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Articles 8251 - 8280 of 11651
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Skylight Opening Degree Prediction Method Based On Parallel Clustering, Deng Li, Yu Yue, Honglin Pang, Minrui Fei
Skylight Opening Degree Prediction Method Based On Parallel Clustering, Deng Li, Yu Yue, Honglin Pang, Minrui Fei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To process the massive distributed data and control the agricultural facilities intelligently, a parallel Dirichlet Process Mixture Model (DPMM) clustering method was proposed based on Spark. With this method, the prediction model of greenhouse skylight opening degree was obtained by training the agricultural environmental and facilities data. The model was used to predict the greenhouse skylight opening degree. Through several comparison experiments, both the feasibility and the efficiency of the proposed parallel clustering were verified, the prediction accuracy was calculated. The experimental results show that the proposed approach has higher efficiency and accuracy.
Two Power Sliding Mode Neural Network Compensation Control For Space Robot After Target Capturing, Cheng Jing, Chen Li
Two Power Sliding Mode Neural Network Compensation Control For Space Robot After Target Capturing, Cheng Jing, Chen Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The impact analyses of space robot capturing a target and stability control problem in the post-impact process were discussed. The dynamic models of space robot system and target were derived by multi-body theory. The impact effect of rigidcouplingmodel was analyzed by applying geometric relationship and principle of momentum conservation. Atwo power sliding mode neural network control scheme was proposed for the combined system after acquiring with uncertain system parameters and external disturbance. The convergence speed of the control system was guaranteed by applyingtwo power sliding mode reaching raw, and the uncertain part was compensated by using neural …
Sar Object Recognition Based On Multi-Band And Multi-Polarization Simulation Image, Gu Yu, Zhang Qin, Xu Ying
Sar Object Recognition Based On Multi-Band And Multi-Polarization Simulation Image, Gu Yu, Zhang Qin, Xu Ying
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The object model was built based on Creator, and object texture-material mapping was performed by Vega TMM tool. The multi-band and multi-polarization SAR image database was built by visual simulation technology. A hybrid intelligent optimization algorithm was designed to optimize combination of band and polarization by genetic algorithm and binary particle optimization. Zernike moment features, Gabor wavelet coefficients, etc were extracted from original image and rectified image to make up of feature candidates, and the feature selection experiments were carried out by using multi-band and multi-polarization SAR images. Simulation results demonstrate that, building SAR image database through simulation …
Research And Implementation Of Question Answering System Oriented Wargaming Based On Aiml, Zejian Sun, Guangya Si, Liu Yang
Research And Implementation Of Question Answering System Oriented Wargaming Based On Aiml, Zejian Sun, Guangya Si, Liu Yang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Wargaming exercise is an important means of combat simulation, but the high query and operation threshold of wargaming system limit its use and extension. Through investigating the actual operation process of a wargaming exercise, collecting and analyzing the trainees use requirements, the intelligent question answering system centering on access to the database by making knowledge documents, index tables and access modules was designed based on AIML(Artificial Intelligence Markup Language) and ALICE program, adopted heuristic rules. The implementation of question answering system made commanders participating in wargaming query data by natural language, provided ideas for the further improvement of wargaming …
Brief Technical Analysis Of Malicious Cyber Attacks In Power System, Yan Ru, Minrui Fei, Dajun Du
Brief Technical Analysis Of Malicious Cyber Attacks In Power System, Yan Ru, Minrui Fei, Dajun Du
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The power system is responsible for providing electric power to the society. Whether its operation is safe and reliable or not is directly related to the economic livelihood and national security. The malicious cyber-attacks happening on power systems in recent years were summarized, the attack methods used in malicious attack were enumerated, and the complexity and diversity of attack methods were analyzed. The vulnerability of the power system at present was pointed putting forward the corresponding measures to ensure the safe and stable operation of power system. Experimental simulation is designed to analyze the attack methods. The future research …
Dynamic Simulation And Analysis Of The Taxiing Turning Process Of Aircraft, Zhang Qian, Yingshu Zhang
Dynamic Simulation And Analysis Of The Taxiing Turning Process Of Aircraft, Zhang Qian, Yingshu Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To solvethe problem that a certain type of aircraft couldn't turn easily during taxiing,a research was carried out concerning the dynamic taxiing process simulation of the aircraft when only differential brake could be used for turning. After analyzing the aircraft turning process, and applying the software of Matlab, dynamic model of the turning process was established in the Simulink environment. After running the model, studying and analyzing the simulation results, the correspondence between the differential brake turning requirements and the performance of the wheel and brake control system was obtained. Usingthe simulation method,the turning difficult fault is reappeared,the mechanism …
Air Command And Support Heterogeneous Systems Integration Technology Supporting Lvc Simulation, Yongliang Luo, Zhang Jun, Yuping Xiong, Zhihui Zhang, Yuanhui Qin
Air Command And Support Heterogeneous Systems Integration Technology Supporting Lvc Simulation, Yongliang Luo, Zhang Jun, Yuping Xiong, Zhihui Zhang, Yuanhui Qin
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To solve the integration of heterogeneous simulation systems or platforms based on different communication protocols, a heterogeneous system integration technology of Air Command and Security System (ACSS) for LVC simulation was proposed combined with ACSS integrated simulation requirements. By analyzing the characteristics and requirements of air command and support LVC simulation system, an integrated framework of air command and LVC simulation system on the basis of existing heterogeneous system integration technology and data center was proposed. Those aspects such as resource layer, middleware layer, core service layer, application layer and so on were introduced. An integrated framework for command …
Model-Based Design And Simulation For An Aircraft Flight Control System, Chi Yue, Shan Dong, Zhenxin Yan, Hei Peng
Model-Based Design And Simulation For An Aircraft Flight Control System, Chi Yue, Shan Dong, Zhenxin Yan, Hei Peng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The process and method of model-based system engineering (MBSE) and its implementation in highly complex flight control system were clearly introduced. By comparing with traditional design methods, MBSE applied models as baseline instead of documents to handle the complexity of modern systems. The top-down workflow is more capable of ensuring coherence of design process, completeness of requirements verification and system testability. With the simulation of system model, the integrality of design and verification process, system function behavior simulation, implementation of the failure mode, effect analysis (FMEA) and the decreasing of system risk grade are well achieved.
Virtual Flight Modeling And Simulation Of Air-Launched Anti-Ship Missile, Zhipeng Sun, Guanghong Gong
Virtual Flight Modeling And Simulation Of Air-Launched Anti-Ship Missile, Zhipeng Sun, Guanghong Gong
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The relationship between the parameters affecting aerodynamic force was studied, and the aerodynamic coefficient was properly linearly simplified. According to the type of airborne anti-ship missile performance model, the "black box modeling" and extrapolation method was adopted to determine its aerodynamic coefficient, a typical anti-ship missile six degrees of freedom of the simplified dynamic model was established. By studying the flight phases after the missile launch, the flight trajectory model of each flight phase was established by using the control method of the track angle. The whole flight trajectory process of the missile attacking a target was realized and …
Simulation And Verification For Low Altitude Ground Reflection Characteristics Of Low-Frequency Broadband Signal, Zhannan Ma, Feifei Du, Jinxi Chen
Simulation And Verification For Low Altitude Ground Reflection Characteristics Of Low-Frequency Broadband Signal, Zhannan Ma, Feifei Du, Jinxi Chen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Low frequency broadband signals have advantages in improving radar target recognition ability. To determine the ground reflectance of broadband signal at low altitude, the ground reflectance of different frequency points of narrowband is used to compose the equivalent ground reflectance of broadband signal based on ground reflection model. The relationship between ground reflectance and ground characteristics (relative dielectric constant, conductivity), grazing angle, and polarization characteristics were discussed in detail. The reflectance in typical environment was verified using the method of antenna pattern test at low altitude. Results show that the reflectance simulation model was effective, and the model provides …
Research On Visual Objective Test Method Of High-Level Flight Simulator, Zhangfa Liu, Huiyong Li
Research On Visual Objective Test Method Of High-Level Flight Simulator, Zhangfa Liu, Huiyong Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: With the development of commercial aircraft, the demand of high-level flight simulator will increase. In addition to development and production, qualification test is a key link to ensuring the quality of simulator. Visual system plays an important role of flight simulator. In order to meet the requirement of qualification from CAAC, visual objective test based on main qualification test guide of flight simulator was developed. It is very significant that test requirements, test theory and test methods of visual objective test item were researched deeply, including transport delay, field of view, system geometry, surface contrast, brightness, surface resolution, light …
Study Machine Tool Spindle Performance Reliability Based On Bayes Method, Yulun Chi, Haolin Li
Study Machine Tool Spindle Performance Reliability Based On Bayes Method, Yulun Chi, Haolin Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: With the development of high precision machine tool, the reliability requirement is higher and higher for machine tool spindle. Reliability evaluation of spindle based on accelerated life testing is becoming a hot spot of research, and how to improve the precision of evaluation is one of the most important issues. According to the Weibulldistribution characteristic of machine tool spindle reliability, the spindle accelerated life reliability was studied by using the Bayes method. Due to the environment difference between the accelerated test load and the actual working load. The Bayes theory which used the environment difference factor, was introduced to …
Dynamic Simulation For Tethered Trailer Vehicle, Chen Ning, Hongchao Ma
Dynamic Simulation For Tethered Trailer Vehicle, Chen Ning, Hongchao Ma
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Tethered trailer vehicle is a non professional tractor that drags an unpowered vehicle with hemp rope. This conduct has many problems: poor operating stability, and high incidence of traffic accident. A nonlinear dynamic model for longitudinal, lateral, and yaw motions was developed. The model considers nonlinearity through a modified Dugoff's tire friction model, and is seven-degree-of-freedom. A new nonlinear tethered tractor-trailer combination model was created to simulate critical parameters which would cause unstable state. Then, a trailer front-wheel steering feedback control strategy was derived with the goal of improving stability and trajectory tracking feature of the tractor-trailer system. The …
Study On Effect Of Neglecting Transient Terms Of Momentum Equations On Simulation Models Of Single Phase Heated Tubes, Yingwei Kang, Yanan Wang, Daogang Peng, Pengyuan Zheng, Yang Ping
Study On Effect Of Neglecting Transient Terms Of Momentum Equations On Simulation Models Of Single Phase Heated Tubes, Yingwei Kang, Yanan Wang, Daogang Peng, Pengyuan Zheng, Yang Ping
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A model of single phase heated tubes was presented, based on which the effect of neglecting transient terms of momentum equations on model performance was investigated by simulating a heated tube of the superheater of a power plant boiler. It is found that neglecting the transient terms of momentum equations can significantly decrease the dynamic accuracy of the model; under various step disturbances, neglecting the transient terms of momentum equations can speed up the dynamic response of the enthalpy-temperature channel of the model nearly 4 times; under the step disturbance of the inlet steam flux, neglecting the transient terms …
Surrogate Model Based Processor Architectural Design Space Exploration Algorithm, Hongwei Wang, Ziyuan Zhu, Jinglin Shi, Yongtao Su, Hongmei Shi, Zhiguo Liu
Surrogate Model Based Processor Architectural Design Space Exploration Algorithm, Hongwei Wang, Ziyuan Zhu, Jinglin Shi, Yongtao Su, Hongmei Shi, Zhiguo Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A novel surrogate model based penalty-distance multi-objective expected improvement (PDMOEI) algorithm was proposed for processor architectural design space exploration (DSE): first using a Kriging interpolation technique to construct a surrogate model, then adopting the surrogate model based PDMOEI algorithm to search the Pareto points and finding the globally multi-objective optimized architectural parameter configurations. The proposed algorithm was compared with the multi-objective expected improvement (MOEI) algorithm, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) algorithm and the metamodel-assisted NSGA-II (MA-NSGA-II) algorithm by performing two experiments. Experimental results show that, the proposed algorithm achieves better Pareto points pursuing performance than …
Research On Semi-Active Control Strategy Of High Speed Railway Pantograph-Catenary System Based On Model Predictive Control, Zhiling Ren, Lin Dong, Wang Yue, Guangquan Zhang
Research On Semi-Active Control Strategy Of High Speed Railway Pantograph-Catenary System Based On Model Predictive Control, Zhiling Ren, Lin Dong, Wang Yue, Guangquan Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For the pantograph catenary coupling problem, the semi-active control strategy of pantograph catenary system was proposed. According to the established pantograph catenary model and the contact force history data, it used the MPC prediction technique to predict the next moment of contact force. The predicted value and the theoretical value error were calculated, and the MPC controller output the calculated results to the ER damper. The change of the control input of the contact force was provided by the current damper, which made the actual value close to the theoretical value. Experimental results show that the semi-active …
Analysis Of Static Equilibrium Workspace For Under-Constrainted Cable-Driven System With Multi-Robots, Zhigang Zhao, Li Wei, Youde Li, Yanlin Wang, Ma Yan
Analysis Of Static Equilibrium Workspace For Under-Constrainted Cable-Driven System With Multi-Robots, Zhigang Zhao, Li Wei, Youde Li, Yanlin Wang, Ma Yan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For the under-constrainted system that multi-robots tow the payload by cables, which does not meet the condition of force closure and equations are generally not compatible, so the accurate workspace can't be found out. The static equilibrium equation of the system was established, and then the least squares principle combined with the Monte-Carlo method was put forward. When the movement is low speed or quasi static for the payload, the approximate static equilibrium workspace can be found out quickly and the expression of the cable tension is given by using the normal equations and QR decomposition respectively. When position …
Modeling And Simulation Of Hvdc Systems By Three-Phase Dynamic Phasor, Yunhao Zhao, Chongru Liu, Gengyin Li, Feilong Yun
Modeling And Simulation Of Hvdc Systems By Three-Phase Dynamic Phasor, Yunhao Zhao, Chongru Liu, Gengyin Li, Feilong Yun
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A three-phase dynamic phasor (TPDP) model of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems was proposed. The proposed model could rapidly solve the dynamic characteristics of HVDC systems for AC system symmetrical and asymmetrical operating conditions. Switch functions model of converter was enhanced according to commutation process analysis of the converter. Due to the frequency characteristics analysis results, the TPDP model of HVDC systems with the converter, DC line and controller were established through dynamic phasor theory. Simulation results show that the proposed model is effective and acceptable..
Forestry Fire Spatial Diffusion Model Based On Integration Of Multi-Agent Algorithm With Cellular Automata, Zhao Di, Zhisheng Xu
Forestry Fire Spatial Diffusion Model Based On Integration Of Multi-Agent Algorithm With Cellular Automata, Zhao Di, Zhisheng Xu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In view of the existing ultrasonic detection signal attenuation, directional difference, complex propagation paths, and characteristics of the components of complex, a kind of intelligent concrete defect nondestructive detection algorithm based on multi resolution singular entropy was put forward. By using the wavelet algorithm, the ultrasonic signal was decomposed into high, low frequency components of multi scales for each component, then each component was decomposed by singular spectrum analysis, at the same time using the information entropy theory, the calculation of singular entropy as the characteristic defect detection value, using the GA-SVM algorithm was used to train the singular …
Analysis And Design Of Lfc System With Governor Dead-Band Via Generalized Active Disturbance Rejection Control, Shuaibing Chang, Tan Wen, Zhiyong Zeng
Analysis And Design Of Lfc System With Governor Dead-Band Via Generalized Active Disturbance Rejection Control, Shuaibing Chang, Tan Wen, Zhiyong Zeng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To eliminate the effect of the governor dead-band nonlinearities and guarantee the system stability, for load frequency control (LFC) of power systems with governor dead-band nonlinearity, the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) was adopted, and the effectiveness of the control method was verified through the describing function method. A linearized method of dead-band was proposed, and the generalized active disturbance rejection control (GADRC) was adopted. Further, an error compensation scheme was proposed to eliminate the dead-band nonlinearities effectively. Simulation results show that the proposed error compensation scheme can eliminate the dead-band nonlinearity effectively and guarantee the control performance of …
Coordinated Simulation Of Emg Prosthetic Hand Based On Matlab And Adams, You Bo, Shoutong Tao, Huang Ling, Bojun Li, Hanqing Zhao
Coordinated Simulation Of Emg Prosthetic Hand Based On Matlab And Adams, You Bo, Shoutong Tao, Huang Ling, Bojun Li, Hanqing Zhao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to reduce the costs and expense during prosthetic hand research process, a simulation system of prosthetic hand was built by using the virtual technology. Building the multi-DOF prototype model of prosthetic hand with virtual modeling software Pro/E, the model was imported into software ADAMS to verifying the feasibility of prosthetic hand kinematic simulation. Through the interface modular part (ADAMS /control) of MATLAB and ADAMS, using Simulink module of MATLAB software built the prosthetic hand model control system of EMG (electromyography), changing the model information of the corresponding hand movements into actual expected angel of prosthetic hand joints. …
Redevelopment Of Fuel Cell Ground Vehicle Simulation Model Based On Advisor Software, Mingyu Huang, Zhang Zheng, Jiawen Deng, Qiongye Lu, Hongjun Ni, Yidan Zhou
Redevelopment Of Fuel Cell Ground Vehicle Simulation Model Based On Advisor Software, Mingyu Huang, Zhang Zheng, Jiawen Deng, Qiongye Lu, Hongjun Ni, Yidan Zhou
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Vehicle simulation software ADVISOR does not set a vehicle model and driving cycles which can be used to simulate ground vehicle. The fuel cell vehicle model was redeveloped in the software including changed parts parameters and driving cycles according the actual vehicles. The fault of battery control part and fuel cell power output limit part in the default control strategy was analyzed and modified. Through simulating, the results show that the redeveloped vehicle model can simulate on new driving cycles and control strategy is more reasonable. The verification module for control effects of the control strategy was set …
Dynamics Analysis And Intelligent Prediction Of Aquaculture Data, Jiezhuo Zhong, Zhigang Tu, Wencai Du, Wu Wei
Dynamics Analysis And Intelligent Prediction Of Aquaculture Data, Jiezhuo Zhong, Zhigang Tu, Wencai Du, Wu Wei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Data analysis on environmental factors data is crucial to aquaculture, in which three significant parameters were discussed, they are temperature, PH and dissolved oxygen. Fixing some missing data and inaccurate records in the sampling process by high-order curve fitting. Meanwhile, the use of filtering method was adopted to divide systematic errors and rhythms inside parameters. Analysis from different water layers and different time suited the true environment well, which provided effective references for engineering problems. Radial Basis Function Neural Networks was well applied in tracking the parameters trend both globally and locally.
Embedded Real Time Network Multimedia Data Transmission Method, Zaijian Wang, Ting Wan, Dandan Wu, Qingqing Xing
Embedded Real Time Network Multimedia Data Transmission Method, Zaijian Wang, Ting Wan, Dandan Wu, Qingqing Xing
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To improve the speed of data acquisition and real-time video transmission, Filed Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) as the core processor, the Verilog HDL was used to describe the circuit function realization to realize the high-speed access of Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM) based on a typical network real-time transmission network multimedia service data. The new high-speed real-time transmission of video data took full advantage of the characteristics of FPGA parallel processing to improve video data acquisition and transmission rates. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
Wormhole Attack Detection Scheme Design In Zigbee Network, Yanqing Shi, Chen Wei, Bin Yu
Wormhole Attack Detection Scheme Design In Zigbee Network, Yanqing Shi, Chen Wei, Bin Yu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Wormhole attacks destroy the network topology, routing discovery and resource allocation in ZigBee network. A wormhole attack detection scheme was proposed, based on the definition of wormhole node, explicit wormhole node and implicit wormhole node. The scheme marked wormhole nodes by judging the matching between neighborhood and communication radius. On this basis, the scheme designed a type recognition mechanism of wormhole nodes. Safety analysis and experiment results show that the scheme detects wormhole attacks effectively with low communication overhead and computation cost.
Research On Power/Electrical Integrated Simulation Platform Of Nuclear Power Plant Based On Pscad, Ye Peng, Qin Wei, Teng Yun, Yaoning Hu
Research On Power/Electrical Integrated Simulation Platform Of Nuclear Power Plant Based On Pscad, Ye Peng, Qin Wei, Teng Yun, Yaoning Hu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Nuclear power plant (NPP) has the characteristics such as complex internally operation, being sensitive to power network changing and large mathematical models. According to electromagnetic transient simulation platform PSCAD, an integrative simulation platform was established to reflect power regulation characteristic in the power section of nuclear power plant (NPP) and the dynamic operation conditions when NPP was incorporated into power system. With the powerful dynamic control ability and abundant library elements of PSCAD, simulation results proved the power regulation capability in NPP. Disturbed capability analysis of NPP was made during the load-following process after NPP merges into power grid, …
Research On Panoramic Image Mosaic Method Based On Camera Calibration, Jialin Ma, Jinming Zhang, Weixin Sun
Research On Panoramic Image Mosaic Method Based On Camera Calibration, Jialin Ma, Jinming Zhang, Weixin Sun
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A panoramic mosaic method was proposed based on camera calibration, geometric distortion correction and rotation transformation processing was done for stitching image, in order to improve the accuracy of image registration and panorama stitching quality. The homography was acquired by calculating the camera linear calibration, and the inside and outside parameters of the homography were separated. The radial distortion of the image was calculated by the inside parameters, and the image geometric distortion was corrected; a sequence of images was transformed in the same world coordinates using the external parameters; image registration was achieved accurately though the same name …
Research On Simulation Of Emergency Evacuation Guidance Under Biochemical Terror Attacks, Sui Jie, Shengjie Long
Research On Simulation Of Emergency Evacuation Guidance Under Biochemical Terror Attacks, Sui Jie, Shengjie Long
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Biochemical terror attacks can cause numerous casualties, especially when it happens in public places such as subway station, which is densely populated, sealed, and complex in topography. And evacuating guidance plays an important role in reducing casualties. A guidance scheme was established based on both evacuating empirical formula and passengers escaping rules, according to evacuation problems in subway station. Meanwhile, the different features of passengers and their behaviors under attack were analyzed, as well as their impacts on evacuation. By simulating various evacuation situations based on social force simulation model, the importance of environmental features and passengers features in …
Fractional Modeling And Simulation Analysis Of Single-Phase Pwm Rectifier, Zheng Zheng, Fangjun Ma, Yanfang Wei
Fractional Modeling And Simulation Analysis Of Single-Phase Pwm Rectifier, Zheng Zheng, Fangjun Ma, Yanfang Wei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The modeling problem of single-phase PWM rectifier was studied, based on the fact that actual capacitance and inductance is the fractional in nature. The mathematical model of single-phase PWM rectifier was established by using fractional calculus theory, based on modeling method analysis of fractional Caputo definition and PWM rectifier topology. According to instantaneous power theory, for DC component value, the peak to peak value AC component, and the time of dynamic response of the DC side capacitor voltage were analyzed. In theory, DC component value does not change with the order number capacitance, while the AC component is opposite, …
System Modeling And Simulation For Cylinder Controlled By Servo Valve Of Hydraulic Looper In Hot Strip Mills, Guilin Tao, Weigang Li
System Modeling And Simulation For Cylinder Controlled By Servo Valve Of Hydraulic Looper In Hot Strip Mills, Guilin Tao, Weigang Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Starting from the flow characteristics of cylinder controlled by servo valve of hydraulic looper in hot strip mills, a new mathematic model for hydraulic cylinder controlled by servo valve was established by analyzing and deducing the flow characteristics of two chambers of hydraulic cylinder. The model is different from the traditional equivalent model of “load-pressure flux”, and it is adaptable to many structural forms such as symmetric cylinder, asymmetric cylinder and piston cylinder. The simplified equivalent model was deduced by the simplified method of automatic control principles. The simulation experiments were carried out on a practical cylinder controlled …