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Selenium And Sheep Health, B J. Gabbedy, A. J. Hadlow

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

For many years selenium was known to the livestock industries only because of its toxic properties. Some soils, particularly in the United States of America, were so high in selenium that many animals died after grazing plants on these soils.

In 1957 it was discovered that selenium supplements could prevent a number of diseases and, from that time, selenium has been regarded as an essential trace element.

White muscle disease (WMD) was first recognised in sheep in Western Australia in 1960 and has occurred each year since.

Gain, Feed Conversion And Carcass Traits Of Swine Fed Under Two Nutritional Regimes, P. J. Cunningham, T. E. Socha, E. R. Peo, Jr., R. W. Mandingo

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Data involving 505 Gene Pool boars, barrows and gilts and 126 Hampshire boars and gilts fed two nutritional diets were presented. One diet consisted of high lysine corn, minerals and vitamins (10% protein) while the other diet was a 14% protein corn-soy diet.

Reproductive Efficiency And Viability In Two Bos Indicus And Two Bos Taurus Breeds In The Tropics Of India And Colombia, L. (Lemka) Hamed, R. E. Mcdowell, L. Dale Van Vleck, H. Guha, J. J. Salazar

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Records from two herds in India and two in Columbia representing respectively two breeds of Bos indicus (Hariana and Deshi) and two Bos taurus breeds—Blanco Orejinegro (BON) and Costeño Con Cuernos (CCC) were evaluated for breeding efficiency and viability. Average age at first calving was 52.1, 46.3, 39.5 and 40.7 months for Hariana, Deshi, CCC and BON. Season of birth did not influence age at calving. Ranking for calving interval was similar, average 479, 418, 396 and 382 days with season effects significant (P<.05) for only Deshi. BON and CCC had fewer days open but much shorter lactation periods, average 73 and 157, thus days carried calf in lactation were similar for all breeds. Percent of time dry per calving interval was high for all breeds, 44.2, 36.7, 64.1 and 81.0 for Hariana, Deshi, BON and CCC. Average annual mortality of females by 12 months of age was 23.6% for Hariana, 17.0% Deshi and 27.0% BON. In the same herds 46.4%, 51.1% and 49.0% of females born alive lived to first calving and annual losses among cows were 18.0%, 17.0%, and 21.0%; therefore, affording little opportunity for selection among females. Temperament, as determined by response to the milking process with and without the calf present, showed all the breeds were similar in this respect. Environmental effects were most important for all traits but genetic differences were indicated for age at first calving and milk yield. On a theoretical basis little gain could be expected in net dairy merit from crosses between the Columbian and Indian breeds.

Partial Characterization Of Animal Growth Inhibitors From Soybeans, Joseph Richard Uckert

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The pH 4. 4 supernatant from raw (unheated) soybean meal was separated into 5 fractions on a Sephadex G-25 column in efforts to isolate the animal growth inhibitors present soybeans. Each fraction was added to the diet of growing mice and growth inhibition (GI) activity was determined by comparing their_ growth rates to g1"'owth rates achieved on an autoclaved soybean meal diet. Fractions I and II each contained about 50% of the GI activity, with a trace in fraction III and none in fractions IV and V. Only fraction I contained trypsin inhibitor and caused pancreatic enlargement. Fraction I was …

The Vitamin E Status Of Lactating Dairy Cows After Receiving Stored Feeds For 15 Months, Marc Dellhime Eckhart

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The trend in dairying in recent years has been towards more confinement housing and higher producing animals. Such confinement housing often leads to year-around feeding of stored feeds, such as silage, haylage, and hay with no pasture grazing or feeding of freshly cut forages. Since stored feeds contain substantially less vitamin E than those same forage when freshly cut or grazed, it may be important to re-evaluate the vitamin E status of cows fed stored feeds continuously. The requirement of cattle for vitamin E are largely unknown. The one study involving adult cattle, conducted 25 years ago, found that 1.82 …

The Effects Of Crowding On The Diurnal Ascorbic Acid Levels Of Albino Rats, Mary Jo Barr

Masters Theses

The adrenal physiology of the albino rat was studied through the measurement of adrenal ascorbic acid levels. A cyclic phenomenon was observed which follows the diel periodicity of the animal. Ascorbic acid values were found to be characteristically higher in males than in females. A similar difference was also seen in populations divided into young animals (body weight less than 175 grams) and old animals (body weight greater than 175 grams). Crowding, induced by manipulating the area of cage space per gram of body weight, was observed to be a definite stressor and caused the adrenal ascorbic acid levels to …

Seasonal Variation In The Tubular And Interstitial Areas Of The Testes In Sternotherus Odoratus L., Robert Hans Spaet

Masters Theses

Seasonal changes within the tubular and interstitial areas of the testes in Sternotherus odoratus are investigated, histologically and histochemically. Forty specimens were collected in Illinois, Tennessee and Louisiana between May, 1969 and August, 1972.

Many of the histological and macroscopic observations made by Risley (1938) on the spermatogenic cycle of S. odoratus in Michigan are confirmed. Contrary to his findings, fluctuations in interstitial cell nuclear diameters are observed during spermatogenesis. Greatest diameters coincide with what Risley has considered " . . . period of most active breeding." Sertoli cell nuclear diameters undergo similar fluctuations being greatest during spring breeding and …

The Predatory Behavior Of Pisaster Ochraceus (Brandt), David A. Jillson

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The persistence of predator-prey systems in evolutionar time is a function of the efficiency with which the predator obtains its food, and the ability of the prey to avoid ex- tinction. One of the important components of survival of the system is environmental heterogeneity (Huffaker 1958).

Along rocky intertidal regions of the northern Pacific coast of North America, a major predator, the starfish Pisast ochraceus has a dominant effect upon patterns of distribution of many intertidal organisms (Paine 1966). Likewise, the distribution of intertidal fauna exert an effect upon the activities of Pisaster. Other biological interactions such an grazing activities …

Some Aspects Of Mercury Accumulation By The Purple Shore Crab Hemigrapsus Nudus Dana (Crustacea: Decapoda), Ralph Gene Swanson

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The present study has attempted to investigate some of the more basic questions concerning the toxicity and accumulation of mercury in the purple shore crab, Hemigrapsus nudus. This rocky intertidal denizen is found in abundance along the entire Pacific coast of the United States from Sitka, Alaska, to the Gulf of California where it dominates the mid-tide pool region. Local specimens were collected just north of the Pacific Marine Stations, Dillon Beach, Marin County, California. The animal is hearty and can be kept in a state of good health for long periods of time in the laboratory with minimum care …

Cost Of Producing Beef With Different Types And Weights Of Cattle, Danny G. Fox

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1972

Currently, there is much interest in changing the U.S.D.A. grading standards. Some suggest that we completely eliminate the use of them. There are many reasons for this, but the major one is that many feel that the present system does not always correctly identify the most desirable carcasses. Many cattle now come to market at 15 to 18 months of age and are not marbled because of their youthfulness.

Sixteenth Annual Cattle Feeders Day, Animal Science Department

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1972

These are the complete proceedings of the sixteenth annual Cattle Feeders Day held on October 27, 1972 at South Dakota State University.

Effect Of Nutrition On The Carcass Composition And Quality Of Cattle, R. L. Preston

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1972

Beef is a highly desirable food, both nutritionally and for the pleasure it gives during its consumption. Protein of high quality is the major nutritional asset of beef, as well as supplying certain minerals and vitamins. As important as this role is, it is not the main reason that beef is the most desired of all meats. Beef is consumed because it provides great satisfaction. What then contributes of this satisfaction?

Potential Of Pompano Mariculture In Florida, James Anthony Elias

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Pompano mariculture is not an attempt to bridge the protein gap, but it has been initiated to provide a constant source of this highly desired marine fish. The current market for pompano is small, however, this has been attributed basically to its supply. It appears from the literature that T. carolinus has the most dominant market position since it has an excellent flavor and sports fishermen prefer it due to its fighting ability when hooked on light tackle. It appears from the published history of attempts to raise pompano, by Berry and Iversen, that one of the major problems in …

Tissue Mineral Imbalances In Cattle With Brisket Disease, Patricia H. Field

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Twenty four cattle, six each of healthy cows and calves, and cows and calves with brisket disease, were obtained, examined and slaughtered. The concentrations of calcium, chloride, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, molybdenum, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and zinc; and percent absolute dry matter and percent ash were determined in tissues selected from the following: cardiac, hepatic, renal, osseous, whole blood and blood serum. In addition, certain physical and biological parameters were recorded for each animal. The results were analyzed as a 2 x 2 factorial, segregating the effects of age and brisket disease, and the age-disease interaction.

The following statistically significant …

Reproduction And Hematology Of The Cache Elk Herd, Thomas B. Follis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The initial three years of a 10-year reproductive study of elk involved three major phases. A fourth was added because of convenience. Objective 1 was to ascertain pregnancy rates in yearling and mature elk by rectal palpation, associate these rates with subsequent fall cow/calf ratios, and to test concurrently an ultrasonic fetal heart detector. Rectally observed anatomical changes in gravid uteri of cattle were directly applicable to elk. Ultrasonic detections of pregnancies in elk and deer were unsuccessful.

Pregnancy rates in the 1969-70 winter of 100 and 0 percent, respectively, for 19 adult and five yearling elk were associated with …

Ecology Of Aroga Websteri Clarke In Curlew Valley, Utah-Idaho, Reed L. Kirkland

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The ecology, life history, and population dynamics of the sagebrush defoliator, Aroga websteri Clarke, were studied in the field and laboratory. The defoliator has one generation a year at the Curlew Valley site. It overwintered in the egg stage and passed through five larval instars. Ten parasite species attacked the defoliator at the study site. Four species, Orgilus ferus, Phaeogenes sp., Spilochalcis leptis, and Apanteles cacoeciae, contributed over 75 percent of the total incidence of parasitism. Parasitism ranged from 20 to 76 percent in 1971, but only ranged from 6 to 29 percent in 1972. This decrease …

1972 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Little International Agricultural Exposition South Dakota State University

Little International "Little I" Agricultural Exposition Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Block And Bridle Annual, 1972

Block and Bridle Annual (1933–2021)

Contents:

An Address From the Department Chairman
Staff Comments
A Message From The President!
Advisors 1972
1971-1972 Officers
1971-72 Committee Chair
Membership
Animal Science Faculty
U of N Animal Science Graduate Students
B&B Congratulates
1972 Animal Science Grads
Quarter Horse Show
Appaloosa Show
1971-72 Program Revue
Livestock Judging Contest
Meats Judging Contest
1971 B & B Spring Picnic
Senior Merit Trophy Winner
Junior Scholarship Award
B & B Honoree
Honor’s Banquet
B & B Reps at Davis
Youthful Exhibitors Receive Awards
1971-1972 New Initiates
Kid’s Day – 1971
Showmanship Contest
Winner’s Circle
Little Ak-Sar Ben Action
1971 Ham Sales
1971 …

Farm Grazing Levels, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Stocking rates in many dairying areas are so low that the Division has established nine grazing level demonstrations in various areas.

Their aim is to demonstrate that higher stocking rates are practical on existing farms.

A Biopsy Technique For Sampling The Gracilis Muscle In The Baby Pig, B. D. Moser, E. R. Peo, Jr., D. R. Zimmerman, P. J. Cunningham

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

In research it is often desirable to measure body composition at different stages of growth. Ideally, if the same animal could be sampled several times during the growing-finishing period, critical information about tissue growth could be obtained. Thus, the development of a simple procedure to obtain tissue samples would be an asset to the researcher.

Carboxymethylcellulose As A Carrier For Follicle Stimulating Hormone In The Female Rat And Bovine, C. Leroy Johnson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A series of biological assays were conducted to compare physiological saline (PSS) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as carriers for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and to determine the optimum ratio of FSH to CMC. Constant individual dosages of 0.5 mg FSH were injected into a total of 384 immature female rats in four experiments. Treatments included single injections of FSH in PSS, FSH in 1 percent CMC at ratios (mg FSH: ml CMC) OF 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 5:1 and FSH in 2 percent CMC at a ratio of 1:1. Parameters of primary and secondary response were ovarian and uterine weight, …

Effects Of Manganese Chloride On Gravid Gilts And Newborn Pigs, Dale A. Wade

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Excessive dietary manganese in young mammals has depressed hemoglobin levels, red blood cell synthesis and growth in some investigations, while in other research these were increased. Toxic levels, mode of action and specific physiological effects are unknown although manganese, cobalt and iron appear to compete for absorption mechanisms. Manganese functions in enzyme systems and in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, is present in red cells and plasma and may be incorporated into the hemoglobin molecule. Gravid gilts were utilized in these investigations since piglet anemia is an economic problem and manganese effects in swine have not been fully defined. Gilt rations …

Amino Acid Supplementation Of Low Protein Layer Diets, Harlal Choudhury

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Experiments were conducted at the South Dakota State University Poultry Research Center to study the effects of amino acid supplementation of low protein diets on performance of laying type hens. Hans, housed in 8-inch cages, were fed at 24 weeks of age typical 16% protein corn-soy diets diluted with glucose to 10.8% protein and supplemented with 0.15% DL-methionine, 0.19% L-lysine and 0.04% DL-tryptophan. After about 20 weeks of depletion, supplements of 0.05 and 0.1% DL-threonine and DL-valine and 0.1% DL-isoleucine alone and in all combinations were fed for a further period of 16 weeks using a factorial design. Individual supplements …

Operant Conditioning In The Garter Snake (Thamnophis), William A. Schmitz

Masters Theses

Ten garter snakes were tested for runway acquisition, correct turn response in a simple T-maze, or both, for food reinforcement. Seven of seven subjects met criterion for learning to run a 23 inch long alleyway. Mean latency times showed a general decrease over a 23 day period. Five of nine subjects met criterion for learning a correct turn response in a simple T-maze. Subjects mastering the task required from 14-157 trials. One of two subjects met criterion for learning the reverse response of the T-maze exercise, requiring 35 trials. Results are similar to those previously reported for reptiles and other …

The Effects Of Chlorpropamide In Diets Of Gravid Gilts On Embryo Survival, Fetal Weight And Fetal And Dam Blood Sugar Levels, Duane E. Wachholz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Seventy-six primiparous, crossbred gilts averaging approximately 125 to 135 kg were used in a series of two experiments to determine the effects of chlorpropamide upon reproductive and blood criteria. The drug, fed at the rate of 1000 ppm (1816 mg per day) and 3000 ppm (5448 mg per day), was included in a 14% protein basal diet from the day following breeding until gilts were sacrificed after 60 or 95 days of gestation. The 515 fetuses collected from these gilts were used to obtain information about the effects of chlorpropamide on individual weights and blood glucose and fructose levels. Data …

Sheep Fertility In Western Australia, R J. Lightfoot

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Why do one-quarter of the ewes that are joined in W.A. fail to lamb? Sheep and Wool Adviser Dr. R. J. Lightfoot analyses the eight stages in sheep reproduction, explaining the causes and possible prevention of infertility at each stage.

Sephadex G-25 And Charcoal Separation Of Mouse Growth Inhibitors In Soybeans From Trypsin Inhibitors, Larry James Tidemann

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Rising costs have changes man’s ideals and eating habits. Plant ingredients, because of their relatively low costs, have been increasingly used as a substitute for animal proteins. If these plant ingredients could be directly utilized by man, this would be a more efficient use of energy and nutrients. One plant source currently used in such a manner is soybeans, which is a prime source of protein for human and livestock nutrition. However, soybeans contain several factors that are detrimental to man and livestock. Heating of soybeans counteracts these factors, since the undesirable factors are heat labile. However, heat alters the …

The Effect Of Level Of Dietary Protein On The Growth And Carcass Characteristics Of Growing-Finishing Swine Fed To A Heavy Weight, Keith E. Gilster

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Two hundred sixteen crossbred barrows and 96 crossbred gilts were used in a series of three experiments to determine the effect of dietary protein level during three different growth periods on growth am quantitative and qualitative carcass traits of the growing-finishing pig. Pigs were fed from approximately 20 to 113 kilograms. Corn-soybean meal diets fortified with recommended levels of vitamins, minerals and an antibiotic were fed. Pigs fed 20, 18 or 16% protein diets from weights of 20 to 45 kg gained both significantly faster and more efficiently than pigs fed diets of 12% protein. Feeding a low (12%) protein …

Levels Of Diethylstilbestrol And Types Of Protein Supplements In Ground Ear Corn Diets For Finishing Cattle, L. B. Embry

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1971

Results of numerous experiments have shown that diethylstilbestrol at 10 mg. daily in the feed of implanted at 30 to 36 mg. improves weight gains and feed efficiency of feedlot cattle. More recently it has been reported that feeding more than 10 mg. daily to heavier cattle results in further stimulation of weight gains and feed efficiency. Feeding of 20 mg. per head daily of diethylstilbestrol is now cleared for feedlot cattle above 750 lb.

Relative Position Of Farmer-Feeders In The Increasingly Competitive Cattle Feeding Business, D. G. Cox

South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1971

Farmer-feeders can potentially compete with anyone in the cattle feeding business. They have traditionally had many built-in advantages. By feeding the cattle on the farm where the grain and roughage are grown, drying, handling, shrinkage and transportation costs are reduced, and returns can be increased per acre by being able to market roughages and silages through cattle. In addition, there are fewer people obtaining a profit out of both the cattle and the feed when cattle are fed at the source of the feed. Another plus factor that will become increasingly important is that pollution is not as big a …