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Comparison Of Growth And Reproduction Of Mirror Carp And Scaled Carp Introduced Into Gelingüllü Reservoir, Yozgat, Turkey, Şeri̇fe Gülsün Kirankaya, Fitnat Güler Ekmekçi̇

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Carp have been translocated and introduced outside of their natural range in many countries. In Turkey, mirror carp (a warm-water fish) has generally been introduced into man-made reservoirs for fishery management, regardless of geographic location and climatic conditions. During the previous decade, controversy has arisen concerning the adaptation and spawning of carp, and the success of such introduction practices in Central Anatolia, which is characterized by typical cold continental weather conditions. Concurrently, based on some irregular observations, scaled carp was reintroduced as an alternative to mirror carp. Long-term monitoring studies on the growth and reproduction of mirror carp and scaled …

Comparison Of The Antioxidant System Response To Melatonin Implant In Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes Procyonoides) And Silver Fox (Vulpes Vulpes), Svetlana Sergina, Irina Baishnikova, Viktor Ilyukha, Marcin Lis, Stanislaw Lapinski, Piotr Niedbala, Boguslaw Barabasz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this work was to investigate whether melatonin implant may modify the response of the antioxidant systems of raccoon dog and silver fox. Animals of each species were divided into 2 equal groups: implanted with 12 mg of melatonin in late June and not implanted (control). During the standard fur production process in late November, samples of tissues (liver, kidney, spleen, and heart) were collected and specific activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and the contents of reduced glutathione (GSH), retinol, α-tocopherol (TCP), and total tissue protein, were determined in tissue samples. Activity of antioxidant enzymes …

Impact Of The Haberlea Rhodopensis Extract On The Innate Immune System And Response In Rabbits Following Klh-Hemocyanin Immunization And Cyclophosphamide Treatment, Svetlana Georgieva, Lilian Sotirov, Borislav Popov, Tsvetoslav Koynarski

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the present investigation was to study the impact of Haberlea rhodopensis extract on the innate immune response in rabbits. The complement and lysozyme activity, percent phagocytosis, and phagocytic index were studied. The analysis of the results showed that the treatment with Haberlea rhodopensis extract, cyclophosphamide, and KLH renders a remittent effect upon the classical pathway of activation of the complement system and the lysozyme concentration in the rabbit blood serum. These same factors have no direct effect on the phagocytic activity in the investigated animals. The obtained data show limited effect of Haberlea rhodopensis extract on rabbits’ …

Content And Apparent Ileal Digestibility Of Protein And Amino Acids In Diets Fed To Parent Stock Of Farm-Raised Polar Foxes (Alopex Lagopus L.), Katarzyna Burlikowska, Roman Szymeczko, Anna Piotrowska, Ewa Swiech, Monika Boguslawska-Tryk, Beata Glowinska

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study aimed to compare content and apparent ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids in diets used over 1 year (4 feeding periods) on 2 farms of reproductive polar foxes (A and B). Two diets (1 from farm A, 1 from farm B) from the same feeding period were tested in succession (4 eight-day digestibility experiments) on 5 polar foxes with 'end-to-end' ileorectal anastomosis. The main protein sources were poultry, fish, and beef offal in diets A and beef offal in diets B. In diets A, considerably higher content of protein and total essential and nonessential amino acids was …

The Effects Of Barley/Triticale Silage On Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Meat Quality Of Lambs, Gülcan Demi̇rel, Ahmet Yavuz Pekel, Bülent Eki̇z, Hakan Bi̇ri̇ci̇k, Neşe Kocabağli, Müjdat Alp

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to investigate the performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of lambs fed barley/triticale silage treated with/without inoculant and enzyme mixture-based diets with similar barley supplementation. Thirty Tahirova × Sakız crossbred weaned ram lambs (mean body weight: 34 ± 0.5 kg) were used in this study. Lambs were randomly divided into groups of 3 and fed the respective diets. These 3 diets were: 1) hay grass + barley, 2) triticale/barley silage + barley, and 3) triticale/barley silage with inoculants and enzyme mixture + barley. There were significant differences among groups in daily live weight gain (P < 0.001). Cold carcass weight and dressing percentage based on empty body weight and carcass conformation scores were not significantly different among groups, but fatness scores and proportion of omental and mesenteric fat were significantly affected by diet (P < 0.05). No differences were found in terms of meat lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) values for M. longissimus thoracis muscle. However, silage-fed lambs in both groups had higher shear force values than hay-fed lambs in the current study (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that barley/triticale silages offered with concentrate had no unfavorable effect on lamb performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality.

Evaluating The Utility Of Beaver Reintroduction Programs For Enhancing Habitat For Rainbow Trout And Steelhead, Jonathan Rodger Hegna

All Master's Theses

Beaver reintroduction programs are increasingly being viewed as a way to enhance salmonid habitat and production. However, the actual effectiveness of using beavers as a habitat enhancement tool for ESA listed steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss populations is unknown. We examined the type of habitat, at both the microhabitat and mesohabitat levels, preferred by steelhead in three small streams in the upper Yakima Basin, WA through standard snorkel surveys and habitat measurements. Our results suggest that steelhead in small streams strongly prefer (relative to availability) microhabitats that have deeper water(> 30 cm), slow stream velocities(< 0 .05 mis), and complex cover types. Habitat partitioning among the size-classes (small< 50 mm, medium 50-90 mm, large> 90 mm total length, TL) principally operated …

State Of The River Report For The Lower St. Johns River Basin, Florida: Water Quality, Fisheries, Aquatic Life, And Contaminants 2013, Environmental Protection Board, City Of Jacksonville, University Of North Florida, Jacksonville University

State of the River Report

No abstract provided.

Carbon Farming In Wa, Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia, Department Of Regional Development And Lands, Western Australia

Natural resources published reports

Fact sheets:

1. Applying biochar to improve soil quality and crop productivity

2. Reducing methane emissions from cattle using feed additives

3. Cattle breeding for lower greenhouse gas emissions

4. Managing genetic codes to reduce methane emissions from cattle

5. Managing pastures and stocking rate to reduce methane emissions from cattle

6. Claying as a method of increasing soil carbon content

7. Green and brown manuring as part of carbon farming

8. Permanent environmental plantings to earn carbon credits

9. Nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils

10. Sheep genetics in methane reduction

11. Managing sheep pastures to reduce methane production …

Effects Of Site Characteristics, Pinyon-Juniper Management, And Precipitation On Habitat Quality For Mule Deer In New Mexico, Louis C. Bender, Jon C. Boren, Heather Halbritter, Shad Cox

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Wildlife enterprises are increasingly important to ranch income in the western United States. Habitat management practices that facilitate wildlife are needed for optimal management of multiple-use ranches, particularly for economically important species, such as mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), that are declining throughout much of their range. We tested the effects of vegetation cover type, site characteristics, pinyon-juniper management treatments, and precipitation on body condition and size of spring-summer-autumn (SSA) home ranges of mule deer to assess habitat quality on the Corona Range and Livestock Research Center (CRLRC), a multiple-use research ranch in east central New Mexico. Accrual of …

Jaguar And Puma Attacks On Livestock In Costa Rica, Ronit Amit, Elias José Gordillo-Chávez, Raquel Bone

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Human–felid conflicts threaten long-term conservation of jaguars (Panthera onca) and pumas (Puma concolor). We interviewed ranchers from 50 ranches and inspected farms in northern Costa Rica that reported recent attacks on livestock by these 2 felids. We analyzed ranch characteristics, livestock management practices, details of predation, estimated market-value of economic losses, and ranchers’ perception of damage. Ranchers reported 81 felid attacks on livestock, including 60 head of cattle, 16 horses, 3 sheep, 1 pig, and 1 goat. Mean size of ranches was 233 km², and mean livestock herd size was 109, including cattle, horses, …

Overwinter Mortality Of Sympatric Juvenile Bluegill And Yellow Perch In Mid-Temperate Sandhill Lakes, Nebraska, U.S.A, Jeffrey C. Jolley, Mark A. Kaemingk, David W. Willis, Richard S. Holland

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Substantial mortality can occur in age-0 fish populations during their first year of life, especially in winter; this can potentially influence overall recruitment into the adult population. As such, we compared relative abundances between fall and spring catches of sympatric juvenile bluegill Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque and yellow perch Perca flavescens (Mitchill) to evaluate the magnitude of overwinter mortality across locations (five lakes for two years) and through time (one lake for six years). In addition, we compared both quantile-quantile and increment plots, based on length-frequency histograms from fall- and spring-caught cohorts from 2004 to 2010, to determine if mortality was …

Bat Activity Over Wetlands: Temporal And Spatial Variation, Sarah Stankavich

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

"Foraging animals face decisions about when and where to forage based, in part, on prey availability, which can fluctuate temporally as well as spatially. For temperate insectivorous bats, wetlands are important forage habitats because they provide water and high abundances of insects. My overall objective was to identify abiotic and biotic factors that influence bat foraging activity over wetlands in the channeled scablands of eastern Washington. I surveyed 12 wetland sites at Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge (TNWR) in Cheney, Washington, 3 or 4 times during summer 2012. Ten stations were set up at each site to measure insect abundance using …

Factors Shaping The Ontogeny Of Vocal Signals In A Wild Parrot, Karl S. Berg, Steven R. Beissinger, Jack W. Bradbury

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

Parrots rely heavily on vocal signals to maintain their social and mobile lifestyles. We studied vocal ontogeny in nests of wild green-rumped parrotlets (Forpus passerinus) in Venezuela. We identified three successive phases of vocal signaling that corresponded closely to three independently derived phases of physiological development. For each ontogenetic phase, we characterized the relative importance of anatomical constraints, motor skills necessary for responding to specific contexts of the immediate environment, and the learning of signals that are necessary for adult forms of communication. We observed shifts in the relative importance of these three factors as individuals progressed from …

Assessment Of Antimicrobial Resistance In Pathogens Responsible For Causing Bovine Mastitis In Kentucky, Erica Denise West

Online Theses and Dissertations

Bovine mastitis is most significant disease seen in dairy farms worldwide, resulting in the largest profit loss of any other disease affecting dairy cows. The aim of this thesis was to determine the predominant species responsible for bovine mastitis in a subset of ten Kentucky dairy herds, and to assess the presence of antibiotic resistance in these pathogens. In this study, 308 milk samples were obtained from cow's selected based on their recent somatic cell count. Samples positive for growth were identified using the gram stain and various biochemical tests. After identification, resistance to 11 antimicrobial agents was assessed using …

Breeding Biology Of Chuck-Will's-Widows: Incubation, Brooding, And Provisioning Behavior And Characteristics Of Nest Sites, Ryan Sean O'Connor

Online Theses and Dissertations

Chuck-will's-widows (Antrostomus carolinensis) are cryptically colored grounding-nesting nightars that breed throughout much of the eastern United States, primarily in mixed-forest habitat. Because of their cryptic plumage and nocturnal habits, little is known about their behavior, particularly their breeding and nesting behavior. Thus, my objectives were to: (1) quantify patterns of incubation behavior (e.g., on bouts vs. off bouts) and the respective roles of males and females, (2) quantify the brooding and provisioning behavior of males and females, and, (3) compare the characteristics of nest sites and randomly selected unused sites to determine those features important in nest site selection.

My …

Wintering White-Throated Sparrows (Zonotrichia Albicollis): Home Ranges, Aggression And Corticosterone, Marissa Ann Buschow

Online Theses and Dissertations

White-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis) are songbirds that spend the non-breeding season in southeastern North America, where they form philopatric territorial flocks. Flocks exhibit dominance hierarchies, with dominance rank associated with an individual's age and prior residence in the territory. Although social behaviors within flocks are well studied, few studies have described winter home ranges. I tagged white-throated sparrows (n = 12) in Madison County, Kentucky, with 0.9-g radio transmitters during the winter of 2010-2011. Locations were entered into ArcGIS and home range sizes were estimated with 50% and 95% kernel analysis for individuals with at least five locations. Mean core …

Winter Behavior And Ecology Of Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia Sialis): Home Ranges, Habitat Use, And Effect Of Weather On Foraging Behavior, Todd J. Weinkam

Online Theses and Dissertations

Eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) are widespread across eastern North America, but populations appear to be susceptible to extreme winter weather. Declines in population following cold winters in states like Kentucky suggest the need to better understand winter-specific habitat requirements and behavioral responses to inclement weather. My objectives were to 1) describe the size and habitat composition of the home ranges of wintering bluebirds, and 2) examine the effects of weather (i.e., temperature, wind speed, and snow presence) on habitat occupancy, group size, and foraging behavior. My study was conducted at the Blue Grass Army Depot in Madison County, …

Habitat Associations Of Stream-Dwelling Salamanders At Multiple Spatial Scales In Central Kentucky Headwaters., John Mark Yeiser

Online Theses and Dissertations

Headwater stream systems are productive habitats that are often at risk of human perturbation, and it is crucial that ecologists understand natural patterns and processes within these ecosystems. Using a multi-scale approach, I investigated factors influencing habitat associations of Ambystoma barbouri (streamside salamander) and Eurycea cirrigera (southern two-lined salamander) in a relatively undisturbed stream network in central Kentucky. I used likelihood ratio G-tests to identify associations between species and mesohabitat types (i.e., runs, riffles, and pools). I used second order Akaike's Information Criterion (AICc) model selection to predict patterns of presence and abundance throughout headwater reaches. Fine-scale abiotic …

Facultative Adjustment Of Pre-Fledging Mass Recession By Nestling Chimney Swifts (Chaetura Pelagica), Sagan Brianne Goodpaster

Online Theses and Dissertations

In species that are susceptible to mass-dependent flight costs, particularly seabirds and aerial insectivores, mass recession is a crucial aspect of the nestling period, ensuring fledglings will have an appropriate wing loading. My objectives were to determine if mass recession by Chimney Swift (Chaetura pelagica) nestlings is intrinsically controlled or facultatively adjusted by nestlings, and if mass recession is driven by changes in parental behavior (i.e., reduced provisioning rates) or nestling behavior (i.e., reduced solicitation of feedings). Nestling swifts (N = 69) were divided into three groups: controls, half-weighted, or weighted. Half-weighted and weighted nestlings had 0.6-0.7-g or 1.2-1.3-g lead …

Effects Of Variation In Hunger Levels On Begging Behavior Of Nestlings And The Provsioning Behavior Of Male And Female Eastern Phoebes, Christopher Adam Heist

Online Theses and Dissertations

Nestling birds solicit food from their parents using conspicuous vocalizations and visual begging displays and there is considerable empirical evidence suggesting that nestling begging represents honest signals of need, and that adults use these signals to determine provisioning rates. Less is known about how males and females may differ in their response to changes in nestling begging behavior as a result of variation in hunger levels, or how nestling begging and adult provisioning may be influenced by brood number (i.e., first versus second broods).

To examine these parent-offspring interactions, I first manipulated hunger levels of whole broods of nestling Eastern …

Phenotypic And Genotypic Characterization Of Antibiotic-Resistant Soil And Manure Bacteria Adjacent To Swine Production Facilities, Meli̇ke Eki̇zoğlu, Satoshi Koike, Ivan Krapac, Mahmut Nedi̇m Sultan, Roderick Mackie

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study aimed to identify phenotypic and genotypic resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from soil and manure samples obtained from a farm where tetracycline and tylosin were used extensively. Samples were collected from the manure and soil, before and after manure application. All of the 151 bacteria were identified based on BLAST results. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by agar dilution and E-test methods. Class-specific primers were used to amplify 6 erythromycin and 7 tetracycline resistance (Tc^r) genes for 46 tetracycline- and 18 erythromycin-resistant isolates. Tc^r gene sequence identity between different species of isolates was identified to investigate the dissemination …

Oral Abscess Associated With Cranial Tooth Loss In Green Iguana (Iguana Iguana), Tzvetan Chaprazov, Rosen Dimitrov, Kamelia Stamatova Yovcheva

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to describe the morphology and results of treatment of an iguana’s oral abscess. A case of unilateral oral abscesses with tooth loss in a male green iguana (Iguana iguana) was presented. Gingival necrosis and a pocket of caseous yellow-gray pus were visible in the soft tissues. Some cranial teeth were found loose within the necrotic tissue. Radiographic study showed decreased bone density. Treatment of the abscess involved opening up the pus-filled abscess and manually cleaning it out. The bacteriology confirmed a culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitive to enrofloxacin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol.

Arkansas Animal Science Department Report 2012, David L. Kreider

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Spatial And Seasonal Signals In Stable Isotopes Of Incisor Enamel From Free-Ranging, Thirteen-Lined Ground Squirrels, Jacob Andrew Brassington

Honors Theses

From early May through late September, 2012, we captured, tagged, and collected body masses from multiple, free-ranging thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) in southwestern Michigan, with 14 individuals recaptured 1 or more times through the season. Beginning in mid-June, we captured and euthanized 12 or these individuals (on average, about 1 per week) to allow study of their lower incisors. We serially micro-sampled enamel along squirrel incisors using laser ablation and determined stable isotope ratios (d13 and d18 O) with gas chromatography-isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS). The resulting values fell into two spatial groups. Specimens collected within 25 m of a …

The Lives Of Others: Social Rationality In Animals, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Andrew J. King

Jeffrey Stevens Publications

Darwin (1871) boldly claimed that humans and other animals differ very little in their cognition; a statement that has raised the ire of many scientists (Bolhuis & Wynne, 2009; Penn, Holyoak, & Povinelli, 2008). Rather than stating this continuity as a fact, we will explore the similarities and differences between humans and animals in the social rationality of their decision making. We find this a fruitful exercise because it can profit researchers of both humans and animals. Our purpose here is to provide an evolutionary background of social rationality: Why do animals attend to the lives of others? To this …

Worms, Nematoda, Scott Lyell Gardner

Scott L. Gardner Publications

Nematodes are the most speciose phylum of metazoa on earth. Not only do they occur in huge numbers as parasites of all known animal groups, but also they are found in the soils, as parasites of plants, and in large numbers in the most extreme environments, from the Antarctic dry valleys to the benthos of the ocean. They are extremely variable in their morphological characteristics, with each group showing morphological adapta­tions to the environment that they inhabit. Soil-dwelling forms are extremely small; many marine species have long and complex setae; and parasitic species man­ifest amazingly great reproductive potential and large …

Changing Room Cues Reduces The Effects Of Proactive Interference In Clark’S Nutcrackers, Nucifraga Columbiana, Jody L. Lewis, Alan C. Kamil, Kate E. Webbink

Avian Cognition Papers

To determine what factors are important for minimizing interference effects in spatial memory, Clark’s Nutcrackers, Nucifraga columbiana were tested for their spatial memory for two serial lists of locations per day. In this experiment two unique landmark sets were either different between List 1 and List 2 or the same. We found that Nutcrackers were most susceptible to interference when the landmark sets were the same. This study suggests that repeatedly testing animal memory in the same room, with the same cues, can hamper recall due to interference.

Differences In Relative Hippocampus Volume And Number Of Hippocampus Neurons Among Five Corvid Species, Kristy L. Gould, Karl E. Gilbertson, Andrew J. Hrvol, Joseph C. Nelson, Abigail L. Seyfer, Rose M. Brantner, Alan C. Kamil

Avian Cognition Papers

The relative size of the avian hippocampus (Hp) has been shown to be related to spatial memory and food storing in two avian families, the parids and corvids. Basil et al. [Brain Behav Evol 1996;47: 156-164] examined North American food-storing birds in the corvid family and found that Clark’s nutcrackers had a larger relative Hp than pinyon jays and Western scrub jays. These results correlated with the nutcracker’s better performance on most spatial memory tasks and their strong reliance on stored food in the wild. However, Pravosudov and de Kort [Brain Behav Evol 67 (2006), 1-9] raised questions …

Antelope Mating Strategies Facilitate Invasion Of Grasslands By A Woody Weed, Shivani Jadeja, Soumya Prasad, Suhel Quader, Kavita Isvaran

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Intra and interspecific variation in frugivore behaviour can have important consequences for seed dispersal outcomes. However, most information comes from among-species comparisons, and within-species variation is relatively poorly understood. We examined how large intraspecific differences in the behaviour of a native disperser, blackbuck antelope Antilope cervicapra, influence dispersal of a woody invasive, Prosopis juliflora, in a grassland ecosystem. Blackbuck disperse P. juliflora seeds through their dung. In lekking blackbuck populations, males defend clustered or dispersed mating territories. Territorial male movement is restricted, and within their territories males defecate on dung-piles. In contrast, mixed-sex herds range over large areas …

Geographic Distribution: Anolis Sagrei (Brown Anole). Usa: Florida: Escambia Co., Louis A. Somma

Papers in Herpetology

Pensacola: Agriculture Interdiction Station 1-10, Station 19: 1-10 eastbound (30.54519°N, 87.35201°W, WGS84). November 15, 2012. Katrina Simmons and Randal St. Louis. Verified by Kenneth L. Krysko, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida (UF 169126). First county interdiction and westernmost vouchered specimen for the Florida Panhandle (Krysko et al. 2011. Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles in Florida. Final report, Project Agreement 080l3, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Tallahassee. 524 pp.). Currently, Anolis sagrei is not known to be established in Escambia County, but is present in adjacent Santa Rosa County and at least 54 other Florida counties (Krysko …