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A Study Of The Summer Steelhead, Oncorhynchus Mykiss In Several Intermittent Tributaries Of The Satus Creek Basin, Washington, Joel Denney Hubble

All Master's Theses

The summer steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss population was studied in three intermittent tributaries in the Satus Creek Basin. There was a strong tendency for post emergent fry, resulting from redds located in intermittent reaches to move downstream. However, survival to perennial flow conditions was very low. Steelhead production in Dry Creek appears to be lower than in Logy Creek, because of elevated water temperatures and minimal spring and summer stream flow.

The Costs Of Female Choice In A Lekking Bird, Robert M. Gibson, Gwendolyn C. Bachman

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

We investigated the costs of active female choice in sage grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus, a lekking species in which females make repeated, lengthy visits to leks to assess males before mating. Several potential costs were measured by monitoring changes in hens' ranging behavior, time budgets, and encounter rates with predators when they visited leks. Two costs were identified: hens moved further per day and encountered golden eagles, Aquila chrysaetos, more frequently when visiting leks. However, extra travel due to visiting leks increased predicted daily energetic expenditure by only about 1%, and the risk of predation by golden eagles over …

Phylogeny, Historical Biogeography, And Ecology Of Anophryocephalus Spp. (Eucestoda: Tetrabothriidae) Among Pinnipeds Of The Holarctic During The Late Tertiary And Pleistocene, Eric P. Hoberg, Ann M. Adams

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Phylogenetic systematic analyses of Anophryocephalus spp. resulted in a single most-parsimonious cladogram (consistency index: 80%). Cladograms for pinniped hosts (phocids and otariids) and Anophryocephalus spp. were highly incongruent, corroborating a hypothesis for colonization as a dominant determinant of parasite diversification. Phoca (Pusa) spp. in the Atlantic basin are postulated as the initial hosts; range expansion for hosts and parasites into the Pacific basin through the Arctic (ca. 3.0-2.5 million years ago) was followed by radiation of Anophryocephalus spp. among Phoca spp. and subsequent colonization of otariids (Eumetopias jubatus as typical hosts; ca. 2.0 million years ago). Host …

Predation Risk And Feeding Site Preferences In Winter Foraging Birds, Yen-Min Kuo

Masters Theses

A foraging animal's choice of feeding location may represent a trade-off between maximizing its energy or nutrient intake and avoiding predation. In the present study, two hypotheses were investigated to test the influence of predation risk on feeding site preferences of birds: 1) there are differences among the preferences of feeding heights of birds, 2) the magnitude of preference increases with increasing predation risk found in different habitats. In my study site, three feeding stations (located in the woods, the woods/field edge, and an open field) each containing three feeders (0 m, 1.5 m, and 3 m from the ground) …

Introduction (English, French, German, And Spanish), Stephen L. Wood, Donald E. Bright Jr.

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

No abstract provided.

Supplement To The 1987 Bibliography, Stephen L. Wood, Donald E. Bright Jr.

Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs

No abstract provided.

Field Evaluation Of Tilapia Zilli (Gervais) As A Biological Control Agent For Mosquito Control, E. J. Asimeng, M. J. Mutinga

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Tilapia zilli (Gervais), a larvivorous fish identified in the Mwea Rice Irrigation System (Kenya), was evaluated in the field to assess its potential for biological control of mosquito larvae. The study was conducted from October 1991 to April 1992 in experimental ponds constructed at Mbui-Njeru, which is one of the 36 villages in the irrigation scheme. T. zilli was found to be extremely effective in controlling mosquito breeding that persisted throughout the study period. However, the presence of vegetation and turbidity significantly reduced its efficiency in predation. The negative effects of vegetation could be averted by combining T. zilli with …

Investigations Of Forage Fish And Lake Trout Salvelinus Namaycush Interactions In Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Wyoming-Utah, Daniel L. Yule

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

I investigated the interaction of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and their dominant forage fish populations, Utah chub (Gila atraria) and kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), in Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Wyoming-Utah. Through bioenergetics modeling, I quantified the consumption dynamics of the lake trout population. From hydroacoustics analyses, I quantified the density and biomass of the two dominant forage fish populations.

In Chapter II, I report the results of the energetics analysis. The objective of this chapter was to understand the role of lake trout predation in recent changes in fish assemblage structure of the reservoir. Through …

First Evidence Of Plague (Yersinia Pestis) In Nebraska Is Found In Panhandle Predators, Dallas Virchow, Wayne L. Kramer, Charles S. Brown, Scott E. Hygnstrom, Alan M. Barnes

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

In September, 1992, plague (Yersinia pestis) antibody was found in the blood of a coyote (Canis latrans) (1:128 titer) and a badger (Taxidea taxus) (1:2048 titer) taken near a suspect black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) town in Sioux County. However, a 1989-1991 survey of 96 coyotes taken from nine Nebraska Panhandle counties demonstrated no plague antibodies. Passive hemagglutination tests of Nobuto blood-sampling paper proved useful to quickly survey a predator population that is distributed across a broad geographic area.

Impacts Of Types On Feed And Market Requirements, Donald L. Boggs

South Dakota Beef Seedstock Symposium, 1991

So you want to make them bigger! Or, do you want to add some milk to your cow herd? Improvements in these and other traits offer opportunities to increase production through higher weaning weights. However, the increased outputs are accompanied by increased feed and management inputs. Available research indicates that the increased production may or may not outweigh the increased inputs. Mature cow size and level of milk production are typically the factors considered when changes in cattle type are discussed. Numerous research studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of these factors on biological and economic efficiency. In …

Current Status Of National Cattle Evaluation Programs For Carcass Traits, Larry Benyshek

South Dakota Beef Seedstock Symposium, 1991

At present, diet conscious consumers are exerting considerable pressure on the beef industry. Consumers continually indicate they are concerned about, and in fact, will not tolerate fat associated with red meat products (Breidenstein, 1988). This has resulted in many retailers trimming various cuts of beef to 1/8 inch of subcutaneous fat and in some cases a complete trimming of fat. It is probably conservative to estimate the industry produces an excess of 500 million pounds of fat each year from those carcasses with a yield grade above two. This excess fat represents the nutritional energy in more than a million …

Computations Associated With National Beef Cattle Evaluation Programs, Larry Benyshek

South Dakota Beef Seedstock Symposium, 1991

In 1971-72 the first U.S. National Sire Summary was published by a beef cattle breed association. At that time the idea of extending beef performance records into a national progeny testing program was indeed revolutionary. Until 1972, truly accurate comparisons of bulls could only be made within a herd-year-season contemporary group. The first and subsequent National Sire Summaries compared bulls across herds and/or generations.

Which Cows Are More Efficient, D. M. Marshall

South Dakota Beef Seedstock Symposium, 1991

On the surface, the topic of cow efficiency may seem to be primarily of importance to commercial cow-calf producers. The topic is also of importance to seedstock producers, because the primary purpose of the seedstock industry is to provide genetic resources for the commercial industry. It is critical that seedstock producers develop a good understanding of the challenges faced by commercial producers in order to provide the best possible services. Feed costs for the cow herd represent the single largest expense in producing retail beef. The proportion of total energy utilized in beef production that is required to support the …

1991 South Dakota Beef Seedstock Symposium, December 13-14, 1991, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Beef Seedstock Symposium, 1991

This is the complete publication of presentations from the 1991 South Dakota Seedstock Symposium held on December 13-14, 1991 at South Dakota State University, Brookings.

Crossbreeding Systems And The Theory Behind Composite Breeds, James A, Gosey

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Crossbreeding serves the beef cattle industry as a tool to improve productivity through heterosis (hybrid vigor) and through complementarity (combining different breed strengths) to match genetic resources to various feed resources, climates, management levels and markets. Commercial cattlemen need to understand the principles of crossbreeding so they can adapt crossbreeding to their specific environment and needs. Seedstock breeders must be able to intelligently advise their commercial customers and know where their seedstock best fits into crossbreeding programs. Cattlemen today can be much more sophisticated in their approach to using crossbreeding. They realize many of the crossbreeding mistakes of the past …

Matching Cattle Nutrient Requirements To A Ranch’S Forage Resource, Or “Why We Calve Late”, Gregg Simonds

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Our goal at Deseret Land and Livestock is to maximize long-term profit. Our profit is a function of the following factors: the prices we receive for our production, our amount of production, the costs of production, and the productive capabilities of our land and labor. Prices, production, and cost are managed on an annual basis. The long-term outcome of one’s management is determined by their attention and skill in enhancing the capability of land and labor.

These factors of profit can vary tremendously within and between years. For example, prices for 400-500 pound steer calves from 1979-1989 varied nearly $.58/pound …

Biotechnology – Harnessing An Exciting New Tool For Beef Production, Burke Healey

Range Beef Cow Symposium

As ranchers and cattle breeders we are entering what may well be the most exciting decade of our era. A new tool has been unleashed. That tool is biotechnology. Yes, the future is here. All we have to do is harness this amazing breakthrough.

Characteristics Of Diverse Breeds In Cycle Iv Of The Cattle Germ Plasm Evaluation Program At The U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Larry V. Cundiff, Keith Gregory, R. M. Koch, John D. Crouse, Michael E. Dikeman

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Breed differences in performance characteristics are an important genetic resource for improving efficiency of beef production. Diverse breeds are required to exploit heterosis and complementarity through crossbreeding and new composite breeds and to match genetic potential with diverse markets, feed resources and climates. This report presents preliminary results from an ongoing study at the Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (MARC) to characterize breeds of cattle representing diverse biological types for traits that influence quantity and value of production.

Management Strategies For Improving The Re-Breeding Of The Cow, James E. Kinder, Leree A. Werth

Range Beef Cow Symposium

What are the primary factors that influence the ability of cows to rebreed following calving? From a broad perspective, two key factors influence when conception occurs. First, cows must initiate estrous (heat) cycles following calving to provide the proper conditions for conception to be possible. Secondly those events involved in conception must occur. We will discuss what has to occur before estrous cycles are initiated. The influence of the presence of bulls on initiation of estrous cycles is emphasized. In the second section of the paper, we describe conception rates in 2 and 3 year old cows during the early …

Managing Cow Calf Resources, Bob Taylor

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Effective management involves the decision-making process whereby success can be achieved. Success is the progressive realization of worthwhile goals.

A realistic management goal for profit-oriented cow-calf producers is as follows:

Manage the available resource (optimum combination) for maximum continuing net profit while conserving and improving the resources.

Cow-calf operations have several resource areas that must be profitably managed. These resources are land (forage), cattle, markets, equipment, human (hired labor, management and family) and possibly others. Biological and economical relationships within and between these resource areas that affect productivity and profitability must be understood and managed.

Without question, the human resource …

If Immunity Fails, Don’T Pick On Your Drug Salesman – It May Be Nutritional, Cheryl F. Nockels

Range Beef Cow Symposium

“But I vaccinated those calves for enterotoxemia, they couldn’t have died from Clostridium perfringens. That vaccine must not be any good! Just wait until I get hold of that drug company salesperson.” Does this scenario or a similar experience seem familiar to you? I’m not saying that there aren’t times when vaccines fail to cause the animal to produce its own protective response by stimulating the immune system. A substance foreign to the body that induces the immune system to response is called an antigen, as found in vaccines or organisms such as bacteria or viruses. An animal’s immunological …

State Of The Fisheries Report 1991, Fisheries Department Of Western Australia

Status Reports of the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

The State of the Fisheries is published annually by the Fisheries Department as part of the statutory reporting process required under the Fisheries Act. This report covers developments and production in the State's fisheries up to the end of December 1991. Full details of the department's operations for this period are published separately in the department's annual reports for the financial years ending June 1991 and 1992. Figures provided in the tables are derived from catch returns completed by fishermen which are processed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics up to June 1991. Other information provided in the text comes …

Kentucky Warbler (Vol. 67, No. 4), Kentucky Library Research Collections

The Kentucky Warbler

No abstract provided.

Wpa News 34 (1991), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (November 1991), number 34

Published by the World Pheasant Association

A Review Of Plant Introductions To The Kimberley 1955 To 1987, R Mccartney

Grain and other field crops published reports

This report summarizes the work done by the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, in the west and north Kimberley in introducing plant species during 1955-1987.

For the purposes of this repor1the following areas are defined thus:

• West Kimberley- lies between latitude 17°5 and 19°5 and longitude 121°E and 127°E, with an extension to the north of 1° between 121°E and I 24°20'E. The area is 118,000 km".

• North Kimberley - lies north of latitude 17°5 and between longitude 124°20'E and 127°30'E. The area is 85,000 km'.

• East Kimberley-lies north of latitude 19°5 and between longitude 127°30'E and …

1992 Beef Cattle Report, Darrell W. Nelson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Economic efficiency of beef production to weaning and to slaughter was estimated in three groups, different in milk available (low, medium, and high) to the calves but the same in growth potential. Efficiency was the ratio of income to expenses. Income was derived from cull cows and calves at weaning or carcasses of calves fed to slaughter. Feed and non-feed expenses for the cowherd and for calves to weaning or to slaughter were included. Efficiencies were estimated assuming observed reproductive rates and energy requirements for maintenance, as well as for equal reproductive rates and equal requirements for maintenance in the …

The Mayfly Newsletter, Peter M. Grant

The Mayfly Newsletter

The Mayfly Newsletter is the official newsletter of the Permanent Committee of the International Conferences on Ephemeroptera.

Department Of Fisheries Annual Report 1990/91, Department Of Fisheries, Western Australia

Department of Fisheries Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

A Laboratory Study Of Predation On The Trinidadian Guppy, Poecilia Reticulata, By Two Natural Piscine Predators: Effects Of Predator Size, Prey Size, And Habitat Complexity, Hayden Thomas Mattingly

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Test populations of different-sized guppies, Poecilia reticulata, were exposed to individuals of two natural predatory species, the pike cichlid Crenicichla a/ta and the killifish Rivulus harti, under conditions of varying prey (guppy) density and habitat complexity in the laboratory. Rivulus fed most frequently on newborn and juvenile guppies < 14 mm. Crenicichla consumed more and larger guppies than did Rivulus. The mean guppy size eaten by Crenicichla was dependent on the length of the individual predator, but as a group, the 15 Crenicichla tested were non-selective with respect to guppy size and gender. The prey gender preference of Rivulus could not he determined …

The Identification, Distribution, And Status Of The Threatened Dismal Swamp Shrew (Sorex Longirostris Fisheri), Thomas M. Padgett

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Southeastern shrews (Sorex longirostris) were trapped throughout southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina to determine if any morphological characters could

be identified that would aid in the identification and distribution of the threatened subspecies Sorex l._ fisheri, endemic to the Great Dismal Swamp, the more upland nominate subspecies Sorex l. longirostris, and possible intergrades between the two subspecies. Animals were classified a priori into three groups, based on their location of capture. Animals collected from the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (GDSNWR) and associated bottomland habitats were designated as "fisheri", animals collected farthest from the Swamp as "longirostris", and …