Digital Commons Network^™

Incorporating Local Knowledge Into Population And Habitat Viability Assessments: Landowners And Tree Kangaroos In Papua New Guinea, Philip J. Nyhus, J Williams, J Borovansky, O Byers, P Miller

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Taking The Bite Out Of Wildlife Damage: The Challenges Of Wildlife Compensation Schemes, Philip J. Nyhus, Hank Fisher, Steve Osofsky, Francine Madden

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Dangerous Animals In Captivity: Ex Situ Tiger Conflict And Implication For Private Ownership Of Exotic Animals, Philip J. Nyhus, Ronald L. Tilson, J L. Tomlinson

Faculty Scholarship

The risks associated with tiger attacks on people in the wild are well documented. There may currently be more tigers in captivity than in the wild, but relatively little is known about the risks of injury or death associated with owning and managing captive tigers and other large carnivores. The purpose of this study was to conduct a global assessment of attacks by captive tigers on people, with particular emphasis on cases in the United States. Our analysis of 30 international media sources and additional documents uncovered 59 unique incidents in 1998-2001 in which people were reportedly injured or killed …

Age And Growth Estimates Of The Winter Skate (Leucoraja Ocellata) In The Western Gulf Of Maine, James A. Sulikowski, Michael D. Morin, Seung H. Suk, William Huntting Howell

Biological Sciences

The northwest Atlantic population of thorny skates (Amblyraja radiata) inhabits an area that ranges from Greenland and Hudson Bay, Canada, to South Carolina. Despite such a wide range, very little is known about most aspects of the biology of this species. Recent stock assessment studies in the northeast United States indicate that the biomass of the thorny skate is below the threshold levels mandated by the Sustainable Fisheries Act. In order to gain insight into the life history of this skate, we estimated age and growth for thorny skates, using vertebral band counts from 224 individuals ranging in size from …

Abiotic Factors Influencing The Breeding, Movement, And Foraging Of The Eastern Spadefoot (Scaphiopus Holbrookii) In West Virginia, Keith A. Johnson

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Haphazard searches and telemetry methods were used to track movements and habitat use of two recently discovered and only known populations of Scaphiopus holbrookii in West Virginia. It was the purpose of this study to determine the home range and habitat use of S. holbrookii. Toads were found to forage a mean distance of 13.5 in. (34.5 cm) from their burrows. Habitat consisted of open areas with soil textures of sandy loam, loamy sand, or sand. Radio- transmitters were surgically implanted in two specimens from one breeding site to provide data about habitat use and emergence. Data loggers were installed …

A New Distributional Checklist Of Minnesota Fishes, With Comments On Historical Occurrence, Jay T. Hatch, Konrad P. Schmidt, Dann P. Siems, James C. Underhill, Robert A. Bellig, Richard A. Baker

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Historical documents, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources stream surveys, and the 66,000 record distributional database of the James Ford Bell Museum of Natural History (1879-2002) were used to produce a field-usable checklist of the 160 fish species known from Minnesota waters and waters shared with its boundary states and Canadian provinces. The checklist includes distribution by eight major drainages, the conservation status for each species, and reference to nomenclatural changes over the past 20 years. Fishes are arranged according to the latest interpretations of phylogenetic relationships among species and supraspecific taxa. New distributional information is presented for six species introduced …

An Ecosystem-Based Approach To Management: Using Individual Behaviour To Predict The Indirect Effects Of Antarctic Krill Fisheries On Penguin Foraging, Suzanne H. Alonzo, Paul Switzer, Marc Mangel

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Summary 1. Changes in species' abundance and distributions caused by human disturbances can have indirect effects on other species in a community. Although ecosystem approaches to management are becoming increasingly prevalent, they require a fuller understand- ing of how individual behaviour determines interactions within and between species. 2. Ecological interactions involving krill are of major importance to many species within the Antarctic. Despite extensive knowledge of the ecosystem that they occupy, there is still incomplete understanding of the links between species and the effect of environmental conditions on these interactions. In this study, we extended a behavioural model used previously …

Restoration Of The Red Wolf, Michael K. Phillips, V. Gary Henry, Brian T. Kelly

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

"WOLFERS" IN NORTHEASTERN North Carolina were busy on February 5, 1768. Records from the Tyrrell County courthouse read:

Giles Long and Thomas Wilkinson awarded one pound for a certified wolf scalp; Jeremiah Norman awarded two pounds for certified wolf and wild-cat scalps; Davenport Smithwick awarded one pound for a certified wolf-scalp.

Such was the nature of the war on the wolf: people killed them for money. The belief of the time held that the war was necessary because it was humankind's manifest destiny to tame the wilderness. And for the wilderness to be tame, the wolf had to be exterminated. …

Wolf-Prey Relations, L. David Mech, Rolf O. Peterson

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

AS 1 (L. o. MECH) watched from a small ski plane while fifteen wolves surrounded a moose on snowy Isle Royale, I had no idea this encounter would typify observations I would make during 40 more years of studying wolf-prey interactions.

My usual routine while observing wolves hunting was to have my pilot keep circling broadly over the scene so I could watch the wolves' attacks without disturbing any of the animals. Only this time there was no attack. The moose held the wolves at bay for about 5 minutes (fig. p), and then the pack left.

From this observation …

Annual Review Of The World Pheasant Association 2002/2003, World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Reports and Other Materials

Chairman of Trustees' report, Dick Potts

Treasurer's report and accounts, Ian Hoggarth

Conservation activities in 2002/2003 (including South Asia Office), Philip J. K. McGowan and Rahul Kaul

WPA around the world: Highlights from the chapters

Cracid Specialist Group report, Daniel M. Brooks

Grouse Specialist Group report, Ilse Storch

Megapode Specialist Group report, René Dekker

Partridge, Quail and Francolin Specialist Group report, John P. Carroll

Pheasant Specialist Group report, Peter J. Garson

Galliformes in captivity: Results of the United Kingdom Galliformes Census 2002, Gary Robbins and John Corder

Cracids in coastal Alagoas State, northeastern Brazil, Luís Fábio Silveira and Fábio Olmos …

Ecological Games In Space And Time: The Distribution And Abundance Of Antarctic Krill And Penguins, Suzanne Alonzo, Paul Switzer, Marc Mangel

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

The distribution and abundance of organisms are affected by behaviors, such as habitat selection, foraging, and reproduction. These behaviors are driven by interactions within and between species, environmental conditions, and the biology of the species in-volved. Although extensive theoretical work has explored predator–prey dynamics, these models have not considered the impact of behavioral plasticity and life-history trade-offs on predicted patterns. We apply a modeling method that allows the consideration of a spatial, dynamic ecological game between predators and prey using a life-history perspec-tive. As an illustrative example, we model the habitat selection of Antarctic krill and penguins during the time …

Breeding Season Avifauna Of Prairie Dog Colonies And Non-Colonized Areas In Shortgrass Prairie, Stephen L. Winter, Jack Cully Jr., Jeffrey Pontius

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Avian assemblages of black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies were compared to those present at two types of non-colonized grassland, during the breeding season, in southwestern Kansas and southeastern Colorado. Relative abundances were quantified in 1996 during a period of drought and in 1997 during a period of above average precipitation. We detected fewer bird species at all sites in 1996 than in 1997, and the total number of bird species detected on prairie dog colonies was lower than that detected on both types of non-colonized areas during both years. Homed larks (Eremophila alpestris) had higher …

2003 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Beef Report, 2003

This is the 2003 South Dakota Beef Report. The articles published in this report summarize many of the beef cattle research activities conducted at South Dakota State University during 2003. The articles in this report have many levels of application. Some information has immediate application for your farm, ranch, or agribusiness. The articles include information on nutrition, feed management, reproductive management, health, growth and development, and economics of the cattle and beef industry in South Dakota.

Recommended Strategies For Odor Control In Confinement Beef Cattle Operations, Kent Tjardes, Alvaro Garcia, Hans Stein, Charles Ullery, Stephen Pohl, Christopher Schmit

SDSU Extension Special Series

Odors coming off a beef feeding operation are generated from three different sources: the feedlot facility, waste storage, and the land where the manure is applied. In some operations, the feedlot facility may also serve as the primary waste storage area. To reduce the total amount of odor generated from a beef feeding operation, odor generation and emission by each of these three sources needs to be reduced.

Monitoring Spores And Spore-Forming Bacteria Populations In Commercial Skim Milk Powder Production Plants Using Conventional And Molecular Methods, C. Murillo, Chris Kitts, Rafael Jiménez-Flores

Dairy Science

Abstract of paper presented at the 2003 Joint Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association & the American Society of Animal Science.

Development Of Endospore-Specific Primers For The Analysis Of Microbial Populations In Milk Powder, M. M. Arendts, Chris Kitts, Rafael Jiménez-Flores

Dairy Science

Abstract of paper presented at the 2003 Joint Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association & the American Society of Animal Science.

Accelerated Hatching Of Southern Leopard Frog (Rana Sphenocephala) Eggs In Response To The Presence Of A Crayfish (Procambarus Nigrocinctus) Predator, Daniel Saenz, James B. Johnson, Cory K. Adams, Gage H. Dayton

Faculty Publications

Phenotypic plasticity, such as morphological and behavioral changes in response to predators, is common in larval anurans. Less is known about inducible defenses in the embryonic stages of development. We investigated the predation risk imposed by crayfish (Procambarus nigrocinctus) on southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) eggs aud whether crayfish presence induces a change in the timing of hatching of R. sphenocephala eggs. We found that crayfish significantly reduce the hatching success of R. sphenocephala eggs by eating them and that eggs hatch significantly faster in the presence of crayfish than when crayfish are not present. We …

The Influence Of Predator Threat On The Timing Of A Life-History Switch Point: Predator-Induced Hatching In The Southern Leopard Frog (Rana Sphenocephala), James B. Johnson, Daniel Saenz, Cory K. Adams, Richard N. Conner

Faculty Publications

We tested the hypotheses that potential egg predators, crayfish Procambarus nigrocinctus and dytiscid Cybister sp. larvae, would accelerate the timing of hatching and that a larval predator, dragonfly naiad Anax junius, would delay hatching in the southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala). We also tested the hypothesis that differences in response would be proportional to predator lethality. Our results indicate that our hypotheses were partially supported. The presence of an efficient egg predator (crayfish) induces hatching faster than a less efficient predator (dytiscid larvae). However, the presence of a larval predator (naiads) did not delay hatching. Eggs that …

Ecological Games In Space And Time: The Distribution And Abundance Of Antarctic Krill And Penguins, Suzanne H. Alonzo, Paul V. Switzer, Marc Mangel

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

The distribution and abundance of organisms are affected by behaviors, such as habitat selection, foraging, and reproduction. These behaviors are driven by interactions within and between species, environmental conditions, and the biology of the species in-volved. Although extensive theoretical work has explored predator–prey dynamics, these models have not considered the impact of behavioral plasticity and life-history trade-offs on predicted patterns. We apply a modeling method that allows the consideration of a spatial, dynamic ecological game between predators and prey using a life-history perspec-tive. As an illustrative example, we model the habitat selection of Antarctic krill and penguins during the time …

An Ecosystem-Based Approach To Management: Using Individual Behaviour To Predict The Indirect Effects Of Antarctic Krill Fisheries On Penguin Foraging, Suzanne Alonzo, Paul Switzer, Marc Mangel

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Summary 1. Changes in species' abundance and distributions caused by human disturbances can have indirect effects on other species in a community. Although ecosystem approaches to management are becoming increasingly prevalent, they require a fuller understand- ing of how individual behaviour determines interactions within and between species. 2. Ecological interactions involving krill are of major importance to many species within the Antarctic. Despite extensive knowledge of the ecosystem that they occupy, there is still incomplete understanding of the links between species and the effect of environmental conditions on these interactions. In this study, we extended a behavioural model used previously …

Farm Disease Crises In The United Kingdom: Lessons To Be Learned, Michael C. Appleby

State of the Animals 2003

Over the last fifteen years, a diverse succession of disease-related crises has befallen farm animal and food industries in the United Kingdom. Some have involved animal health, with little risk to humans. Some have involved human health, with animals acting as a reservoir for infection but little affected themselves. Some, however— including the most alarming— have involved both animal and human health through zoonoses, diseases transmittable from animal to human. All of these crises are linked in the public mind and in many commentaries, and indeed there are issues that many of them share. The most common of these is …

Gyratrix Hermaphroditus: A State Record For Arkansas, Jane Dunn

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Dairy Digest 2003, South Dakota State University Dairy Club

Dairy Digest

No abstract provided.

Morphology Of The Spores Of Myxosoma Cerebralis (Hofer, 1903) And M. Cartilaginis (Hoffman, Putz, And Dunbar, 1965)*, Glenn L. Hoffman, Jiří Lom

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The spore of Myxosoma cerebralis is redescribed and compared with that of a close relative, M. cartilaginis. M. cerebralis is smaller, with greater variability in size and shape. It possesses a mucous envelope whereas M. cartilaginis does not. The surface architecture of M. cerebralis, as seen with the scanning electron microscope, differs in possessing a conspicuous circumsutural groove, prominent polar filament pores, and a mucous envelope.

Feasibility Study On Nonnative Fish Removal In The Lower Little Colorado River, Pam Sponholtz

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

This section provides insight into the relationship between the proposed action and the Adaptive Management Program goals and objectives, Recovery Goals for the humpback chub, and the Biological Opinion RPAs on Glen Canyon Dam operations.

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Economic Potential Of Methane Recovery: Projected Impacts Of Various Public-Policy Scenarios, Richard R. Stowell, Christopher G. Henry

Nebraska Swine Reports

Economic analyses were performed on anaerobic digestion of manure from swine finishing operations. The main factors considered were facility size (1,000 head; 3,500 head; and 10,000 head) and method of financial support provided (cost-share program, no-interest loans, tax subsidies, and subsidized electrical sales). Installation of a digester system is a significant investment that is currently very difficult to justify economically to Nebraska producers based upon consideration of currently available income and expense estimates, regardless of facility size. Swine finishing operations looking to invest in this technology would benefit most from a no-interest loan or cost-share program – policies that relate …

Omega-3 Fatty Acids And Swine Reproduction - A Review, Duane Reese

Nebraska Swine Reports

A literature review was conducted to examine the role dietary omega-3 fatty acids may play in swine reproduction. Omega-3 fatty acids are not normally present to any great extent in practical swine diets, but they are increasingly important in human and pet health. Swine nutritionists have focused primarily on the effect omega-3 fatty acids may have on littler size, piglet preweaning mortality, and boar fertility. Feeding omega-3 fatty acids to sows has not generally improved litter size. Piglet preweaning mortality may be improved by omega-3 fatty acid supplementation provided sows are allowed to farrow naturally (without induction). Boar fertility seems …

Animal Science Alumni Newsletter, Winter 2003

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Contents:

Tribute to R. B. “Dick” Warren, A Study in True Grit
From the Department Head’s Desk
Department of Animal Science Loses a Good Friend
Klopfenstein Fund to Benefit Animal Science Students
Faculty Retirement
Awards
Block and Bridle Convention
Block and Bridle Kids Day
Block and Bridle Steak Fry
Spring 2004 Block and Bridle Calendar
Ambassador Activities
Animal Science Overnight Recruits New Students
Recent Department Awards and Recognitions
Judging Team Activities
Academic Quadrathlon
Deaths
E. coli Research
Nebraska Beef Youth Leadership Symposium Planned
Woman Combines Ag Passion and Writing
Husker Hire Link
Study Tour to Denmark
New Study Abroad Program …

Animal Science Alumni Newsletter, Winter 2003

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Contents:L

Tribute to R. B. “Dick” Warren, A Study in True Grit
From the Department Head’s Desk
Department of Animal Science Loses a Good Friend
Klopfenstein Fund to Benefit Animal Science Students
Faculty Retirement
Awards
Block and Bridle Convention
Block and Bridle Kids Day
Block and Bridle Steak Fry
Spring 2004 Block and Bridle Calendar
Ambassador Activities
Animal Science Overnight Recruits New Students
Recent Department Awards and Recognitions
Judging Team Activities
Academic Quadrathlon
Deaths
E. coli Research
Nebraska Beef Youth Leadership Symposium Planned
Woman Combines Ag Passion and Writing
Husker Hire Link
Study Tour to Denmark
New Study Abroad Program …