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A Simple Method To Reduce Interpretation Error Of Ages Estimated From Otoliths, Bradley J. Smith, Daniel J. Dembkowski, Daniel A. James, Melissa R. Wuellner

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

We designed and tested a novel otolith viewing apparatus termed the otolith illumination device (OID) to ascertain if its use would result in a reduction of interpretation error as determined by increased precision of age estimates obtained from otoliths of walleye Sander vitreus and smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu. Clarity of annuli on otolith sections viewed with the OID was generally greater than clarity of annuli on sections viewed with an alternative method. OID-based age estimates were equally as, and in some instance more precise than ages estimated using the alternative method. Additionally, no systematic differences in coefficients of variation …

Winter Habitat Quality But Not Long- Distance Dispersal Influences Apparent Reproductive Success In A Migratory Bird, Clark S. Rushing, Peter P. Marra, Michele R. Dudash

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Long- distance breeding and natal dispersal play central roles in many ecological and evolutionary processes, including gene flow, population dynamics, range expansion, and individual responses to fluctuating biotic and abiotic conditions. However, the relative contribution of long- distance dispersal to these processes depends on the ability of dispersing individuals to successfully reproduce in their new environment. Unfortunately, due to the difficulties associated with tracking dispersal in the field, relatively little is known about its reproductive consequences. Furthermore, because reproductive success is influenced by a variety of processes, disentangling the influence of each of these processes is critical to understanding the …

Age, Growth And Natural Mortality Of Blackfin Snapper Lutjanus Buccanella From The Southeastern United States And U. S. Caribbean, Michael L. Burton, Jennifer C. Potts, Daniel R. Carr

Gulf and Caribbean Research

We determined ages of Blackfin Snapper (Lutjanus buccanella Cuvier 1828; n = 622) collected from the southeastern United States coast and U.S. Caribbean from 1979–2015 using sectioned sagittal otoliths. Opaque zones were determined to be annular, forming March – July (peaking in April–June). Blackfin Snapper ranged from 1–27 years and from 180–609 mm total length (TL). Body size relationships for Blackfin Snapper were: TL = 1.09 FL + 0.81 (n = 203, r2 = 0.99); FL = 0.91 TL + 3.38 (n = 203, r2 = 0.99); TL = 1.23 SL + 14.27 (n = 83, r2 = 0.97); FL …

Hawks And Owls, Brian E. Washburn

Wildlife Damage Management Technical Series

Human-Wildlife Conflicts: Hawks and owls can negatively impact a variety of human interests, including important natural resources, livestock and game bird production, human health and safety, and companion animals. Conflicts between raptors and people generally are localized and often site-specific. However, the economic and social impacts to the individuals involved can be severe. Despite the problems they may cause, hawks and owls provide important benefits and environmental services. Raptors are popular with birdwatchers and much of the general public. They also hunt and kill large numbers of rodents, reducing crop damage and other problems.

Damage Identification

Management Methods

Economics

Species …

The Evaluation Of Eprinomectin (Longrange®) On Long-Term Parasitic Infection In Nursing Calves During Summer Grazing®, Lyndsea D. Seibert

LSU Master's Theses

One of the most significant threats to the well-being and performance of grazing livestock are gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasitic infections. Allowing a large GIN burden to manifest can cause a significant cost in terms of productivity in grazing cattle. Beef producers commonly rely greatly on the efficacy of broad-spectrum anthelmintics, to not only kill resident worms but to also prevent the establishment of ingested infective stage larvae (L3) for a period following treatment. Eprinomectin (LONGRANGE®, E-LR) is the first extended-release injectable cattle dewormer that claims to provide cattle producers season-long persistent parasite control for 100 to 150 d in a …

Metabolic And Body Temperature Responses To Environmental Conditions Across Seasons In Finishing Steers, Bradley M. Boyd, Terry L. Mader, Curtis J. Bittner Bittner, Dirk Burken, Henry Hilscher, Gene Wijffels, John B. Gaughan, Megan Sullivan, Judy Cawdell- Smith, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Two trials (summer and winter) were conducted with 80 steers each at the UNL ARDC near Mead, Neb. Continuous body temperature was collected throughout both trials and blood samples were taken every other week until four weeks prior to harvest. Th is resulted in a total of 6 collections for the summer and 8 collections for the winter. Blood measures responded differently between seasons with significant quadratic interactions between collection time and season suggesting environmental conditions affect blood metabolites.

Effects Of Shade And Feeding Zilpaterol Hydrochloride To Finishing Steers On Performance, Carcass Quality, Heat Stress, Mobility, And Body Temperature, Bradley M. Boyd, Steven D. Shackelford, Kristin E. Hales Hales, Tami M. Brown- Brandl, Meredith L. Bremer, Matthew L. Spangler, Tommy L. Wheeler, David A. King, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A finishing study evaluated the effects of shade and feeding zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) on performance, carcass quality, mobility, and body temperature. No effect on body temperature, or performance was observed for shaded cattle versus cattle in open pens. Feeding ZH increased HCW, LM area and decreased yield grade. Zilpaterol hydrochloride increased respiration rate but did not significantly affect body temperature or mobility. Across all treatments mobility decreased with time, therefore, cattle were least mobile at the time of harvest.

Feeding Vitamin E May Reverse Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Instability Caused By Feeding Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles To Cattle, Michael D. Chao, Katherine I. Domenech, Chris R. Calkins Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Steers were finished on either 0% or 30% wet distillers grains plus solubles with four antioxidant treatments (control; vitamin E; Agrado; vitamin E + Agrado). Feeding wet distillers grains plus solubles increased polyunsaturated fatty acids contents in SR membrane and altered sarcoplasmic reticulum phospholipid profiles. Steaks from steers fed wet distillers grains plus solubles also had more protein degradation. Supplementing vitamin E reversed the alteration of sarcoplasmic reticulum phospholipid profiles and prevented the accelerated protein degradation resulted from feeding wet distillers grains plus solubles. These findings suggest that feeding wet distillers grains plus solubles in the finishing diet may accelerate …

Granulosa Cell Exposure To Excess Androgens Inhibits Their Ability To Proliferate In The Cow Which May Cause Or Perpetuate Androgen Excess, Andrea S. Cupp, Sarah Romereim, Adam F. Summers Summers, William E. Pohlmeier, Renee M. Mcfee, Renata Spuri- Gomes, Scott G. Kurz, Anthony K. Mcneel, Robert A. Cushman, John S. Davis, Jennifer R. Wood

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Within the UNL physiology herd, a group of cows have been identified with excess androgen (androstenedione, A4) in their dominant follicle (30 fold higher than controls) and a 17% reduction in calving rate, suggesting subfertility. Th e objective was to identify altered granulosa cell gene expression that could be preventing these cells from converting excess androgen into estrogen. Microarray analysis suggests these granulosa cells experience inhibited proliferation resulting in a reduced total population of cells. Improved understanding of the causes of this phenotype may provide beef producers with tools to identify potentially subfertile cattle and improve reproductive efficiency.

Effect Of Safeguard® On Fecal Egg Count And Steer Performance In Newly Received Calves, Antonio J. Neto, Curtis J. Bittner, Brandon L. Nuttelman Nuttelman, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The effects of Safeguard® on fecal egg count (FEC) and performance of newly received calves in the feedlot were evaluated. Treatments were Safeguard® and Dectomax® injectable or only Dectomax® injectable. Th e basal diet consisted of 30% dry- rolled corn, 36% Sweet Bran® Cargill, 30% alfalfa hay, and 4% supplement. Th ere were no diff erences in DMI, ADG, F:G, and initial FEC between treatments. However, FEC on d 19 was lower for animals receiving Safeguard® and Dectomax® compared to Dectomax®. Th e combination of Safeguard® and Dectomax ® reduced FEC to very low amounts of newly received calves in …

How Many Clean-Up Bulls Are Needed Aft Er Estrus Synchronization And Artificial Insemination?, Hazy R. Nielson, Rick N. Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

To evaluate the ideal number of bulls to use following estrus synchronization and artificial insemination (AI), research reporting AI and final pregnancy rates and bull to female ratio in Bos taurus cattle was reviewed and summarized. Pregnancy rate means were weighted based on the number of females in each study. Final pregnancy rates for a normal bull to female ratio (1:20 to 30) in a natural service setting were 87.8%. In comparison, final pregnancy rates following estrus synchronization and AI for a normal, intermediate (1:31 to 49), and half the number of bulls (1:50 to 60) were 87.8, 82.6, and …

Population Sampling Of Chelonians In An Urban Lake In Jonesboro, Craighead County, Arkansas, J. D. Konvalina, C. S. Thigpen, S. E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We conducted a mark-recapture survey for aquatic turtles in Craighead Forest Lake in Jonesboro (Craighead County, Arkansas). From July 2, 2015 to October 14, 2015, we set six hoop nets, baited with fish parts, at specific shoreline locations around the lake. Traps were set twice a week and checked 12 hours after they were set. Carapace length, carapace width, plastron length, and plastron width were measured for each individual. Each turtle was identified to species and its sex was recorded. We also placed a notch in one or more of its marginal scutes to aid in future identification. Finally, a …

History And Fall Migration Of Northern Saw-Whet Owls (Aegolius Acadicus) In Arkansas, M. L. Pruitt, K. G. Smith

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The secretive Northern Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus) is believed to be much more widespread during fall and winter than previously thought in the southern United States. To see if they occur more frequently in Arkansas, we initiated a banding study in fall of 2014 in northwestern Arkansas. Prior to that, only 12 historic records existed for Arkansas between 1959 and 2010. Over the course of two field seasons, we captured and banded 24 Northern Saw-whet Owls in rural Madison County. All birds were mist-netted along a trail, in woodland composed of pine and cedar with fairly dense undergrowth. Two were …

Vertebrate Natural History Notes From Arkansas, 2016, R. Tumlison, C. T. Mcallister, H. W. Robison, M. B. Connior, D. B. Sasse, D. A. Saugey, S. Chordas Iii

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Often, interesting and important observations of vertebrate distribution and natural history are not published because they are not part of a larger study. Knowledge of small details, however, not only fills gaps in understanding but also lead researchers to interesting questions about ecological relationships or environmental change. We have compiled recent observations of importance that can add immensely to the growth of knowledge of the biology of vertebrates in Arkansas.

Long-Term Monitoring And Recovery Of A Population Of Alligator Snapping Turtles, Macrochelys Temminckii (Testudines: Chelydridae), From A Northeastern Arkansas Stream, S. E. Trauth, D. S. Siegel, M. L. Mccallum, D. H. Jamieson, A. Holt, J. B. Trauth, H. Hicks, J. W. Stanley, J. Elston, J. J. Kelly, J. D. Konvalina

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We conducted a mark-recapture study of Alligator Snapping Turtles, Macrochelys temminckii, on Salado Creek (Independence Co., Arkansas) during 10 trapping seasons, which spanned a 20-year period (1995–2015). We trapped a total of 163 Alligator Snapping Turtles during 416 trap nights and recorded a total of 35 recaptures during this study. Both the catch per unit effort (CPUE) and Jolly-Seber approaches demonstrated that this population benefitted from removal of harvest pressure, thus leading to an increase in abundance of Alligator Snapping Turtles in the lower ~5 km of the creek. The CPUE averaged slightly greater than 0.24 (317 trap nights) during …

New Chigger (Acari) Records From Arkansas Amphibians (Caudata, Anura) And Reptiles (Sauria), M. B. Connior, C. T. Mcallister, L. A. Durden, S. E. Trauth, H. W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Report On An Oomycete Infection (Heterokontophyta: Oomycota) In Northern Studfish, Fundulus Catenatus (Fundulidae) From Tenmile Creek, Saline County, Arkansas, C. T. Mcallister, H. W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Hematozoan Parasites (Apicomplexa, Kinetoplastida) Of Seven Arkansas Reptiles (Testudines, Ophidia), C. T. Mcallister, M. B. Connior, H. W. Robison, T. J. Fayton, R. Tumlison, S. E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Little is known concerning the hematozoan parasites of Arkansas reptiles. Although there are previous reports in the state of these intraerythrocytic parasites infecting various reptiles, additional research is sorely needed. Here, we attempt to augment that void by providing additional hosts infected by these apicomplexans, including the first report of a trypomastigote of a Trypanosoma sp. from an Arkansas turtle.

Gastrointestinal Parasites Of The Northern River Otter, Lontra Canadensis (Carnivora: Mustelidae), From Arkansas, C. T. Mcallister, A. Surf, R. Tumlison, C. R. Bursey, T. J. Fayton

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

New Records And Notes On The Natural History Of Selected Invertebrates From Arkansas, R. Tumlison, H. W. Robison, T. L. Tumlison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Play In Immature Tibetan Macaques (Macaca Thibetana): Location, Use Of Play Signals, And Play Bout Termination At Mt. Huangshan, China, Kaitlin R. Wright

All Master's Theses

In this study, I examined the relationship between play behaviors, play location, the frequency of selected play signals, and play bout termination in Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) during immature social play. I gathered video data at the Valley of the Wild Monkeys, Mt. Huangshan, China, and focused on 21 juvenile and infant macaques (zero to five years of age). I used an all occurrence sampling method to score play behaviors and play signals with an ethogram. I hypothesized that play groups would use play signals in functionally appropriate ways based on the location of the play bout, the …

Comparison Of Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes) Behavior On Tour And Non-Tour Days At Chimpanzee Sanctuary Northwest, Allison A. Farley

All Master's Theses

In this study, I investigated the potential effect of a visitor program on captive chimpanzees’ (Pan troglodytes) behaviors at Chimpanzee Sanctuary Northwest (CSNW) in Cle Elum, Washington. I used focal animal sampling to score behaviors from an ethogram of affiliative, aggressive and abnormal chimpanzee behaviors, as well as foraging and vigilance. During each sample, I recorded the focal’s location within the enclosure and whether he or she was situated in locations that would be in view of visitors (present or not). I analyzed 720 minutes of data from each of the seven CSNW chimpanzees. I tested the hypothesis …

Testing The Forage Preference Of The American Pika (Ochotona Princeps) For Use In Connectivity Corridors In The Washington Cascades, Carly Wickhem, Kristina Ernest

All Master's Theses

One of the aims of the Snoqualmie Pass East Project (SPEP) in the Cascades of central Washington is to construct nearly 30 wildlife crossing structures along a 15-mile stretch of Interstate-90. American pikas (Ochotona princeps) are being monitored for the SPEP because they have specific habitat requirements and are poor dispersers. Making the crossing structures “pika-friendly” will encourage these low-mobility animals to use the structures. Recent research suggests that the presence of quality vegetation may help pika populations avoid declines and extirpations, so planting suitable forage within and adjacent to the crossings will be essential. During the summer …

Seasonal Microhabitat Use Of Young-Of-The-Year Bull Trout, Salvelinus Confluentus, In A Drought Year, Ashton Brook Bunce

All Master's Theses

This study examined the microhabitat use of young-of-the-year (YOY) bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus, throughout the summer and fall of 2015 in Gold Creek, a third order Cascade Mountain stream near Snoqualmie Pass, WA. It is crucial to understand YOY habitat requirements, as this life stage is highly vulnerable to fluctuations in streamflow and various ecological risks associated with their dispersal. Previous research has demonstrated that YOY salmonids often occupy stream margins where they are sheltered from these kinds of threats. However, in the face of climate change, Pacific Northwest streams are more susceptible to decreased summer streamflows and elevated, irregular …

Reaction To Stimulus Figures In Chimpanzee Drawings, Alexandra Bobrinskoy Casti

All Master's Theses

Seven captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) produced drawings at the University of Oklahoma between November 1971 and November 1972. Chimpanzees drew on sheets of paper that were either blank or had a stimulus. The stimulus was located in the center or offset from the center. These drawings were scanned and digitized. Analysis tested whether chimpanzee mark placement was contingent on the location of stimulus figures. Centroid locations significantly changed between stimulus type for all drawing categories and among participants for free choice and central figure drawings. Participants drew in the empty space opposite offset figure drawings. Findings support previous …

River Report. State Of The Lower St. Johns River Basin, Florida: Water Quality, Fisheries, Aquatic Life, Contaminants, 2016, Environmental Protection Board, City Of Jacksonville, University Of North Florida, Jacksonville University, Gerry Pinto, Nisse Goldberg, Radha Pyati, Peter Bacopoulos, Anthony Ouellette, Gretchen Bielmyer-Fraser, An-Phong Le, Ray Oldakowski

State of the River Report

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Different Extenders On Motility And Some Sperm Kinematics Parameters In Norduz Goat Semen, Koray Teki̇n, Ali̇ Daşkin

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Use of computer-assisted sperm analyzers (CASAs) to evaluate sperm fertilizing ability has great importance for the artificial insemination industry. For motility evaluation, different CASA systems and diluents are being used. These assays are poor in predicting sperm fertility, because only the samples with markedly poor quality can be detected. However, there is not a unitary extender worldwide. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the postthaw kinetic parameters of curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), and average-path velocity (VAP) with two different extenders (skim milk, SM; Tris, TS). Semen was collected twice a week with an artificial vagina from four adult Norduz …

Pharmacokinetics And Bioavailability Of Three Promising Tilmicosin-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles In Comparison With Tilmicosin Phosphate Following Oral Administration In Broiler Chickens, Ali Rassouli, Alwan Al-Qushawi, Fatemeh Atyabi, Seyed Mostafa Peighambari, Mehdi Esfandyari-Manesh, Gholam Reza Shams

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Tilmicosin (TLM) is a semisynthetic antimicrobial agent used mainly in poultry and cattle, but it has relatively poor oral bioavailability. This study was conducted to compare the bioavailability (BA) and main pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of TLM after oral administration of tilmicosin phosphate (TLM-PH) and three newly prepared lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) of TLM including solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), and lipid-core nanocapsules (LNCs). Sixty broiler chickens were divided into eight groups. In four treatment groups (n = 10), each bird was given a single oral dose (20 mg/kg) of a TLM formulation after overnight fasting, and in four …

Hemopoiesis In The Pronephros Of Tench, Tinca Tinca, Linnaeus 1758(Teleostei, Cyprinidae): Cytochemical Identification And Cell Morphology, Andi Alijagic, Damir Suljevic

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Hemopoiesis in the tench (Tinca tinca: Teleostei, Cyprinidae), a cyprinid fish that can be found within the entire territory of Eurasia, from France in the west to the Yenisei River in the east, has not yet been described. The aim of this research was analysis of hemopoiesis lineages in the pronephros of Tinca tinca (sampled from the Jablanicko Reservoir). Identification and cells measurements were done by using a light microscope (Olympus BX41) and an Olympus DP12 camera. Hemopoietic cells of the tench are divided into five different series that include erythropoietic, granulopoietic, lymphopoietic, thrombopoietic, and monopoietic cell series. Erythropoietic series …

Differences In Drone Sperm Morphometry And Activity At The Beginning And End Of The Season, Aldona Gontarz, Dorota Banaszewska, Magdalena Gryzinska, Katarzyna Andraszek

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The sperm cells of the honey bee, like the sperm of most invertebrates, belong to the modified type of spermatozoa. In our own research, differences have been observed in the activity of sperm cells isolated from drones at the beginning and end of the season. On the basis of these observations, research was undertaken to determine whether the changes in drone activity are associated with morphological changes. The sperm cells collected from drones at the beginning of the mating season are longer than the sperm cells from the end of the season. Moreover, sperm cells from the beginning of the …