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Evaluation Of Internal Markers For Predicting Digestibility And Fecal Output By Cattle Fed Bermudagrass Hays Of Varying Quality, Juvenal Kanani

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The potential of in situ rumen undegradable dry matter (RUDM), indigestible neutral-detergent fiber (INDF), indigestible acid-detergent fiber (IADF), acid-detergent insoluble ash (ADIA), alkaline-peroxide lignin (APL), and acid-detergent lignin (ADL) to predict digestibility (DMD) and fecal output (FO) by cattle fed bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] hay-diets categorized by their low (L), medium low (ML), medium high (MH), or high (H) CP concentrations (79, 111, 131, and 164 g/kg DM, respectively) was evaluated. The second objective was to evaluate the effects of time (0600, 1200, 1800, and 2400 h) of fecal sampling on the prediction of FO and DMD. A replicated …

Determination Of Methionine And Lysine Requirements Of Growing Broilers Using The Ideal Protein Concept, Changji Lu

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the responses of broiler performance to Lysine (Lys) and Methionine (Met) during the starter, grower, and finisher feeding phases. All the experimental diets were formulated based on the Ideal Protein Concept.

Experiment 1 evaluated the responses to Lys and Met on live performance of young broiler chickens from 0 to 18 d of age. The mean amino acid ratios to Lys suggested by literature values were used in the formulation based on the Ideal Protein Concept. Six levels of Lys and eight levels of supplemental Met were used in the diets resulting in a …

Expression And Distribution Of Thiol-Regulating Enzyme, Glutaredoxin 2 In Porcine Ocular Tissues, Bijaya Prasad Upadhyaya

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2), a thiol-regulating enzyme of oxidoreductase family and a mitochondrial isozyme of glutaredoxin 1, was discovered 11 years ago in our laboratory. Grx2 is present in the lens where it shows dethiolase, peroxidase, and ascorbate recycling activities. Recently, Grx2 has also been identified to protect the mitochondrial electron transport system with anti-apoptotic function. Since other eye tissues besides the lens are rich in mitochondria and are very sensitive to oxidative stress, we speculate the presence of Grx2 therein as an important redox regulator. This study is to investigate the expression and distribution of Grx2 in ocular tissues using …

Nutritional Content Of Rhinoceros Auklet (Cerorhinca Monocerata) Bill Loads, Dustin Taylor, Ron Heintz

STAR Program Research Presentations

Nutritional Content of Rhinoceros Auklet Bill Loads

Dustin E Taylor

Abstract

An adult Rhinoceros Auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata) can only catch and carry a limited amount of prey to their nestlings after a foraging trip. The auklets therefore must maximize their efficiency by bringing back the most proportionally nutritious prey items to their nestlings. The prey carried back to the nesting sites (known as a ‘bill load’) can contain whole fish, as well as parts, most commonly fish heads. This study is aimed to determine whether returning with just heads to the nestlings was proportionally more nutritious than bringing …

Effects Of Pristane On Growth Of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha), Brielle D. Kemis, Bonita Nelson

STAR Program Research Presentations

Pristane is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon that is generated by copepods in marine ecosystems. Organisms that eat copepods do not readily metabolize pristane, which causes it to accumulate throughout the marine food web. Understanding how pristane affects marine fish is essential because pristane is often used as a bioindicator in lab studies and may be influencing results in those studies. Also, this hydrocarbon may significantly reduce growth of marine fish in the wild. A previous study indicated that pristane is an appetite suppressant and growth retardant in fish. However, the study implemented a feeding regime with unnaturally high levels of …

Annual Review Of The World Pheasant Association, 2011/2012, World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Reports and Other Materials

Chairman of Trustees' report, Richard Carden

Obituary: Reinhard Kruger (1938?-June 14, 2012)

Treasurer's report for the year ended April 30, 2012, Jon Riley

Achieving our charitable objectives, Philip J. K. McGowan

Galliformes Specialist Group, Peter J. Garson and Ilse Storch

Conserving Djibouti's priority land animals, Philip J.K. McGowan

Assessing the future of species on the brink, Matt Grainger

Myanmar workshop, Philip J. K. McGowan

What is the status of peafowl in Vietnam? Tommaso Savini, Vy Nguyen, and Niti Sukumal

Highlights from the European Conservation Breeding Group, Ludo Pinceel

Pipar project

Characterization Of The Involvement Of Integrins, Focal Adhesion Kinase, And Phospholipase C Enzymes Endogenous To The Oocyte In Bovine Fertilization And Oocyte Activation, Benjamin Rand Sessions

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Center for Integrated Biosystems (CIB) and Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences (ADVS) Department at Utah State University propose a multi-year molecular study of cattle gamete interactions to improve our basic understanding of fertilization. The CIB and ADVS will utilize existing collaborations in addition to recruiting state and federal funding sources to complete the extensive project.

Various laboratory techniques will be used to discover the molecular players of fertilization in hopes of shedding light on a variety of human infertility issues due to problems at the gamete level. A more complete understanding of fertilization could also lead to the development …

Responses To Predator Recognition Odors In Marmorkrebs, Loren Samantha Beard

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

Marmorkrebs is a parthenogenetic crayfish with no indigenous populations. They have been introduced in several countries and could become an invasive species. Individuals introduced in Germany had longer, sharper spines, suggesting an adaptation to predators via developmental plasticity. This was tested by exposing juveniles to the odor of a fish during development and comparing them to controls. Subsequent spine length or sharpness did not differ. Other crayfish detect predators via an alarm cue, hemolymph, and exhibit avoidant behavior in response. I hypothesized that Marmorkrebs would also treat hemolymph as an alarm cue. The behavior of adult crayfish exposed to food, …

Cell Bioenergetics In Leghorn Male Hepatoma Cells And Immortalized Chicken Liver Cells In Response To 4-Hydroxynonenal Induced Oxidative Stress, Alissa Laura Piekarski

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Bioenergetic mechanisms responsible for ATP production are essential in carrying out maintenance and cell-specific functions. In this study, hepatocytes (liver cells) were used to test both endogenous and exogenous stress on cellular respiration. The secondary lipid peroxide, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), was used because it alters bioenergetics by increasing mitochondrial proton leak that attenuates mitochondrial radical production and, therefore, endogenous oxidative stress. The major objective of this study was to demonstrate effects of HNE-induced oxidative stress on avian hepatocyte bioenergetics. Various chemical which help enable the determination of oxygen (O2) consumption linked to ATP synthesis (oligomycin), maximal O2 consumption (FCCP), and proton …

Characterization And Consumer Acceptance Of White Striping In Broiler Breast Fillets, Vivek Ayamchirakkunnel Kuttappan

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

White striping is an emerging issue in the broiler meat industry which causes concerns among the producers. The condition is characterized by the occurrence of white striations, parallel to the direction of muscle fibers, mainly in broiler breast fillets and thighs. Fillets can be categorized as NORM (normal or no striping), MOD (moderate) and SEV (severe) depending on the degree of white striping. As a result of few previous research studies on the condition, there is no information available on the impact of white striping on the consumer acceptance and various meat quality attributes. Our hypothesis was that the occurrence …

The Breeding Biology Of The Northern Pygmy Owl: Do The Smallest Of The Small Have An Advantage?, John F. Deshler, Michael T. Murphy

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

We explored the breeding biology of the Northern Pygmy-Owl (Glaucidium gnoma) from 2007 to 2009 in a forested reserve in Portland, Oregon. Large body size is often assumed to give animals reproductive advantages, and we tested whether body size affected timing of breeding and examined variation in diet, breeding date, clutch size, and reproductive success to explore whether the presumed benefits of large body size are evident in this species. The average size of 13 clutches was 5.8, and nest success was high (92%); 22 successful nests fledged an average of 5.2 young. Dates of first laying varied …

The Impact Of Selected Forage Legumes On Cattle Performance, Forage Production, And Soil Quality, And Evaluation Of Legume Persistence Under Grazing, Bradley Edward Briggs

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Interest in substituting legumes for N fertilizer in beef cattle grazing systems has recently increased with rising fertilizer prices. Legumes are well known for their ability to fix atmospheric N and decrease dependence on input of N fertilizer. However, there are still difficulties associated with legume utilization including establishment and persistence. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate legume performance under herbivory. The objective of Experiment 1 was to compare forage production and beef cattle gains from annual ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum (L.)] and bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pastures fertilized with N or overseeded with legumes. Gelbvieh × Angus …

Bait Effects In Sampling Coral Reef Fish Assemblages With Stereo-Bruvs, Stacey R. Dorman, Euan S. Harvey, Stephen J. Newman

Fisheries Research Articles

Baited underwater video techniques are increasingly being utilised for assessing and monitoring demersal fishes because they are: 1) non extractive, 2) can be used to sample across multiple habitats and depths, 3) are cost effective, 4) sample a broader range of species than many other techniques, 5) and with greater statistical power. However, an examination of the literature demonstrates that a range of different bait types are being used. The use of different types of bait can create an additional source of variability in sampling programs. Coral reef fish assemblages at the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia, were sampled using …

Hepatic Mitochondrial Efficiency In Lines Of Mice Differing In Feed Intake, Thomas Murphy

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Selection was practiced for high (MH) and low (ML) heat loss using direct calorimetry to create lines of mice differing in feed intake per unit BW (FI/BW). Selection occurred for both criteria in each of 3 replications (R); an unselected control (MC) was also maintained in each replicate. A total of 25 generations of selection was practiced; the 9 lines are presently maintained without selection. As a percentage of MC, mice of MH and ML lines differed in heat loss and FI/BW by 56 and 34%, respectively, when selection ceased. The 218 male mice measured in the present study came …

Genetic Structure And Mating System Of Wild Cowpea Populations In West Africa, Eric B. Kouam, Remy S. Pasquet, Pascal Campagne, Jean Baptiste Tignegre, Kevin Thoen, Remi Gaudin, Jeremy T. Ouedraogo, Abdulai B. Salifu, Geoffrey M. Muluvi, Paul Gepts

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Background: Cowpea is a highly inbred crop. It is part of a crop-weed complex, whose origin and dynamics is unknown, which is distributed across the African continent. This study examined outcrossing rates and genetic structures in 35 wild cowpea (Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata var. spontanea) populations from West Africa, using 21 isozyme loci, 9 of them showing polymorphism.Results: Outcrossing rates ranged from 1% to 9.5% (mean 3.4%), which classifies the wild cowpea breeding system as primarily selfing, though rare outcrossing events were detected in each population studied. Furthermore, the analyses of both the genetic structure of populations and the relationships …

News Of The Department Of Animal Science, Department Of Animal Science

Animal Science Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Chronic Ethanol Exposure Causes Disinhibited Behavior In Drosophila, Estrella Padilla, Kyung-An Han

COURI Symposium Abstracts, Summer 2012

Ethanol consumption is frequently associated with disinhibited sexual and locomotor behaviors in humans. Dopamine, a major monoamine found in vertebrates and invertebrates, is implicated in these processes since it regulates motivation, reward, motor control, and sexual behaviors. The goal of this study is to elucidate the role of dopamine in ethanol-associated behavioral disinhibition using the genetically tractable model system Drosophila melanogaster. Previous studies have shown a requirement for normal dopamine neurotransmission for ethanol-induced courtship disinhibition. Furthermore, genetic manipulation of the dopamine system revealed that D1 receptor activity is important for disinhibition and D2 for sensitization. The current study focuses …

Plant Establishment And Soil Microenvironments In Utah Juniper Masticated Woodlands, Kert R. Young

Theses and Dissertations

Juniper (Juniperus spp.) encroachment into sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) and bunchgrass communities has reduced understory plant cover and allowed juniper trees to dominate millions of hectares of semiarid rangelands. Trees are mechanically masticated or shredded to decrease wildfire potential and increase desirable understory plant cover. When trees are masticated after a major increase in tree population density and associated decrease in perennial understory cover, there is a risk that invasive annual grasses will dominate because they are highly responsive to the increased resource availability that commonly follows removal of the main resource user. To determine if tree mastication increases …

It Pays To Cheat: Tactical Deception In A Cephalopod Social Signalling System, Culum Brown, Martin P. Garwood, Jane E. Williamson

Communication Skills Collection

Signals in intraspecific communication should be inherently honest; otherwise the system is prone to collapse. Theory predicts, however, that honest signalling systems are susceptible to invasion by cheats, the extent of which is largely mediated by fear of reprisal. Cuttlefish facultatively change their shape and colour, an ability that evolved to avoid predators and capture prey. Here, we show that this ability is tactically employed by male mourning cuttlefish (Sepia plangon) to mislead conspecifics during courtship in a specific social context amenable to cheating 39 per cent of the time, while it was never employed in other social contexts. Males …

Estimating The Potential Impacts Of Large Mesopredators On Benthic Resources: Integrative Assessment Of Spotted Eagle Ray Foraging Ecology In Bermuda, Matthew J. Ajemian, Sean P. Powers, Thaddeus J. T. Murdoch

University Faculty and Staff Publications

Declines of large sharks and subsequent release of elasmobranch mesopredators (smaller sharks and rays) may pose problems for marine fisheries management as some mesopredators consume exploitable shellfish species. The spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari) is the most abundant inshore elasmobranch in subtropical Bermuda, but its predatory role remains unexamined despite suspected abundance increases and its hypothesized specialization for mollusks. We utilized a combination of acoustic telemetry, benthic invertebrate sampling, gut content analysis and manipulative experiments to assess the impact of spotted eagle rays on Bermudian shellfish resources. Residency and distribution of adult spotted eagle rays was monitored over …

National Application Of Sustainability Indicators For Australian Fisheries Part 2: Ecosystem Based Frameworks For Aquaculture, Multi-Fishery And International Applications Frdc Report – Project 2000/145, Warrick J. Fletcher

Fisheries Research Reports

Objectives: 1. Develop initial ESD reporting framework for the Aquaculture Sector 2. Initiate development of an ESD Framework for Cross Fishery and Marine Planning issues 3. Further refine and promote the international adoption of the concepts developed by the ESD national framework for wild capture fisheries

Draft Management Plan For The West Coast Rock Lobster Managed Fishery., Department Of Fisheries Western Australia

Fisheries Management Papers

West Coast Rock Lobster Managed Fishery licensees target the western rock lobster, Panulirus Cygnus using baited pots (traps) on the west coast of Western Australia (WA). The fishery, which has long been one of the most valuable single species fisheries in Australia, extends from North West Cape to Cape Leeuwin in the south, with the main fishing occurring between Shark Bay and Perth.

In response to a series of poor puerulus settlements commencing in 2009, a suite of management changes have been introduced to significantly reduce catch levels to appropriately deal with the expected low levels of recruitment entering the …

Biology And Stock Status Of Inshore Demersal Scalefish Indicator Species In The Gascoyne Coast Bioregion, Ross Marriott, Gary Jackson, Rodney Cj Lenanton, Carli Telfer, Eva Lai, Peter Stephenson, David Adams, Jeffrey Norriss

Fisheries Research Reports

(114°50'E), includes the iconic Shark Bay and Ningaloo World Heritage areas plus the regional centre of Carnarvon and coastal towns of Denham, Coral Bay and Exmouth. The Gascoyne Bioregion is a transition zone between tropical and temperate waters and supports a diverse range of commercial invertebrate and scalefish fisheries and provides a large variety of recreational fishing opportunities. This report investigates the stock status of the inshore demersal scalefish “suite” of species for the Gascoyne region. These bottom dwelling fish are primarily taken by line fishing in waters of 20-250 m depth by both the commercial and recreational sectors.

Western Rock Lobster Ecology – The State Of Knowledge - Marine Stewardship Council - Principle 2: Maintenance Of Ecosystem, Lynda M. Bellchambers, P Mantel, Arani Chandrapavan, Matthew B. Pember, Scott Evans

Fisheries Research Reports

The commercial fishery is managed in three zones: south of latitude 30°S (Zone C), north of latitude 30°S (Zone B) and a third offshore zone (Zone A) around the Abrolhos Islands (Figure 1.3). Effort is evenly split between the southern and northern zones through the implementation of management controls aimed at addressing zone-specific issues. These issues include different maximum size restrictions and seasonal opening and closing dates. This report focuses on the state of the western rock lobster ecology at the date of publication.

Review Of Report On The “Biology And Stock Status Of Demersal Scalefish Indicator Species In The Gascoyne Coast Bioregion", Department Of Fisheries

Fisheries Occasional Publications

No abstract provided.

Life Cycle Boundaries And Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Beef Cattle, Quentin M. Dudley

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Beef cattle are estimated to directly contribute 26% of U.S. agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and future climate change policy may target reducing these emissions. Life cycle assessment (LCA) of GHG emissions from U.S. feedlot beef cattle was conducted to compare methods of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) with a more complete evaluation of emissions. The inclusion of emissions from crop production for feed, associated land use change, and other minor factors nearly doubled GHG emissions associated with beef feedlots from the EPA Annual Inventory estimate of 1611 kgCO₂e hd^-1 yr^-1 to 3182 ± 167 …

A Century And A Half Of Research On The Stable Fly, Stomoxys Calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), 1862-2011: An Annotated Bibliography, K. M. Kneeland, Steven R. Skoda, Jerome A. Hogsette, A. Y. Li, Jaime Molina-Ochoa, Kimberly Hutchinson Lohmeyer, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, is a cosmopolitan pest of livestock, wild animals, pets, and humans. It is a primary pest of cattle in the United States, estimated to cause more than $1 billion in economic losses annually. It also causes dissension at the rural-urban interface and is a problem in recreation areas such as Florida beaches and the Great Lakes. Due to its pestiferous nature and painful bite, methods to control stable flies have been investigated for over a century. A large amount of research has been reported on stable fly biology, ecology, genetics, physiology, and vector competence. …

Survival Of White-Tailed Deer Fawns In The Grasslands Of The Northern Great Plains, Troy W. Grovenburg, Robert W. Klaver, Jonathan A. Jenks

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Environmental factors, such as forest characteristics, have been linked to fawn survival in eastern and southern white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) populations. In the Great Plains, less is known about how intrinsic and habitat factors influence fawn survival. During 2007-2009, we captured and radiocollared 81 fawns in north-central South Dakota and recorded 23 mortalities, of which 18 died before 1 September. Predation accounted for 52.2% of mortality; remaining mortality included human (hunting, vehicle, and farm accident; 26.1%) and hypothermia (21.7%). Coyotes (Canis latrans) accounted for 83.3% of predation on fawns. We used known-fate analysis in Program MARK to estimate summer …

Experimental Evidence For The Interplay Of Exogenous And Endogenous Factors On The Movement Ecology Of A Migrating Songbird, Emily B. Cohen, Frank R. Moore, Richard A. Fischer

Faculty Publications

Movement patterns during songbird migration remain poorly understood despite their expected fitness consequences in terms of survival, energetic condition and timing of migration that will carry over to subsequent phases of the annual cycle. We took an experimental approach to test hypotheses regarding the influence of habitat, energetic condition, time of season and sex on the hour-by-hour, local movement decisions of a songbird during spring stopover. To simulate arrival of nocturnal migrants at unfamiliar stopover sites, we translocated and continuously tracked migratory red-eyed vireos (Vireo olivaceus) throughout spring stopover with and without energetic reserves that were released in two replicates …

Growing South Dakota (Summer 2012), College Of Agriculture &. Biological Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

[Page] 2 150 Years and Counting: 2012 Marks a Significant Milestone for Land-Grant Universities [Page] 4 Summer College News
[Page] 6 Ready, Set, Grow: Gardening Programs Offer bevy of Benefits to Community
[Page] 8 SDSU Extension Staff Directory: Pull Out and Save for Future Reference
[Page] 13 Bugs Beware!: SDSU Assembles Talented Team of Entomologists
[Page] 14 High-Tech Teaching: Curriculums Now Integrate iPads, Social Media & Peer Mentoring
[Page] 16 A Lesson in Chinese: SDSU Contingent Experiences World's Largest Marketplace
[Page] 18 Here and There
[Page] 20 Adapting with Apps: Technological Advancements Offer Opportunities for Farming's Future
[Page] 21 A …