

Bull exposure has been shown to hasten the onset of estrous cyclicity in postpartum beef cattle but has not been examined in high producing dairy cattle. This investigation was carried out to examine effects of bull presence on postpartum reproductive characteristics in dairy cattle. Forty-five multiparous dairy cattle were randomly allocated into three groups at the time of calving. Treatments consisted of no bull exposure (NBE), twice daily bull exposure (2xdBE), and continuous bull exposure (CBE). Estrus detection was carried out for all groups for one-half hour twice daily following milking. Systemic progesterone (P₄) was determined from blood …

Reproductive Ecology, Population Genetics, And Clonal Distribution Of The Narrow Endemic: Mirabilis Macfarlanei (Nyctaginaceae), Jennifer L. Barnes

Biology

I examined the reproductive biology and population genetics of the narrow endemic, Mirabilis macfarlanei (Nyctaginaceae) Constance and Rollins, from the Snake and Salmon Rivers in Idaho and Oregon. The results of this study provide further evidence for the proposed effects of rarity on plant reproductive systems and population genetics. Breeding system results indicated that M. macfarlanei is self-compatible, but requires a pollen vector for fertilization. Seed set was not pollen limited, but may be resource limited during others. The major floral visitors were long-tongued bees such as Anthophora spp. and Bombus spp., unlike other species of Mirabilis, which are …

Mortality And Behavior Of Prairie Falcons During The Fledging-Dependence Period, Mary E. Mcfadzen

Biology

The primary focus of my research was to determine the magnitude and causes of mortality of Prairie Falcons (Falco mexicanus) during the fledging-dependence period. In 1992 and 1993, I radio-tagged nestlings prior to fledging and monitored their survival until they emigrated from the study area. Additionally, I quantified parental behavior during the nesting period as well as other factors that have been shown to influence subsequent survivorship. Of the 152 radio-tagged nestlings, 47 died prior to dispersal from their natal territories. Mortality rates were consistent between years, 28% in 1992 and 34% in 1993. The magnitude of mortality …

The Indirect Effects Of Large-Scale Insecticide Spraying On Populations Of Echinacea Angustifolia Dc (Asteraceae) In The North Dakota Badlands, Heidi Kristine Leuszler

Biology

Broad-spectrum insecticide spraying for the control of grasshoppers may have a detrimental effect of native pollinators of western rangelands. Many rangeland plants depend upon such pollinators for successful reproduction. Pollinators also transfer genes between plants via pollen, and pollinator movement between plants is related to pollinator density; thus insecticide application may alter gene movements in a plant population. This study uses a common forb, Echinacea angustifolia, to examine the potential negative effects of insecticide application on gene movements. I first determined the breeding system of E. angustifolia and specifically whether an insect vector is required for reproduction. Flowers set …

Migration Trend And Morphometric Characteristics Of Northern Harriers During Autumn Migration At Cape May Point, New Jersey, Christopher W. Schultz

Biology

There were two primary objectives of this thesis. The first was to test the validity of sampling raptors during autumn migration for the purpose of monitoring trends in populations. The second was to describe morphometric characteristics of northern harriers (Circus cyaneus) during autumn migration in coastal New Jersey and revise the key for sexing and aging harriers captured on the east coast of North America. Harriers were concurrently, but independently, counted and captured during autumn migration at Cape May Point, New Jersey, from 1976 through 1995. All data were standardized to the same 83-day annual study period and …

Clp-C3a, A New Cyclic Lipodepsipeptide From Pseudomonas Syringae, Kwang-Hee Kim

Biology

Cyclic lipodepsipeptides (CLPs), a new class of antifungal agents, are produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. To find novel CLP members, bacterial fluorescent isolates from different plant sources were screened for CLP biosynthetic genes syrB and syrD using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analyses. A positive isolate, strain C3, isolated from a cherry tree was virulent on immature cherry fruits, possessed the hypersensitivity/pathogenicity gene, hrpZ, and was grown in supplemented potato broth. Purification of a CLP from strain C3 was performed by acetone extraction, XAD-2 column chromatography, and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HPLC …

The Effects Of Temperature And Rain On The Metabolism Of The American Kestrel (Falco Sparverius), Glenn R. Wilson

Biology

The change in metabolism of birds exposed to rainfall is poorly understood. I measured the rate of oxygen consumption (VO₂) using open-flow respirometry of four male and four female American kestrels (Falco sparverius) during the breeding season at ambient temperatures (T_a) of 5, 10, 15, and 25°C in air without rainfall and then at low (2.5 cm⋅h^-1) rainfall and high (6.1 cm⋅h^-1) rainfall. Trial order was analyzed as a covariate because kestrel responses appeared to decrease in intensity during the 14-wk study period. The VO₂ increased 12.65% at low …

Effects Of Insecticide Spraying For Grasshoppers On The Reproductive Success Of Three Prairie Plant Species In Western North Dakota, Suzanne Digiacomo

Biology

Grasshopper control is often accomplished through application of broad-spectrum insecticides that may also affect many non-target arthropods. To assess whether these insecticides reduce pollinator numbers and hence plant reproductive success, three forb species were examined. Potentilla fruticosa and Calylophus serrulatus were sampled before, immediately after, and approximately one week after spraying. The seed number for both species declined marginally but significantly immediately after spraying. The average weight per achene was significantly lower in spray sites for Potentilla fruticosa, but no significant interaction of time by spray was found for either species. Also, for two germination characters there was no …

Reference Levels Of Plasma Cholinesterase Activity From Autumn Migrant Sharp-Shinned (Accipiter Striatus) And Cooper's (Accipiter Cooperii) Hawks, Daniel H. Kim

Biology

Detecting exposure to anticholinergic pesticides involves measuring levels of cholinesterase (ChE) activity. There are few published values for plasma ChE activity from wild avian species, yet reference levels of ChE activity are vital for nonlethal bioassays to determine exposure to carbamate or organophosphate pesticides. I used plasma samples from 102 sharp-shinned hawks (Accipiter striatus) and 45 Cooper's hawks (A. cooperii) captured during autumn migration to establish reference levels of cholinesterase activity. I evaluated the use of a spectrophotometer (SPEC) and 96-well optical microplate reader (MPR) for determining plasma cholinesterase activity from migrating hawks. The SPEC was …

The Mayfly Newsletter, Peter M. Grant

The Mayfly Newsletter

The Mayfly Newsletter is the official newsletter of the Permanent Committee of the International Conferences on Ephemeroptera.

Competitive Interactions Between A Native And Exotic Trout Species In High Mountain Streams, Heather M. Thomas

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Populations of the introduced book trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, have recently become more widespread and abundant in western North American streams, possible at the expense of native Colorado River cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki pleuriticus. We examined the intensity and potential mechanism of competition between these species.

Feeding experiments in laboratory stream channels showed that cutthroat trout feeding efficiency decreases in the presence of a brook trout. Decreased feeding efficiency appeared to be due to interference, as cutthroat trout were inactive in the presence of the brook trout. Evidence for interference competition in the feeding experiments was also given by the …

No Evidence Of Linkage Between 35 Genetic Markers And The Spider Lamb Syndrome Gene In Sheep, Sarah Thornell South

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Spider Lamb Syndrome (SLS) is a semi-lethal congenital disorder affecting the Suffolk and Hampshire sheep breeds. The clinical manifestations of the syndrome include severe skeletal and muscular abnormalities with long, fine-boned legs, curvature of the spine and nasal septum, minimal muscling and severe muscle atrophy. The affected animals have a difficult time walking and most lambs do not survive past the first six months of life. A single autosomal recessive gene causes the disorder. Researchers believe the SLS gene arose as a single source mutation in a popular Suffolk blood line in the 1970s. Heterozygous carriers of the SLS gene …