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Articles 9391 - 9420 of 21441
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Diet Of The Bull Shark, Carcharhinus Leucas, And The Tiger Shark, Galeocerdo Cuvier, In The Eastern Pacific Ocean, Colombo Estupiñán-Montaño, José F. Estupiñán-Ortiz, Luis G. Cedeño-Figueroa, Felipe Galvan Magaña, Carlos J. Polo-Silva
Diet Of The Bull Shark, Carcharhinus Leucas, And The Tiger Shark, Galeocerdo Cuvier, In The Eastern Pacific Ocean, Colombo Estupiñán-Montaño, José F. Estupiñán-Ortiz, Luis G. Cedeño-Figueroa, Felipe Galvan Magaña, Carlos J. Polo-Silva
Turkish Journal of Zoology
This study presents information on the diet of two shark species, Carcharhinus leucas and Galeocerdo cuvier, that inhabit the southeastern Pacific Ocean. The stomachs were collected from October 2003 to July 2005 in Ecuador. Stomachs of 41 C. leucas and six G. cuvier were analyzed. According to the index of relative importance (%IRI), the most important prey for C. leucas were fishes: family Ophichthidae (13.41%), Tylosurus pacificus (9.79%), Katsuwonus pelamis (4.54%), and fish remains (44.81%). G. cuvier, for its part, consumed squids: Ancistrocheirus lesueuri (45.14%), Pholidoteuthis boschmaii (7.81%), and Octopoteuthis spp. (5.17%), as well as turtles: Caretta caretta (9.7%), Lepidochelys …
The Indo-Pacific Brachyuran Charybdis (Gonioinfradens) Paucidentatus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861) (Brachyura, Portunidae) In The Cyclades, Aegean Sea, Gerasimos Kondylatos, Thodoros Kampouris, Vasilis Kouloumperis, Maria Corsini Foka
The Indo-Pacific Brachyuran Charybdis (Gonioinfradens) Paucidentatus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861) (Brachyura, Portunidae) In The Cyclades, Aegean Sea, Gerasimos Kondylatos, Thodoros Kampouris, Vasilis Kouloumperis, Maria Corsini Foka
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The occurrence of the alien Charybdis (Gonioinfradens) paucidentatus is reported from Santorini Island after repeated underwater surveys carried out in 2014-2015. The findings constitute the first record of an Indo-Pacific brachyuran in the south-central Aegean Sea, showing the successful expansion of this portunid recently introduced into the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
The Breeding Bird Community Of A Remnant Urban Woodland In Mcallen, Texas, John S. Brush, Alexis Racelis, Timothy Brush
The Breeding Bird Community Of A Remnant Urban Woodland In Mcallen, Texas, John S. Brush, Alexis Racelis, Timothy Brush
School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)
We conducted a breeding bird survey of a remnant thorn-forest at McAllen Nature Center in 2015 and 2016 to assess the breeding bird community and compare it to that of a larger, exurban refuge. We recorded 37 territorial species in McAllen Nature Center, including 15 species not reported at the exurban tract. Thirteen of these predominantly used the more open, human -maintained habitats in the northern and western sides of the park. The presence of many common thorn-forest birds, including a subset of the regions “South Texas specialty” species, is encouraging. Small remnant woodlands such as McAllen Nature Center may …
Assessing The Efficiency Of Different Sustainable Farming Practices In Reducing The Environmental Impacts Caused By Aquaculture, Rajee Olaganathan, Alicia Tang Kar Mun
Assessing The Efficiency Of Different Sustainable Farming Practices In Reducing The Environmental Impacts Caused By Aquaculture, Rajee Olaganathan, Alicia Tang Kar Mun
Publications
Sustainability of aquaculture is achieved when aquaculture farming systems are capable of preserving the natural resource base and involves an institutional change to the environment by the attainment and continued satisfaction for present and future generations. Sustainable farming practices produce sufficient aquaculture output to satisfy the seafood demand while not burdening the environment more. The potentiality and efficiency of different sustainable aqua farming practices in reducing anthropogenic impacts to the environment by aquaculture are assessed in this paper. Polyculture is mostly adopted by small-scale rural farmers as it requires low entry barrier and help in income diversification. The input of …
Interactions Between Lake Trout And Bull Trout In The Priest Lake System, Idaho, Derek C. Entz
Interactions Between Lake Trout And Bull Trout In The Priest Lake System, Idaho, Derek C. Entz
EWU Masters Thesis Collection
Seasonal and directional movements, and distributions of Bull Trout and Lake Trout between Priest Lake and Upper Priest Lake, Idaho, were studied from May 2015 to April 2017. Lake Trout (n=220) and Bull Trout (n=40) movements were monitored using Lotek JSATS transmitters and hydrophones both passively, using gate formations at either end of the Thorofare, and actively in both lakes. No significant difference was found between directional or seasonal movements of either species (P>0.05) and all movements were observed when water surface temperatures were below 15oC. Poisson regression analysis indicated that there were significantly more detections by the Upper …
Of Cortex And Consciousness: “Phenomenal,” “Access,” Or Otherwise, Scott A. Husband
Of Cortex And Consciousness: “Phenomenal,” “Access,” Or Otherwise, Scott A. Husband
Animal Sentience
From the perspective of a comparative neuroanatomist studying the avian pallium, Woodruff’s (2017) claims about the behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for teleost sentience blur the lines between phenomenal and access consciousness (Block, 1995). I discuss the bias that complex cognition can only arise in the cortical layering typical of the mammalian pallium and conclude that Woodruff makes a good case that the tecto-pallial connections in teleosts are sufficiently complex to support something like sentience.
Learning, Memory, Cognition, And The Question Of Sentience In Fish, Robert Gerlai
Learning, Memory, Cognition, And The Question Of Sentience In Fish, Robert Gerlai
Animal Sentience
Evolutionarily conserved features have been demonstrated at many levels of biological organization across a variety of species. Evolutionary conservation may apply to complex behavioral phenomena too. It is thus not inconceivable that a form of sentience does exist even in the lowest order vertebrate taxon, the teleosts. How similar it is to human sentience in its level of complexity or in its multidimensional features is a difficult question, especially from an experimental standpoint, given that even the definition of human sentience is debated. Woodruff attempts a Turing-like test of fish sentience, and lists numerous neuroanatomic, neurophysiological and behavioral similarities between …
The Emotional Brain Of Fish, Sonia Rey Planellas
The Emotional Brain Of Fish, Sonia Rey Planellas
Animal Sentience
Woodruff (2017) analyzes structural homologies and functional equivalences between the brains of mammals and fish to understand where sentience and social cognition might reside in teleosts. He compares neuroanatomical, neurophysiological and behavioural correlates. I discuss current advances in the study of fish cognitive abilities and emotions, and advocate an evolutionary approach to the underlying basis of sentience in teleosts.
Similar Anatomy Does Not Imply Comparable Function, Jay R. Stauffer Jr.
Similar Anatomy Does Not Imply Comparable Function, Jay R. Stauffer Jr.
Animal Sentience
Woodruff concludes that ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) are sentient and that the pallium contributes to sentience in these fishes. He gives a detailed description of the pallium; however, he assumes that similar structures in fishes and tetrapods support similar behaviors, capabilities, and functions. I reject the premise that similarities in structure imply similarities in function. The fact that a selected species of fish may exhibit behaviors, reactions, and/or anatomy suggestive of sentience does not necessarily generalize to all teleosts.
Can Unconscious Brain Processes Indicate Sentience?, Vincent Taschereau-Dumouchel, Piercesare Grimaldi, Hakwan Lau
Can Unconscious Brain Processes Indicate Sentience?, Vincent Taschereau-Dumouchel, Piercesare Grimaldi, Hakwan Lau
Animal Sentience
We disagree with Woodruff that we have good neurobiological reasons to think fishes are sentient, because mechanisms for consciousness are controversial even in humans. To the extent that there are consensuses in that literature, they do not support Woodruff's claims.
What Can Vigilance Tell Us About Fear?, Guy Beauchamp
What Can Vigilance Tell Us About Fear?, Guy Beauchamp
Animal Sentience
Animal vigilance is concerned with the monitoring of potential threats caused by predators and conspecifics. Researchers have argued that threats are part of a landscape of fear tracking the level of risk posed by predators and conspecifics. Vigilance, which is expected to vary with the level of risk, could thus be used as a measure of fear. Here, I explore the relationship between vigilance and fear caused by predators and conspecifics. The joint occurrence of vigilance and other physiological responses to fear, such as increased heart rate and stress hormone release, would bolster the idea that vigilance can be a …
Operationalizing Fear Through Understanding Vigilance, Ralph Adolphs
Operationalizing Fear Through Understanding Vigilance, Ralph Adolphs
Animal Sentience
Beauchamp’s target article raises important questions about the features that often accompany fear. How reliable an indicator of fear is vigilance? Is it constitutive, cause, or consequence of fear? These questions force us towards a clearer definition of “fear.”
Individual Variation In Fear Behaviour, Rob Found
Individual Variation In Fear Behaviour, Rob Found
Animal Sentience
Individual variation in behaviour adds another layer of complexity to studies of animal responses to fear and risk, but when individual responses are consistent, and correlated with other behaviours, these patterns can provide a structure that furthers our understanding. I interpret Beauchamp’s review of vigilance and fear from the perspective of my own studies of elk personality. Wild elk responses to changing stimuli (benign or aversive) illustrate how personality is a key factor in explaining variation in vigilance and fear behavior. Personality even influences how wildlife can learn to assess risk and adjust their fear responses accordingly.
Considering Side Biases In Vigilance And Fear, Lesley J. Rogers
Considering Side Biases In Vigilance And Fear, Lesley J. Rogers
Animal Sentience
Measures of vigilance and fear might be more consistently associated if side biases are taken into account, because the right side of the brain is specialised to detect predators and to express fear responses. In species with eyes positioned laterally and with relatively small binocular fields, this brain asymmetry is manifested as eye preferences because each eye sends most of its input to be processed in the opposite side of the brain. Hence, responses elicited by stimuli on the animal’s left side are more likely be associated with fear than are responses to the same stimuli on the animal’s right …
A Histopathological Study On The Freshwater Fish Species Chub(Squalius Cephalus) In The Karasu River, Turkey, Hati̇ce Dane, Turgay Şi̇şman
A Histopathological Study On The Freshwater Fish Species Chub(Squalius Cephalus) In The Karasu River, Turkey, Hati̇ce Dane, Turgay Şi̇şman
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The present study examined the gills and liver histopathology of the freshwater fish chub caught from three different sites (Site A: Aşkale, Site D: Dumlu, and Site S: Serçeme) in the Karasu River. At Site A, the concentrations of some metals such as cadmium, aluminum, arsenic, lead, and manganese exceeded acceptable levels according to the Turkish Standards Institute. Moreover, the concentrations of metals in the liver and gills of the collected fish were determined. The presence of histological alterations was assessed by the degree of tissue change. The quantitative histological assessment indicated that the histological lesions were comparatively most severe …
Updated Checklist Of Odonata Fauna In The Turkish Thrace Region, With Additional Records Of New, Rare, And Threatened Taxa, Nurten Hacet
Updated Checklist Of Odonata Fauna In The Turkish Thrace Region, With Additional Records Of New, Rare, And Threatened Taxa, Nurten Hacet
Turkish Journal of Zoology
A new record for the Odonata from Turkish Thrace, Lindenia tetraphylla (Vander Linden, 1825), and its heterofamilial heterosexual tandem with a female of Orthetrum albistylum (Selys, 1848) are reported. This finding increases the species number in the region to 56. The current species list of the region based on unpublished records and available literature is presented. Five species are listed at subspecies levels in the region and the controversial subspecies status of some species is summarized. Additional records of rare species based on specimens collected in the region between 2001 and 2015 are provided and their distributions and threat statuses …
A Review Of Subtribe Phrosinellina Verves, 1989, With Descriptionof Phrosinella (Asiometopia) Kocaki Sp. Nov. From The Middle East(Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Miltogramminae: Metopiaini), Yury Verves, Liudmyla Khrokalo
A Review Of Subtribe Phrosinellina Verves, 1989, With Descriptionof Phrosinella (Asiometopia) Kocaki Sp. Nov. From The Middle East(Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Miltogramminae: Metopiaini), Yury Verves, Liudmyla Khrokalo
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Phrosinella kocaki Verves & Khrokalo sp. nov. from Israel is described as being new to science. A similar species, Phrosinella kozlovi (Rohdendorf, 1925), is recorded for the first time for Turkey and redescribed. Faunistic and ecological data on 31 species from 3 genera of subtribe Phrosinellina are given: Gymnoprosopa Townsend, 1892 (6 species); Gymnopsidia Shewell, 1987 (1 species); and Phrosinella Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 (24 species). An original key to the genera and subgenera is presented.
The Effect Of Pistacia Terebinthus Extract On Lipid Peroxidation, Glutathione,Protein, And Some Enzyme Activities In Tissues Of Rats Undergoing Oxidative Stress, Semra Türkoğlu, Sai̇t Çeli̇k, Serhat Keser, İsmai̇l Türkoğlu, Ökkeş Yilmaz
The Effect Of Pistacia Terebinthus Extract On Lipid Peroxidation, Glutathione,Protein, And Some Enzyme Activities In Tissues Of Rats Undergoing Oxidative Stress, Semra Türkoğlu, Sai̇t Çeli̇k, Serhat Keser, İsmai̇l Türkoğlu, Ökkeş Yilmaz
Turkish Journal of Zoology
This study measures the effects of Pistacia terebinthus flower extract on the amounts of lipid peroxidation (LPO), total protein, glutathione, and enzyme activities in blood. It also measures the effects of the plant extract on glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities and it arrives at the conclusion that GSH-Px activity significantly increased in the Pistacia terebinthus-hydrogen peroxide group (P < 0.0001) and SOD activity meaningfully increased in the Pistacia terebinthus (P < 0.05) and Pistacia terebinthus-hydrogen peroxide (P < 0.0001) groups. It is also found that P. terebinthus extract has protective effects against LPO exerted in the kidney, brain, and lungs (P < 0.0001). The positive effects of P. terebinthus extract are also found on the levels of glutathione and total protein in all organs, except for the level of glutathione in the spleen and brain, and the increase of glutathione and total protein (P < 0.0001). These results are parallel to the effect of the extract used in this study on the LPO levels in tissues and they show that the plant species used in the study has positive effects on the activities of antioxidant molecules as well as protective effects against LPO.
Spatial And Temporal Variations Of Soft Bottom Polychaetes Of Sinop Peninsula(Southern Black Sea) With New Records, Güley Kurt Şahi̇n, Ertan Dağli, Murat Sezgi̇n
Spatial And Temporal Variations Of Soft Bottom Polychaetes Of Sinop Peninsula(Southern Black Sea) With New Records, Güley Kurt Şahi̇n, Ertan Dağli, Murat Sezgi̇n
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The soft bottom polychaete community was examined seasonally at eight stations between August 2009 and July 2010. A total of 76 species belonging to 27 families were identified in the Sinop Peninsula (southern Black Sea), of which 23 species are new records for the Black Sea fauna and 7 species for the Black Sea coast of Turkey. Syllidae was the best represented family in the research area and contributed 15.78% of the total fauna. The most dominant and frequent species were Micronephthys stammeri and Protodorvillea kefersteini in the study area. Community parameters varied significantly among stations and seasons; number of …
The Phenology Of Pulvinaria Floccifera Westwood (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), A New Invasive Pest On Ornamentals Outdoors In Poland, Bozena Lagowska, Katarzyna Golan, Katarzyna Kmiec, Izabela Kot, Edyta Gorska Drabik, Katarzyna Goliszek
The Phenology Of Pulvinaria Floccifera Westwood (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), A New Invasive Pest On Ornamentals Outdoors In Poland, Bozena Lagowska, Katarzyna Golan, Katarzyna Kmiec, Izabela Kot, Edyta Gorska Drabik, Katarzyna Goliszek
Turkish Journal of Zoology
The phenology of Pulvinaria floccifera infesting common holly was studied from June 2009 to October 2011 in Central Poland. Live specimens were most abundant on the leaves in July and August, while dead individuals were most numerous in winter and early spring each year. The scale completed one generation per year in the field and both the second and third instar nymphs overwintered. Following the spring molting to the 3rd instar or to the young adult females were observed in April and early May. The young adult females were first recorded in the second 10-day period of May. Oviposition occurred …
Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, And Trichoptera Assemblages Of Karst Springs In Relationto Some Environmental Factors: A Case Study In Central Bosnia And Herzegovina, Ana Savic, Dejan Dmitrovic, Vladimir Pesic
Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, And Trichoptera Assemblages Of Karst Springs In Relationto Some Environmental Factors: A Case Study In Central Bosnia And Herzegovina, Ana Savic, Dejan Dmitrovic, Vladimir Pesic
Turkish Journal of Zoology
In this study we analyzed changes of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) assemblages in 50 springs along the Cvrcka River mainstream in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. Springs were divided into 3 groups: rheocrene, rheopsammocrene, and piped springs. The objectives of our survey were to analyze changes in EPT communities in response to some environmental factors and anthropogenic activities. Twenty-eight morphologically distinct taxa were identified. EPT diversity was positively correlated to discharge and areal coverage of sand and stones but negatively correlated with areal coverage of algae. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the most important factors in structuring EPT spring assemblages …
Seasonal Changes In Tawny Owl (Strix Aluco) Diet In An Oak Forest In Eastern Ukraine, Yehor Yatsiuk, Yuliya Filatova
Seasonal Changes In Tawny Owl (Strix Aluco) Diet In An Oak Forest In Eastern Ukraine, Yehor Yatsiuk, Yuliya Filatova
Turkish Journal of Zoology
We analyzed seasonal changes in Tawny Owl (Strix aluco) diet in a broadleaved forest in Eastern Ukraine over 6 years (2007-2012). Annual seasons were divided as follows: December-mid-April, April-June, July-early October, and late October-November. In total, 1648 pellets were analyzed. The most important prey was the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) (41.9%), but the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) (17.8%) dominated in some seasons. According to trapping results, the bank vole was the most abundant rodent species in the study region. The most diverse diet was in late spring and early summer. Small forest mammals constituted the dominant group in all seasons, …
The Incidence Of Rare Males In Seven Parthenogeneticartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca) Populations, Muhammad Saleem Chang, Alireza Asem, Shichun Sun
The Incidence Of Rare Males In Seven Parthenogeneticartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca) Populations, Muhammad Saleem Chang, Alireza Asem, Shichun Sun
Turkish Journal of Zoology
Males that present infrequently in parthenogenetic Artemia are commonly called "rare males". By rearing cloned parthenogenetic Artemia in the laboratory, the frequency of rare males was observed for seven Artemia populations with different ploidy compositions. The results showed that the values of the male:female ratio varied from 0.53:1000 to 1.40:1000 in diploids from different populations, and there were significant differences among populations and clones. No rare males were found in any of the 46 polyploid clones (217,197 individuals) observed.
Cautions About Precautions, Jay R. Stauffer Jr.
Cautions About Precautions, Jay R. Stauffer Jr.
Animal Sentience
Assuming an animal to be sentient in the absence of conclusive evidence to the contrary is an extreme position, hence it should not and could not be the default assumption. Birch explains how the precautionary principle may be used to substantiate decisions to give the animal the benefit of doubt. Although I am reluctant to accept all of his points, Birch has provided an excellent argument for the use of the precautionary principle for the detection of animal sentience. I agree that more research is needed to refine and understand this relationship.
Raising The Moral Consciousness Of Science, Bernard Rollin
Raising The Moral Consciousness Of Science, Bernard Rollin
Animal Sentience
Precaution on behalf of sentient animals should not be tempered by the questionable principle of the amorality of science.
Justifying The Precautionary Principle With Expected Net-Welfare Maximization, Yew-Kwang Ng
Justifying The Precautionary Principle With Expected Net-Welfare Maximization, Yew-Kwang Ng
Animal Sentience
The precautionary principle may be best justified on the principle of expected net-welfare/benefit maximization; there is no conflict between the two principles. We should want to be more cautious for cases with high benefit-to-cost ratios; there should thus be different degrees of precaution. For measures to reduce extinction-threatening environmental disruption or to reduce animal suffering that cost us little or nothing, we should adopt them even for species having only a small likelihood of being sentient, i.e., we should be more cautious. This argument is based on welfarism, which I strongly defend elsewhere (Ng 1990 & forthcoming).
Not Statistically Significant, But Still Scientific, Rachael L. Brown
Not Statistically Significant, But Still Scientific, Rachael L. Brown
Animal Sentience
Birch’s formulation is persuasive but not nuanced enough to capture at least one situation where it is reasonable to invoke the precautionary principle (PP): when we have multiple, weak, but convergent, lines of evidence that a species is sentient, but no statistically significant evidence of a single credible indicator of sentience within the order as required by BAR. I respond to the worry that if we include such cases in our framework for applying the PP, we open ourselves to the charge of being “unscientific.”
The Precautionary Principle: A Cautionary Note, Robert C. Jones
The Precautionary Principle: A Cautionary Note, Robert C. Jones
Animal Sentience
The precautionary principle regarding animal sentience is often used in decision-making about human actions that may cause harm to nonhuman animals. Birch (2017) develops an account of the precautionary principle requiring two pragmatic rules for its implementation. I support Birch's proposal but offer a cautionary note about relying on precautionary principles if one's ultimate goal is to emancipate animals from human domination.
Will The Precautionary Principle Broaden Acceptance Of Animal Sentience?, Simon Leadbeater
Will The Precautionary Principle Broaden Acceptance Of Animal Sentience?, Simon Leadbeater
Animal Sentience
Birch uses existing practice to develop a formal Animal Sentience Precautionary Principle (ASPP), which he hopes will become more widely adopted and improve animal welfare outcomes. Birch considers the assumption that all animals are sentient to be extreme. Despite its merits, Birch’s ASPP remains human-centred.
Red Snapper Distribution On Natural Habitats And Artificial Structures In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Mandy Karnauskas, John F. Walter Iii, Matthew D. Campbell, Adam G. Pollack, J. Marcus Drymon, Sean P. Powers
Red Snapper Distribution On Natural Habitats And Artificial Structures In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Mandy Karnauskas, John F. Walter Iii, Matthew D. Campbell, Adam G. Pollack, J. Marcus Drymon, Sean P. Powers
University Faculty and Staff Publications
In 2011, an intensive, multiple-gear, fishery-independent survey was carried out in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) to collect comprehensive age and length information on Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus. Based on this synoptic survey, we produced a spatial map of Red Snapper relative abundance that integrates both gear selectivity effects and ontogenetically varying habitat usage. Our methodology generated a spatial map of Red Snapper at a 10-km2 grid resolution that is consistent with existing knowledge of the species: Red Snapper occurred in relatively high abundances at depths of 50–90 m along the coasts of Texas and Louisiana and in smaller, …