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The Aquatic Insects Of Mill Creek, California, Eugene J. Bisagno

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The study of insects has been a hobby for me for more than twenty years. Their diversity and adaptation to many habitats has been of particular interest. Ever since the removal of my first aquatic nymph from the crashing waters of the American River, I have been especially fascinated, with these insects. Since I had access to a relatively undisturbed year round stream, I chose to study the aquatic insects of this stream. The purpose of this study was to survey the aquatic insect fauna of Mill Creek during the course of a year and relate these findings to the …

Validation Of The Otolith Increment Aging Technique For Striped Bass, Morone Saxatilis, Larvae Reared Under Suboptimal Feeding Conditions, Cynthia Jones, Edward B. Brothers

OES Faculty Publications

Striped bass, Morone saxatilis, larvae were reared in the laboratory for 97 days to validate the otolith increment aging technique for this species. Otolith-increment deposition rates were determined under optimal laboratory conditions for growth and under three conditions of restricted feeding and using both light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Under optimal laboratory conditions. increments were deposited daily from the fourth day after hatching through the first 2 months of life and were discernible with the light microscope. For larvae reared under restricted feeding regimes and readings done with the light microscope, counts did not reflect true age. Counts …

Mortality Of White-Tailed Deer In Northeastern Minnesota, Michael E. Nelson, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Abstract: Two hundred nine white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were radiotracked in the central Superior National Forest, Minnesota, from 1973 through winter 1983-84; 85 deaths were recorded. Annual survival was 0.31 for fawns (<1.0 years old), 0.80 for yearling (1.0-2.0 years old) females, 0.41 for yearling males, 0.79 for adult (≥2.0 years old) females, and 0.47 for adult males. Monthly survival rates were high from May through December (0.94-1.00), except for yearling (0.60) and adult (0.69) bucks during the November hunting season. Most mortality occurred from January through April when gray wolf (Canis lupus) predation was an important mortality source for all cohorts. Yearlings males were most vulnerable to hunting and adult males to wolf predation.

Relationship Between Snow Depth And Gray Wolf Predation On White-Tailed Deer, Michael E. Nelson, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Abstract: Survival of 203 yearling and adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was monitored for 23,441 deer days from January through April 1975-85 in northeastern Minnesota. Gray wolf (Canis lupus)predation was the primary mortality cause, and from year to year during this period, the mean predation rate ranged from 0.00 to 0.29. The sum of weekly snow depths/month explained 51% of the variation in annual wolf predation rate, with the highest predation during the deepest snow.

Blarina Brevicauda, Sarah B. George, Jerry R. Choate, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Blarina Gray, 1838
Blarina Gray, 1838: 124. Type species Corsira (Blarina) talpoides Gray (=Sorex talpoides Gapper = Sorex brevicaudus Say), by original designation. Elevated to generic rank by Lesson, 1842:89.
Brachysorex Duvernoy, 1842:37-41. Type species Brachysorex brevicaudus Duvernoy (=Sorex brevicaudus Say), by original designation.
Talposorex Pomel, 1848:248. Type species Talposorex platyurus Pomel (=Sorex brevicaudus Say), by original designation. Anotus Wagner, 1855:550-55 1. Type species Sorex carolinensis Bachman, by original designation.

Effect Of Spring Grazing By Cattle On Growth And Survival Of Shrub Seedlings Interplanted In Crested Wheatgrass, Lynn M. Mcconville

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A short duration-high intensity grazing trial was conducted in spring of 1985 to determine whether shrub establishment in crested wheatgrass pastures could be enhanced through spring grazing by cattle, or by fertilization of shrub seedlings. Data was collected on diet selection by cattle during spring grazing, and on subsequent shrub growth and survival. Shrubs studied were transplants of sagebrush, Artemisia tridentata, fourwing saltbush, Atriplex canescens, bitterbrush, Purshia tridentata, and one year old bitterbrush seedlings.

Cattle did not browse sagebrush or fourwing saltbush transplants, but utilization of bitterbrush transplants and seedlings averaged 15 and 42 percent, respectively. Shrub …

Factors Affecting Puberty, Estrus And Ovulation In Corriedale And Criollo Sheep Of The Southern Peruvian Highlands, Pedro Walter Bravo Matheus

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This research was conducted at the La Raya experiment station, Cusco, Peru (4200 m elevation, 15°S latitude, and 70 °W longitude) using 60 Corriedale, and 60 Criollo ewes during three consecutive years (April 1981 - March 1984). Age, and weight at puberty, age at physical maturity, and the effects of breed, age (physically immature and mature), year, and month were measured on body weight, incidence of estrus, and incidence and rate of ovulation. There was a significant difference (P<.05) among breed, year, and the interactions for body weight at puberty. The mean age at puberty for 1982-83 was 693.6 days (23.1 months) for Corriedale and 483.3 days (16.1 months) for Criollo. The mean liveweight at puberty was 27.2 kg for Corriedale, and 25.3 kg for Criollo. Corriedale ewe lambs weighed more than Criollo, attained puberty seven months later than Criollo. At comparable age (15-17 months) at the Southern Peruvian Highlands 100 % of the Criollo reached puberty, compared to 58% of the Corriedale. Body weight, incidence of estrus and ovulation were affected (P<.01) by breed, age, year, month, and their interactions. Physical maturity was attained at 39 and 36 months of age for Corriedale, and Criollo, respectively. Weight changes during the year were associated with feed availability. The mean overall incidence of estrus was 45.4 % for Corriedale (43.6 in physically immature, and 47.2 % in mature ewes), and 67.1 % for Criollo ewes (66.3, in physically immature, and 68.7 % in mature ewes). The mean overall incidence of ovulation was 39.6 % for Corriedale (39.7, in physically immature, and 39.5 % in mature ewes), and 58.5 % for Criollo ewes (59.4, in physically immature and 56.7 % in mature ewes). Both breeds demonstrated seasonality of estrus and ovulation with the Corriedale being shorter than the Criollo. The incidence of ovulation in both breeds was less than that of estrus. The ovulation rate was 1.00 for Corriedale, and 1.03 for Criollo (P>.05). Even though Criollo ewes weighed less than Corriedale, they attained puberty earlier, and showed less seasonality in estrus and ovulated …

The Diet Of The Gopher Tortoise, Gopherus Polyphemus, In A Sandhill Habitat In Central Florida, Laurie Ann Macdonald

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Scat analysis and foraging observations were used to determine the diet of a gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus, population in a sandhill community in west central Florida. Live vegetation was assessed to determine plant availability. The bulk of the gopher tortoise diet was composed of the dominant plant species in the habitat while the tortoises were selective with respect to most plant genera. Tortoises ingested many plant taxa with Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Pinaceae and Fagaceae being the most frequent components of the diet. Sixty-eight genera from 26 families were identified in the tortoise diet. In the scat the most common …

1986 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Little International Agricultural Exposition South Dakota State University

Little International "Little I" Agricultural Exposition Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Variation In Piglet Weights: Relationship To Suckling Behavior, Parity Number And Farrowing Crate Design, David Fraser, B. K. Thompson

Ontogeny Collection

Suckling behavior and weight change of piglets were studied during the first 2 wk after birth. Thirty-six litters comprised a balanced comparison of parity number (first or second), litter size (8, 10 or 12), and two farrowing crate designs, one of which had a low horizontal bar that tended to impede the piglets' access to the udder. Piglets showed the expected preference for the anterior teats although the preference was more apparent in the second parity than in the first. Teat fidelity was most pronounced at the two ends of the udder; piglets occupying the middle positions did more fighting …

Effects Of Body Condition On Reproductive Performance Of Beef Cows, P.A. Momont, R.J. Pruitt

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

Cows were fed differing nutritional levels before and after calving to create a wide range of cow body condition or fleshiness prior t o calving and at the beginning of the breeding season. Cows that were fleshier prior t o calving and when turned on pasture in early May (30 days prior t o the beginning of the breeding season) had a higher cycling rate in early May, June and July. Cows maintaining or increasing slightly in body condition (precalving to early May) tended to have a higher cycling rate during the breeding season than cows which lost body condition …

The Release Of Insects Sterilized By Colbalt 60 To Control A Wild Population Of Stable Flies At The Sdsu Beef Cattle And Sheep Nutrition Unit In Brookings, Emmert R. Easton, Michael A. Catangui

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

Sterile stable flies were released weekly a t the SDSU Beef Cattle and Sheep Nutrition Unit at Brookings from July 24 through September during the summer 1986 season t o eliminate wild populations of insects. Flies that were sterilized were marked with a dye so when recaptured by an insect net or a sticky trap they could be differentiated from wild, normal or fertile flies. A trend toward reduced f l y numbers was observed 3 weeks following the first release. A 1:5 ratio of sterile to wild flies was achieved in 6 weeks.

Whey Ultrafiltration Permeate Products As Feeds For Steers, D.J. Schingoethe, D.G. Rollins, D.P. Casper, W.J. Costello

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

A field trial experiment was conducted using 50 steers t o evaluate the feeding value of the ultrafiltrated permeate of whey (UFP) and products made from additional processing of UFP. All steers were fed nutritionally balanced grain mixes and hay. Experimental diets were control (C), in which the grain mix contained primarily corn, oats and soybean meal; UFP fed as the only liquid; partially fermented permeate (PFP), which contained 10% dried yeast added to the ultrafiltrated permeate, fed as the only source of liquid; fermented ammoniated condensed permeate (FACP), which replaced soybean meal in the grain mix; and ammolac (AMM), …

Effects Of Level Of Energy Supplement In Early Winter And Level Protein After Calving On Beef Cows Grazing Native Range, R.J. Pruitt

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

Simmental-Angus crossbred cows grazing native range near Cottonwood, SD, were fed two precalving levels of energy supplement and two postcalving levels of protein supplement. Cow weight change and reproductive performance were similar for all treatments. Although calves from cows supplemented with higher levels of energy gained faster from birth to early May, gains to weaning were similar for all treatments.

Nonfat Dairy Coffee Whitener Made From Ultrafiltered Skimmilk Retentates, Rafael Jiménez-Flores, Frank V. Kosikowski

Dairy Science

Retentates of different protein concentrations obtained by ultrafiltration of skimmilk were freeze-dried and evaluated as nonfat dairy coffee whiteners. Blended in hot coffee the retentate whiteners containing added riboflavin gave a pH of 6.3-6.55, coffee whitening capacity comparable to a commercial nondairy coffee creamer, and acceptable dispersibility. The retentate nondairy whitener with optimum qualities contained 56% total protein, 0.5% fat, 31.0% carbohydrates, 1.92% calcium, and 27 mg sodium/100g.

Breed Use And Crossbreeding In Goat Production, Maurice Shelton

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

A large portion of the world's 400+ million head of goats cannot be identified as belonging to a specific breed or well defined genetic type. A common definition of a breed might be group of animals which are reasonably distinct and true breeding, can be identified by a name or term and which have an association to maintain and promote the breed. Of the latter requirement is dropped there would still be hundreds of breeds or genotypes of goats on a world basis. Certainly time, space and information available does not permit attempting to treat all of these in this …

Breeding Objectives And Selection Traits For Extensive Beef Cattle Production In The Tropics, D. J. S. Hetzel, G. W. Seifert

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Breeding objectives are largely determined by market requirements. In the tropics the overall breeding objective can be considered in terms of growth, reproductive rate, carcass quality, adaption and temperament. Growth rate is a simple efficient selection trait. Reasons why potential increases in mature size are not as disadvantageous as in temperate areas are discussed. Reproductive performance has been less important in harsh than benign environments because of the later age of turnoff and higher drought risk of fertile cows. Current market trends towards younger slaughter stock highlight the need to identify marker traits in bulls for cow fertility. Adaptive traits …

Comparison Of Five Dam Breeds Under Two Nutritional Environments, C. E. Thompson, S. G. Woods, S. E. Meadows

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Crossbreeding has become an accepted practice for beef cattle production. Hybrid vigor or heterosis of crosses among breed of English origin, such as Angus, Hereford and Shorthorn have been well documented. Crosses utilizing breeds of European and dairy breeding have not been well documented for beef production, particularly in the Southeastern part of the United States. As most of the Southeastern U.S. is heavily involved in one-calf programs an evaluation of crossbreds involving the use of British, European and dairy breeding is needed. This study is a portion of a comprehensive research project evaluating the performance of 5 dam breed …

Economic Evaluation Of Breeding Objectives For Milk And Beef Production In Tropical Environments, F. E. Madalena

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

The influence of some elements of tropical milk production systems on breeding objectives is discussed. Expansion of demand for milk and meat should be expected from increased population and income growth. Relative commercial value of milk fat may be strongly influenced by government policies regulating to proportion of liquid milk consumed. Calf production is an integral part of cow performance under the common practices of hand milking and suckling. Milk letdown may be an important trait for milking in modern dairy parlours. Experimental economic evaluations have referred mainly to comparisons of breeds and crosses, indicating that European × zebu crosses …

Evaluation And Utilization Of Tropical Breeds For Efficient Beef Production In The Tropics: Challenges And Opportunities, Assefaw Tewolde

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Crossbreeding results between tropical breeds and European beef breeds as well as within breed (mainly Zebu) genetic variability for some economically important traits is reviewed. Heterosis of between 9% to 11% has been reported for preweaning growth rate, 2% to 11% for postweaning and carcass traits as well as up to 15% for reproduction related traits in crosses involving Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle. Maximum heterosis was observed in crosses involving Zebu and Criollo cattle, both well adapted to the tropics. Within breed genetic parameter estimates under tropical conditions are still scanty. Based on the production environment and after …

Feed Intake Specifications In Defining Breeding Objectives, D. R. Notter

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Development of selection objectives for beef cattle requires consideration of the available feed resources. In production systems with access to liberal quantities of harvested feeds of relatively high quality, selection to improve economic efficiency will normally favor animals with high genetic potentials for the primary production traits. However, these highly productive types may also have relatively high maintenance requirements and be less efficient when nutrient restrictions prevent expression of genetic differences in appetite. This, important genotype × environment interactions may be observed. In range environments, animals may be restricted in the amount of forage that can be harvested. These restrictions …

Heterosis On Body Weights In Crosses Among Brahman, Santa Gertrudis And Cheju Native Cattle, D. H. Baik, D. C. Kim

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Data obtained from 428 calves (59 Cheju native cattle, 60 Brahman, 40 Santa Gertrudis and 269 crossbreds) were analyzed to estimate main effects of environmental factors and heterosis. Mating type, sex of calf, and year of birth were significant sources of variation on most of the weights at preweaning and postweaning periods. Brahman x Cheju native cattle cross showed heterosis of 6.1% on birth weight. Maternal heterosis on weaning weight was 4.9% in Brahman back-crosses and 12.3% in Santa Gertrudis backcrosses.

Genetic Engineering Of Livestock Improvement, Gordon E. Dickerson

World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production: 3rd (1986)

Genetic engineering requires clearly defined objectives, adequate genetic variability and effective methods of selection. In a given production-marketing System, relative importance of genetic change in alternative traits can be estimated from expected effects on cost per unit of output, using available biological and economic information. Diversity among existing breeds and their crosses is a primary and quickly usable genetic resource, and its management for future needs is a public concern. Better physiological and biochemical understanding of the genetic controls of animal development and function is important to permit more effective selection for efficiency of animal production under diverse environments. Long-term …

Satellite Remote Sensing And Fisheries Applications, Holly M. Turton

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Satellite remote sensing has the capacity to aid the three major components of a fishery: research, management, and the fishing industry. An evaluation of the potential of satellite-derived data to the fishery is based upon six case studies which are presented as evidence of the capabilities of satellite-borne sensors. Peripheral applications pertaining to the marine environment and possible applications for the future are reviewed. Three basic categories of remote sensing programs related to the fishery are defined: one to test the applicability of the technology to the field of fisheries; another to employ the technology to fisheries research; and a …

Investment Opportunities In The Nigerian Fishing Industry, Ayotunde M. Giwa

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The major problem facing the Nigerian fishing industry is in its inability to satisfy the demand for tasty yet inexpensive animal protein. Nigeria's marine biological resources are limited and the Gulf of Guinea is among the poorest in the whole of West Africa. Nigeria's population is estimated to have reached about 100 million and is growing at 3.09 per cent per annum. Nigeria's fishing industry is multi-sectoral and composed of the riverine, lake, coastal, estuarine, and culture fisheries. Together they constituted about 1.5 per cent of the GDP in 1976. Up to the present moment, the National has relied on …

Columnaris Disease Of Fishes, G. L. Bullock, T. C. Hsu, E. B. Shotts Jr.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Columnaris disease is an acute to chronic bacterial infection that affects anadromous salmonids and virtually all species of warmwater fishes. Davis (1922), who first described the disease, named it columnaris because the causal bacterial cells seen in wet mounts of affected gills and fins were arranged in columnar aggregations. Ordal and Rucker (1944) were the first to isolate the causal organism and, based on cellular morphology, identified it as a myxobacterium. Organisms classified in the order Myxobacterales are long, thin gram-negative rods that are motile on agar media by a creeping or flexing motion. They have a life cycle composed …

1986 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extention Service, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Beef Report, 1986

We are pleased to present this, our first annual SDSU BEEF REPORT. It is a compilation of research reports and applied information relating especially to the beef cattle industry. The papers included in this report have been prepared by SDSU research and extension scientists, not only in the Department of Animal and Range Sciences, but also in Chemistry, Economics, Dairy Science, Plant Science and Veterinary Science. Since some of the projects from which results are reported are still in progress, the preliminary nature of the results should be recognized. For the reader's convenience, the articles included are grouped by specific …

Seventh Biennial Cheese Industry Conference, Various Authors

Cheese Industry Conference

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Adding Fat To The Sow Lactation Diet On Lactation And Rebreeding Performance, G. C. Shurson, M. G. Hogberg, N. Defever, S. V. Radecki, E. R. Miller, Win Butler

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

One-hundred-three multiparous sows were randomly assigned to one of two lactation diets containing either no supplemental animal fat (C) or 10% added fat (F) during two seasons, summer (S) and winter (W), in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Sows were placed on their respective dietary treatments 1 wk prior to farrowing and were fed these diets ad libitum throughout the 28-d lactation period. Weekly feed intake and total feed intake were not affected by diet or season, while weekly metabolizable energy (ME) intake tended to be higher during wk 1 and 3, and was higher (P<.04) during wk 2 for sows fed diet F. Sow weight loss from farrowing to 21 d of lactation and to weaning (28 d) were unaffected by diet or season. Average pig birth weight was .15 kg higher (P<.O1) for pigs born during S compared with those born in W. Sows receiving diet F had heavier litters at 21 d (P<.01) and heavier average pig 21-d weights (P<.O1). This was primarily due to the 13.1% increase (P<.04) in estimated milk yield and the higher fat concentration (P<.O01) of milk consumed by the pigs nursing sows fed diet F. Interval between weaning and re-breeding was shortened by 5.9 d (P<.01) for sows during W than during S, and tended to be lower for sows fed diet F (7.3 d) compared with that of sows fed diet C (9.7 d). Farrowing percentage was unaffected by diet but tended to be increased during W (78.9%) compared with S (65.1%). No differences between mason or diet were noted on number of pigs born or number of pigs born alive in the subsequent parity. No diet • season interactions were observed, except for crude protein concentration of sow's milk, which was higher in milk from sows fed diet C during season W (P<.04).

Grazing And Management Of Saltland Shrubs, C V. Malcolm, J. E. Pol

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

areas of bare saltland on farms need not be unproductive etesores. Many Western Australian farmers are now successfully growing salt-tolerant or halophytic shrubs such as bluebush (Maireana brevifolia), saltbushes (Atriplex spp.) and samphires (Halosarcia spp.) on these areas.

Department of agriculture trials and farmers' experience indicate that if saltland is planted with recommended shrubs, it can provide two months' valuable grazing for sheep during autumn and early winter, a time when paddock feed is scarce. Research by the Department has also identified a range of salt-tolerant shrubs suited to the various types of saltland.

Grazing trials to …