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Growth And Carcass Characteristics In Wether Lambs Of A Crossbred Dam Line, A. M. Van Heelsum, R. M. Lewis, M. H. Davies, W. Haresign

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

While crossing of specialized sire and dam breeds can be biologically efficient overall, a by-product is produced in the form of (crossbred) males of the dam line that are unwanted for breeding. In the UK sheep indusiru, most commercial females are first crosses between males of 'longwool' crossing sire breeds, predominantly the Biuefaced Leicester, and females of hill breeds. Genetic improvement of carcass quality in longwool breeds would benefit the surplus F₁males as well asfilter through to tile terminal sire cross lambs produced by the F₁ewes. As afirst step, this paper aims to describe thegrowth and …

Dna Sequence Of Melanocortin 1-Receptor Gene In Coturnix Japonica: Correlation With Three E Locus Alleles, E, E+, Erh, Rupali B. Ugrankar

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

The melanocortin 1-receptor (MC1-R) gene plays a key role in the expression of fur and feather color in mammals and birds by regulating the distribution of two melanin pigments: eumelanin (black/brown) and pheomelanin (red/yellow). MC1-R corresponds to the classical Extension (E) locus in mice, pigs, dogs, horses, and chickens. Three E locus alleles, the wild-type (e + ), brown (E), and redhead (e rh) have been identified in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). To determine if the quail E locus phenotypes were due to variation in the MC1-R gene, the coding region of the MC1-R gene was PCR amplified and DNA …

Varriation Of Growth Rates In Yellow-Bellied Marmots, Carmen M. Salsbury, K. B. Armitage

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Growth rates of yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris) populations over a 32-year period (1965 -1996) varied Significantly with sex, age, location, and year. Overall, males had higher growth rates than females and young and yearlings generally had higher growth rates compared to adults at all locations. The locations varied with respect to elevation and the relationship between elevation and growth rate was complex and likely weather dependent. Low rainfall in late summer was often associated with low growth rates at high elevations where the active season is constrained and delayed by late spring snowmelt compared to low elevations. Growth rates and …

Seasonal Body Temperature Fluctuations And Energetic Strategies In Free-Ranging Eastern Woodchucks, Carmen M. Salsbury

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

During a 2-year period, radiotelemetry was used to continuously monitor body temperature ( T b) of free-ranging woodchucks (Marmota monax) in southeastern Pennsylvania. Hibernation was preceded by daily T b fluctuations ("test drops") of 2-4°C. During hibernation, woodchucks exhibited the characteristic pattern of torpor bouts. Time of arousals occurred randomly, but onset of torpor occurred predominantly between 1800 and 0000 h. Males had shorter hibernation periods (mean of 104.8 days) than did females (121.8 days). Males had shorter torpor bouts, but euthermic bouts were the same length as in females. Males also maintained higher T b during torpor. Overall, the …

2003 Beef Cattle Report

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Entire issue. 92 pages.

Evaluation Of Buffering Agents In Feedlot Diets For Cattle, Travis Farran, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Six ruminally cannulated heifers were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square to determine effects of Acid Buf, sodium bicarbonate and Rumensin on severity of acidosis and feeding behavior when fed to cattle consuming high grain finishing diets. Heifers received diets containing no added buffer, Acid Buf at 0.75% or 1.25% DM, sodium bicarbonate at 1.25% DM, 28 grams/ton Rumensin, or 28 grams/ton Rumensin + 0.75% DM Acid Buf. Heifers were adapted to dietary treatments 9 days before a 5-day data collection period. Animals fed Acid Buf and sodium bicarbonate had a higher average ruminal pH. Feeding Rumensin and …

Growth And The Expression Of Alternative Life Cycles In The Salamander Ambystoma Talpoideum (Caudata: Ambystomatidae), Travis J. Ryan, Raymond D. Semlitsch

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Complex life cycles (CLCs) contain larval and adult phases that are morphologically and ecologically distinct. Simple life cycles (SLCs) have evolved from CLCs repeatedly in a wide variety of lineages but the processes that may underlie the transition have rarely been identified or investigated experimentally. We examined the influence of larval growth rate on the facultative expression of alternative life cycles (metamorphosis or maturation as gill-bearing adults [= paedomorphosis]) in the salamander Ambystoma talpoideum. We manipulated growth rates by altering the amount of food individuals received throughout larval development. The expression of alternative life cycles in A. talpoideum is influenced …

Influence Of Glyphosate-Tolerant (Event Nk603) And Corn Rootworm Protected (Event Mon863) Corn Silage And Grain On Feed Consumption And Milk Production In Holstein Cattle, R. J. Grant, K. C. Fanning

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of a glyphosate-tolerant (event nk603) and a corn rootworm protected (event MON863) corn hybrid on feed intake and milk production compared with the nontransgenic hybrid and two reference hybrids. In Experiment 1, 16 multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to one of four treatments in replicated 4 × 4 Latin squares with 28- d periods. Diets contained 40% (dry matter [DM] basis) of either 1) glyphosate-tolerant corn silage (GT), 2) nontransgenic control corn silage, or 3) two nontransgenic reference hybrids which are commercially available. Each diet also contained 23% corn grain from the …

Heritability Of Intramammary Infections At First Parturition And Relationships With Sire Transmitting Abilities For Somatic Cell Score, Udder Type Traits, Productive Life, And Protein Yield, D. L. Nash, G. W. Rogers, J. B. Cooper, G. L. Hargrove, Jeffrey F. Keown

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to determine the relationships among daughter intramammary infections at first parturition and sire transmitting abilities for somatic cell score, udder type traits, productive life, and protein yield. Quarter milk samples from 958 daughters (in eight Pennsylvania herds and one Nebraska herd) of 182 Holstein sires were collected within a few days of first calving and cultured to determine intramammary infection status. A total of 446 cows had intramammary infections in 835 quarters at first parturition. Incidence of intramammary infections at first parturition and the proportion of quarters infected per cow were regressed on age …

Effect Of Chronic Treatment With The Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Azagly-Nafarelin On Basal Concentrations Of Lh In Prepubertal Bulls, H. Jiménez-Severiano, M. J. D'Occhio, D. D. Lunstra, M. L. Mussard, J. W. Koch, L. R. Ehnis, W. J. Enright, J. E. Kinder

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Administration of GnRH agonist for an extended period inhibits pulsatile LH release but enhances testicular function of bulls. The mechanism whereby long-term administration of GnRH agonist enhances testosterone concentration in the blood of bulls has not been determined. The aim of this study was to determine whether chronic treatment with the GnRH agonist, azagly-nafarelin, increases blood concentrations of LH and FSH in prepubertal bulls. Two different doses of the GnRH agonist were administered via Alzet mini-osmotic pumps for 28 days. Blood samples were collected at 20 min intervals for 24 h at days 2, 13 and 25 of treatment. Agonist-treated …

The Effect Of Corn Silage Particle Size And Cottonseed Hulls On Cows In Early Lactation, P. J. Kononoff, A. J. Heinrichs

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of reducing forage particle length (FPL) and the inclusion of cottonseed hulls (CSH) on intake, digestibility, chewing activity, and milk production of cows in early lactation. Sixteen multiparous cows averaging 17 ± 3 d in milk and 677 ± 58 kg BW were assigned to one of four 4 × 4 Latin squares. One square contained ruminally cannulated cows to evaluate effects of treatment on rumen fermentation and function. During each of the 23-d periods, cows were offered one of four total mixed rations that differed in particle length (long …

The Ability Of The N-Alkane Technique To Estimate Intake And Diet Choice Of Sheep, R. M. Lewis, A. M. Magadlela, N. S. Jessop, G. C. Emmans

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

This study assessed the efficacy of the n-alkane technique to estimate intake and diet composition in animals given single foods or a choice of two. In thefirst experiment intakes of pelleted ryegrassand lucerne, given eitheralone or as a choice, were measured in lambshoused indoors in individual pens. Each of the three feeding treatments was given to 12 lambs at two degrees of maturity (0.30 and 0·45 of estimated mature sizes). The 12 lambs were constituted as three replicates of the two sexes of each of two breeds. The measured intakes werecompared with those estimated using the n-alkanes C31 andC33, found …

Chemotactic Role Of Neurotropin 3 In The Embryonic Testis That Facilitates Male Sex Determination, Andrea S. Cupp, Mehmet Uzumcu, Michael F. Skinner

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The first morphological event after initiation of male sex determination is seminiferous cord formation in the embryonic testis. Cord formation requires migration of pre-peritubular myoid cells from the adjacent mesonephros. The embryonic Sertoli cells are the first testicular cells to differentiate and have been shown to express neurotropin-3 (NT3), which can act on highaffinity trkC receptors expressed on migrating mesonephros cells. NT3 expression is elevated in the embryonic testis during the time of seminiferous cord formation. A trkC receptor tyrophostin inhibitor, AG879, was found to inhibit seminiferous cord formation and mesonephros cell migration. Beads containing NT3 were found to directly …

Megapode Newsletter 17(1)-21(2) (2003-2008), World Pheasant Association, Birdlife International, Ssc Megapode Specialist Group

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

Volume 17, Number 1 (April 2003)

Editors: René W. R. J. Dekker and Darryl N. Jones

Viable population of Bruijn's Brush-turkey Aepypodius bruijnii discovered, Iwein Mauro

A new, a forgotten and a lost specimen of Bruijn's Brush-turkey Aepypodius bruijnii, C. W. Moeliker, C. J. Heij, J. N. J. Post, and E. J. O. Kompanje

Successful synanthropy in an Australian megapode, Darryl N. Jones

Monitoring the Nicobar megapode Megapodius nicobariensis: Phase I, Current status and conservation of the Nicobar megapode Megapodius nicobariensis, K. Sivakumar

Megapode Genetics Project proposal, Gillian C. Baker

Polynesian megapode Megapodius pritchardii status survey on …

An Ecological Study Of The Spotted Salamander, Ambystoma Maculatum, And Jefferson Salamander, A. Jeffersonianum, In West Virginia, Seth J. Myers

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The movements of Spotted Salamanders, Ambystoma maculatum, and Jefferson Salamanders, A. jeffersonianum, in and out of an ephemeral wetland in West Virginia were monitored for one breeding season using a drift fence lined with funnel traps. Significant movements of A. jeffersonianum coincided with rainfall and maximum daily air temperatures reaching a minimum of 5° C. Significant movements of A. maculatum coincided with rainfall and maximum daily air temperatures of at least 10° C. A. jeffersonianum preceded A. maculatum to the breeding site. Males of both species preceded females. The mark-recapture estimate of A. maculatum is 67 males and 25 females. …

Supplementation To Meet Metabolizable Protein Requirements Of Primiparous Beef Heifers: I. Performance, Forage Intake, And Nutrient Balance, H. H. Patterson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams, Jacqueline Musgrave

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of supplementing primiparous heifers based on the metabolizable protein (MP) system during pregnancy and lactation. In Exp. 1, 12 pregnant, March-calving heifers (432 ± 10 kg) grazing Sandhills range were randomly allotted to one of two treatments: supplementation based on either the MP system (MPR) or the CP system (CPR). Supplements were fed to individual heifers from October to February and no hay was offered. Grazed forage organic matter intake (FOMI) was measured in November, January, and February. In Exp. 2, 18 heifers (424 ± 8 kg) were randomly allotted to one …

Modification Of The Penn State Forage And Total Mixed Ration Particle Separator And The Effects Of Moisture Content On Its Measurements, P. J. Kononoff, A. J. Heinrichs, D. R. Buckmaster

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The Penn State Particle Separator has led to widespread measurement of forage and total mixed ration (TMR) particle size. However, a large proportion of small particles may pass through both sieves when a TMR is analyzed, and field research has suggested that both shaking frequency and sample dry matter may affect the results. The objectives of this project were to test the effects of an additional sieve with a smaller aperture size, shaking frequency, and sample moisture content on results obtained. A sieve was constructed out of wire with a nominal size aperture of 1.18 mm. Samples of alfalfa haylage, …

Estrogen Receptor-Α Populations Change With Age In Commercial Laying Hens, K.K. Hansen, R.J. Kittok, G. Sarath, C.F. Toombs, N. Caceres, M.M. Beck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Older hens in production lay larger but fewer eggs than younger birds, and the incidence of soft and broken shells is greater in older hens than younger. These changes are attributable at least in part to changing hormone profiles and diminished ability of the hen to transport calcium at the duodenum. In further exploration of this relationship, a study was conducted with three ages of Hy-Line W-36 birds: prelay pullets (PL; 19 wk, 0% production), peak-production hens (PP; 29 wk, ∼93% production), and late-stage hens (LS; 71 wk, ∼80% production). Hens from the PP and LS groups were palpated for …

Subterranean Biodiversity Of Arkansas, Part 2: Status Update Of The Foushee Cavesnail, Amnicola Cora Hubricht, 1979 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae), G. O. Graening

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Genetic Similarity Of Shadow And Arkansas Basses (Ambloplites) Determined By Mitochondrial Dna Analysis, Ronald L. Johnson, Carrie F. Cavenaugh

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Winter Ecology Of Kokanee: Implications For Salmon Management, G. B. Steinhart, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

We sampled various limnological parameters and measured growth and diet of age-0 kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka (lacustrine sockeye salmon) during two winters in a high-mountain lake of the Sawtooth Valley, Idaho. Although winter has been recognized as an important period for many warmwater fishes and for stream-dwelling salmonids, winter limitations have only recently been studied for coolwater and coldwater species. Ice and snow cover in winter limited light penetration. As a result, chlorophyll-a and zooplankton density were lower in ice-covered periods than during ice-free periods. The weight of stomach contents was often below a maintenance ration, yet the incidence of empty …

Demographic Assessment Of The Blue Crab (Callinectes Sapidus) In Chesapeake Bay Using Extractable Lipofuscins As Age Markers, Se-Jong Ju, David H. Secor, H. Rodger Harvey

OES Faculty Publications

The blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) plays an important economic and ecological role in estuaries and coastal habitats from the Gulf of Mexico to the east coast of North America, but demographic assessments are limited by length-based methods. We applied an alternative aging method using biochemical measures of metabolic byproducts (lipofuscins) sequestered in the neural tissue of eyestalks to examine population age structure. From Chesapeake Bay, subsamples of animals collected from the 1998-99 (n-769) and 1999-2000 (n=367) winter dredge surveys were collected and lipofuscin was measured. Modal analysis of the lipofuscin index provided separation into three modes, whereas carapace-width …

Isolation And Characterisation Of A Pax Group Iii Gene From The Freshwater Crayfish Cherax Destructor: Implications For The Evolution Of Muscle Regeneration, Robert B. White

Theses : Honours

Pax genes encode transcription factors that are highly evolutionarily conserved and are vital for animal development. Vertebrate Pax group III genes Pax3 and Pax7 are required for proper development of muscular and central nervous systems. In their roles in muscular systems, Pax3 and Pax7 specify myoblasts (muscle progenitor cells). Pax3 is predominantly involved in embryonic myogenesis and specifies embryonic myoblasts. In contrast, Pax7 specifies adult myoblasts (muscle satellite cells), and has been demonstrated to be vital for adult muscle regeneration. Recent evidence also implicates a role for Pax7 in the conversion of certain stem cells to the myogenic lineage. The …

The Parasitoids Of Yponomeuta Malinellus Zeller (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) In Sivas, Lütfi̇ye Gençer

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The objective of this study was to determine parasitoids attacking the apple ermine moth (Yponomeuta malinellus Zeller) in Sivas. Ten parasitoid species belonging to hymenopteran families of Ichneumonidae, Eulophidae, Encrytidae and Elasmidae and a dipteran family Tachinidae were found. Parasitoid guilds, their effect on the population of Yponomeuta malinellus and their importance in biological control are discussed.

Behaviour And Biological Control Of Bacteriocin-Producing Leuconostocs Associated With Spoilage Of Vacuum-Packaged Sucuk, Özlem Osmanağaoğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Non-motile, Gram-positive and catalase-negative anaerobic Leuconostoc sp. were found to be involved in the spoilage of vacuum-packaged refrigerated sucuk samples. The spoilage was associated with an accumulation of large quantities of foul-smelling gas and purge in the bag and loss of colour and texture in the meat. Many of these isolates produce bacteriocins, to which the predominant Gram-positive bacteria normally found in these products are sensitive. As the leuconostocs grew at low temperatures and produced bacteriocins, they inhibited the growth of associated sensitive bacteria. Attempts to inoculate purge from spoiled samples into fresh meat, vacuum packaging and refrigeration storage facilitated …

Wolves And Humans, Steven H. Fritts, Robert O. Stephenson, Robert D. Hayes, Luigi Boitani

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

TRY TO IMAGINE a small group of wolves sitting at a table engaged in vigorous debate. These wolves are from various parts of the globe and are perhaps a bit more scholarly than most. In fact, they are especially knowledgeable about the biology of that notorious two-legged species, Homo sapiens. They have been brought together to document their relationship with humans over the last several millennia. Pause for a few moments and consider what they might say ...

Perhaps the wolves' discussion would chronicle the evils of the human species, including details of atrocities committed against lupine ancestors down …

Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, And Conservation: Photo Section I, Douglas W. Smith, Rolf Peterson, L. David Mech, Barron Crawford

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Wolves in Yellowstone National Park's restored population often must compete with grizzly bears at the carcasses of their kills. Especially after their first feeding at a kill, wolves tend to relinquish their kills to bears. Photograph by Doug Smith.

Elk are one of the most common prey of wolves in the northern Rocky Mountains of North America, primarily because in most areas they tend to outnumber other prey. This large bull standing his ground escaped this pack. Photograph by Doug Smith.

Survival Of The Western Pond Turtle (Emys Marmorata) In An Urban California Environment, Phillip Q. Spinks, Gregory B. Pauly, John J. Crayon, H. Bradley Shaffer

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The western pond turtle Emys (formerly Clemmys marmorata) is declining throughout its range, primarily due to loss of habitat via urbanization and conversion to agriculture. Urban waterways present several important challenges to freshwater turtle populations, but they also present an opportunity to maintain declining species in a ubiquitous habitat that has high public visibility. The arboretum waterway on the University of California, Davis campus is an example of an extensively altered urban habitat that supports a relatively large E. marmorata population. Over the last 6 years, we monitored the turtle population inhabiting the arboretum waterway to determine the …

Chemical Composition Of Some Components Of The Arrestment Pheromone Of The Black-Legged Tick, Ixodes Scapularis (Acari : Ixodidae) And Their Use In Tick Control, Daniel E. Sonenshine, Trevor Adams, Sandra A. Allan, John Mclaughlin, Francis X. Webster

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Chemical analysis (high-performance liquid chromatography) and bioassay demonstrated the presence of compounds that seem to be components of the Ixodes scapularis arrestment pheromone. Only two purines, guanine and xanthine, were found in acidified saline extracts made from cast skins after molting of fed nymphs, fed larvae, and fecal/excretory exudates deposited by unfed adults on substrates in their environment. The ratio of guanine to xanthine was 10.6:1 in an extract from the nymphal skins versus 0.95:1 in an extract from the larval skins. Guanine, xanthine, and traces of a third purine, tentatively identified as 8-azaguanine, were found in extracts made from …

Hydrodynamic Stability Of Swimming In Ostraciid Fishes: Role Of The Carapace In The Smooth Trunkfish Lactophrys Triqueter (Teleostei : Ostraciidae), Ian K. Bartol, Morteza Gharib, Daniel Weihs, Paul W. Webb, Jay R. Hove, Malcolm S. Gordon

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The hydrodynamic bases for the stability of locomotory motions in fishes are poorly understood, even for those fishes, such as the rigid-bodied smooth trunkfish Lactophrys triqueter, that exhibit unusually small amplitude recoil movements during rectilinear swimming. We have studied the role played by the bony carapace of the smooth trunkfish in generating trimming forces that self-correct for instabilities. The flow patterns, forces and moments on and around anatomically exact, smooth trunkfish models positioned at both pitching and yawing angles of attack were investigated using three methods: digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV), pressure distribution measurements, and force balance measurements. Models …