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8th Biennial Cheese Industry Conference, Various Authors

Cheese Industry Conference

No abstract provided.

Anabolic Steroids And Implants In Feedlot Steers, Bruce B. Schanbacher, John Brethour

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Profit from livestock production is affected by daily liveweight gain, cost of gain, and feed conversion efficiency. Young beef calves are recognized as suitable converters of forages and grains into wholesome red meat, but constraints to maximum production efficiency are recognized. While their growth and development are often discussed in light of genetic potential, nutritional requirements, and environmental constraints, administration of anabolic agents to maximize their gains is a common practice. Several implants are available to the cattle industry as growth promotants; some of these contain steroids of gonadal origin while others are nonsteroidal.

Steroids secreted by the testes are …

Current Concepts For Understanding Ovarian Follicular Growth And Function In Cattle, Leon J. Spicer, Sherrill E. Echternkamp

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Ovarian follicular development in cattle during either the estrous cycle or postpartum anestrus is not presently well understood. Although several investigators have suggested that follicular development is continuous, the notion that follicular growth occurs in waves still persists. A better understanding of bovine folliculogenesis is required to solve beef production problems such as prolonged postpartum infertility and variable responses to superovulation and estrous synchronization treatments. Therefore, research was conducted at U.S. Meat Animal Research Centerand results compared with earlier studies to explain follicular growth and function in cattle during postpartum anestrus.

Microbial Decontamination And Weight Of Carcass Beef As Affected By Automated Washing Pressure And Length Of Time Of Spray, John D. Crouse, Maynard E. Anderson, H. Donald Naumann

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Carcass beef has traditionally been washed by hand to remove foreign material such as hair, soil particles, and microbiological organisms that have contaminated the surfaces. These carcasses are inspected by the Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS)to detect defects related to carcass cleanliness. Recent research and development of technology have emphasized automated machine washing.

At pressures above that normally used, it is conceivable that water could penetrate tissue surfaces and be absorbed by the carcasses. Also, longer wash periods may enhance water uptake by carcasses. According to the ASH RAE Handbook and Product Directory, the average shrinkage of carcass beef using …

More Lean, Less Fat With Clenbuterol, Joan H. Eisemann, Gerald B. Huntington, Calvin L. Ferrell

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

There is too much fat on beef carcasses today. Research in beef cattle production is directed towards solving this problem by maximizing partitioning of dietary nutrients to lean muscle growth and minimizing deposition of carcass fat. Partitioning agents called β - adrenergic agonists are able to cause this type of nutrient partitioning. Earlier work showed two of these compounds, clenbuterol and cimaterol, can be fed and are effective in many species including pigs, sheep, and cattle. At levels that did not depress gain, clenbuterol feeding increased protein content of the 9th to 11th rib section by 13% and decreased fat …

Influence Of Biological Types On Energy Requirements, Calvin L. Ferrell, Thomas G. Jenkins

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Since the introduction of new germ plasm resources into the U.S. beginning in the early 1960's, the influence of biological types on various aspects of beef production have been evaluated extensively. Traits studied include preweaning calf performance, postweaning growth and feed efficiency, carcass characteristics, puberty and other reproductive characteristics, and milk production, to name a few. In general, however, most of the research efforts have concentrated on the areas involving the growing animal and/or its carcass characteristics. That is, output characteristics of the various biological types of cattle have been of primary interest to researchers. Much less effort has been …

Twinning In Cattle, Keith E. Gregory, Sherrill E. Echternkamp, Gordon E. Dickerson, Larry V. Cundiff, Robert M. Koch

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Why an interest in twinning in cattle?

. More than one-half of the feed units used by the national beef herd are needed to meet maintenance requirements of the reproducing female population.

. The beef cow is capable of producing about .7 of her body weight per year in progeny market weight.

. The sow is capable of producing more than 8 times her body weight per year in progeny market weight.

. The meat type hen is capable of producing more than 70 times her body weight per year in progeny market weight.

. The channel catfish female is …

Relationship Of Visceral Components Of Mature Cows As Related To Lactation Potential And Possible Effects On Productivity, Thomas G. Jenkins, Calvin L. Ferrell, Larry V. Cundiff

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Production output characteristics for cows of breeds or breed crosses varying in genetic potential for growth rate, mature size, and lactation have been previously reported. These differences among breeds were reported for characteristics associated with output potential (e.g., gestation length, calving difficulty, calf crop weaned, and for wt at birth, weaning, and at puberty). We have reported differences among nonpregnant, nonlactating mature cows of breed crosses varying in genetic potential for mature size and lactation yield for dry matter required for weight stasis and metabolizable energy (ME) required for zero body energy change. We have reported significant differences among various …

Nutritional Value Of Anaerobically Fermented Beef Cattle Wastes As A Feed Ingredient For Livestock, Ronald L. Prior, Andrew G. Hashimoto, John D. Crouse

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Waste is produced in large quantities in cattle feedlots, and this is a potential environmental pollutant. Recycling of feedlot waste as livestock feed has been investigated extensively as one means of lowering the disposable waste load. Refeeding fresh manure will only partially alleviate waste disposal problems. In one study, only about one-half of the manure collected daily could be refed, and the remainder was discarded.

Currently, there is increased interest in the development of a microbial process for recycling and utilizing feedlot wastes. Commercial digestors are in operation. In some of these systems, the potential exists for capturing methane as …

Beef Research Program Progress Report No. 3 (1988): Table Of Contents

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

ROMAN L. HRUSKA U.S. MEAT ANIMAL RESEARCH CENTER,Robert R. Oltjen .... iv

General Interest

Beef facilities and management: Margaret S. McAlhany, W. Gordon Hays, and Gary S. Ross .... 1

Genetics and Breeding

Germ Plasm Evaluation in cattle: Larry V. Cundiff, Robert M. Koch, and Keith E. Gregory .... 3

Breeding for lean beef (Germ Plasm Evaluation Program): Larry V. Cundiff, Michael E. Dikeman, Robert M. Koch, John D. Crouse, and Keith E. Gregory .... 5

Germ Plasm Utilization in beef cattle: Keith E. Gregory, Larry V. Cundiff, and Robert M. Koch .... 9

Individual heterosis effects on mature size …

Cereal Straw And Stubble For Sheep Feed, E M. Aitchison

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Many farmers in Western Australia run sheep in addition to their cropping programmes. The resulting cereal straws and stubbles are therefore important as sheep feed during summer and autumn. During this period the diet must provide sufficient energy to maintain liveweight, but additional energy and protein may be required for young stock and pregnant or lactating ewes, and to reduce problems from tender wool.

The Stallion: Breeding Soundness Examination & Reproductive Anatomy, Equine Section, Department Of Animal Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

A breeding soundness exam of a stallion includes not only examination of various seminal characteristics, but also, the evaluation of the stallion’s physical condition and his ability to perform in the breeding shed. The physical examination should include evaluation of the locomotor system, including muscular, skeletal and neurological factors, as well as the stallion’s visual function.

The most reliable measure of fertility in a stallion is the pregnancy rate he obtains when bred to mares of normal fertility under ideal management. Most stallions selected for evaluation include those about to be, or recently, purchased, those about to enter the breeding …

What Are The Costs Of Running Goats?, P P. Eckersley

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

No abstract provided.

An Evaluation Of Cattle Types For The East Kimberley, David Pratchett, Mick Carrick, Stuart Young

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The first cattle to be introduced to Western Australia's Kimberley region arrived at Ord River Station in 1884, after Nathaniel Buchanan had walked 4000 head of Shorthorn cattle overland from Queensland, on behalf of the owners, Osmond and Panton.

In the early years of the Kimberley pastoral industry the virgin pastures allowed stock numbers to increase rapidly. Little consideration was given to stock or rangeland management, or to whezther other types of cattle could be raised for improved production.

The Department of Agriculture started a comprehensive trail at Ord Regeneration Research Station (previously Ord River Station) in 1980 to evaluate …

Nutrition Of The Performance Horse, Equine Section, Department Of Animal Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

In today’s industry where seconds mean the difference between 1st and “also ran” at the track, our equine athletes must retain a competitive edge. Renewed interest in research about the performance horse’s nutrient needs has allowed horsemen to feed the athletic horse more scientifically than ever before to maintain that edge. Horses can be selected, bred, managed and fed as athletes. However, because knowing the horse’s individuality and nutrient needs is very important, the horseman’s skill in feeding the horse will never be totally replaced, no matter how precise the feeding recommendations.

Nutrition Of The Broodmare, Equine Section, Department Of Animal Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

Feeding horses has long been considered an art passed down from generation to generation. However, recent advances are rapidly making horse nutrition a more precise science. Research in horse nutrition has provided valuable information on the nutrient needs of all classes of horses.

In feeding broodmares, you must consider several important factors:

• nutrient requirements of the particular class of horse being fed,

• physiological events involved in pregnancy,

• nutrient content of the feed,

• physiological limitations to certain rations.

Relationships Among Calcium-Dependent Protease, Cathepsins B And H, Meat Tenderness And The Response Of Muscle To Aging, Chris R. Calkins, S. C. Seideman

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

This study was conducted to compare the relative importance of Ca-dependent protease (CDP) and cathepsins B and H to meat tenderness and changes in tenderness in response to postmortem cooler aging. Charolais bulls (n = 8) and steers (n = 7) were slaughtered at 15 mo of age, and total activities of CDP-I (a protease with neutral pH optimum that requires micromolar amounts of Ca for activity) and cathepsins B and H (lysosomal proteases with acidic pH optima) were determined within 1 h. Shear-force values were obtained after 1, 3, 6, 9 and 14 d of aging. Data were pooled …

Escape Protein Supplementation Of Yearling Steers Grazing Smooth Brome Pastures, S. J. Anderson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, V. Wilkerson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two grazing trials utilizing individually supplemented yearling steers were conducted to study the effect of supplemental escape protein on steer performance during the active growth periods, spring and fall, of smooth brome (Bromus inermis). Graded levels (0, .11, .23 and .34 kg x head^-1 x d^-1) of an equal-protein-basis mixture of bloodmeal and corn gluten meal were offered daily, replacing corn starch, which was used as the negative control. All steers received 582 g supplemental dry matter per day. Supplementation with escape protein improved daily performance in both spring (P<.01) and fall (P<.02). Analysis of pooled data from both trials indicated a linear (P<.01) and quadratic (P<.05) increase in steer performance with increasing level of escape protein in the diet. Analysis of grass samples collected throughout and composited over each trial demonstrated that grass protein was highly degraded in the rumen. Using a modified dacron bag technique, 12-h degradability was found to be 80 to 90% of the potentially digestible protein fraction. Rates of protein degradability were 14 and 11.7%/h. Assuming 5%/h rate of passage, escape protein was calculated to be 9.2 and 13.1% of total protein. As a result of the significant growth response observed above that of the energy-supplemented controls and the high ruminat protein degradabilities of the grass observed in the laboratory, it was concluded that growing ruminants grazing actively growing smooth brome pastures were deficient in metabolizable protein.

Lactational Evaluation Of Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin With Corn And Barley Diets, Wade Arthur Eisenbeisz

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Forty-eight Holstein cows were randomly assigned wk 3 postpartum to a corn or barley diet from wk 4 through 44 postpartum. Cows within diets at wk 14 were randomly assigned to receive 0 (control), 10.3, 20.6, and 30.9 mg/hd/d of recombinant bovine somatotropin injected wk 15 through 44 postpartum. Forage dry matter was 80% corn silage and 20% alfalfa hay. Forage to concentrate ratio in total mixed diets varied from 50:50 to 70:30 with milk production. For the entire lactation, milk production of (29.7 and 29.1 kg/d) and 4% FCM (27.3 and ·25.9 kg/d) was lower for cows fed barley …

Invertebrates Associated With The Pincushion Moss (Leucobryum Glaucum) And Underlying Soil, Timothy R. Leffler

Masters Theses

A faunal study of soil invertebrates collected from pincushion moss (Leucobryum glaucum) and underlying soil in a mixed deciduous forest of Charleston, Illinois, was performed because it was discovered that moss habitats have been largely overlooked by investigators.

The results from this study suggest that moss habitats provide a buffer area from the external physical environment, provide protection from predators, a place for oviposition and may be used as a food source. Twenty-seven orders of invertebrates were collected (66,023 individuals). Acarina (57.9%) and Collembola (37.9%) made up the majority of the invertebrate population. Three abiotic factors (temperature, moisture …

A Stereotaxic Atlas Of The Brain Of The Chick (Gallus Domesticus), Wayne J. Kuenzel, Manju Masson

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Nine brains taken from chicks two weeks of age were used for the development of this atlas. Each chick was first anesthetized with an intravenous (IV) injection of Chloropent2 (1.8 ml/kg). Chicks were then perfused via the heart with 90 ml physiological saline followed by 90 ml Heidenhain's3 solution. Each head was then positioned in a stereotaxic instrument as described in the previous section and three stainless steel (SS) insect pins (#2) were implanted in each brain at known coordinates. In the case of the brains used to construct the cross- sectional atlas plates, two pins were implanted horizontal to …

Looking At Lupins - Lupin Management In The South Eastern Wheatbelt, W. L. Smart, M. M. Ralph, J. M. Liddle, R.. D. Ramm, C. J. Robinson, E. W. Armstrong

Grain and other field crops research reports

In the past couple of years research into lupins has increased substantially particularly in the fields of weed control, seeding rates, and control of diseases such as brown leaf spot and pleiochaeta root rot. This report is a summary of the lupin trials in the Lake Grace advisory area as well as a guide to better lupin farming.

Pheasants: Symptoms Of Wildlife Problems On Agricultural Lands: Proceedings Of A Symposium Held At The 49th Midwest Fish And Wildlife Conference (Milwaukee, Wisconsin: December 8, 1987), Diana L. Hallett, William R. Edwards, George V. Burger

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Conference Proceedings

100 years of ringnecks: An historical perspective on pheasants in North America, George V. Burger

Distribution and abundance of the ring-necked pheasant in North America, Robert B. Dahlgren

Federal pheasants-Impact of federal agricultural programs on pheasant habitat, 1934-1985, Alfred H. Berner

Wildlife ppportunities within federal agricultural programs, Stephen J. Brady and Rex Hamilton

The dynamics of pheasant Abundance During the transition of intensive row-cropping in Illinois, Stanley L. Etter, Richard E. Warner, G. Blair Joselyn, and John E. Warnock

Habitat management: How well do we recognize the pheasant facts of life? Richard E. Warner

A population model as an aid …

Wpa News 18 (1987), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (December 1987), number 18

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Lake Mead Prefertilization Study: Preliminary Nutrient Enhancement Studies In Lake Mead, Richard P. Axler, Larry J. Paulson, Patrick J. Sollberger, Donald H. Baepler, U.S. Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

Studies conducted by the University of Nevada-Las Vegas (UNLV), the Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW), the Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD), The Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP), and the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) have identified decreased algal production as a major factor involved in the decline of the Lake Mead sport fishery. Phosphorus-laden silt particles in the Colorado River have been sedimenting out in Lake Powell since the completion of Glen Canyon Dam 286 miles upstream in 1963. This sharp decrease in phosphorus loading to Lake Mead (>5000 tons per year) has resulted in decreased …

Animal Science Newsletter, Fall 1987

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Contents:

Animal Science Newsletter,

New Animal Science Complex Construction

IANR Open House Oct. 8, 1987

Faculty and Staff News

Calendar of Events

New Faculty

Faculty Retirement

Block and Bridle Club

Nebraska’s Integrated Reproductive Management (IRM) Program

Death

New Thrust in Forage Analysis and Utilization

County Fair Livestock Judging Clinic – March 23-25, 1988

Judging Teams Have a Successful Year

Animal Science Newsletter, Fall 1987

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Contents:

Animal Science Newsletter,

New Animal Science Complex Construction

IANR Open House Oct. 8, 1987

Faculty and Staff News

Calendar of Events

New Faculty

Faculty Retirement

Block and Bridle Club

Nebraska’s Integrated Reproductive Management (IRM) Program

Death

New Thrust in Forage Analysis and Utilization

County Fair Livestock Judging Clinic – March 23-25, 1988

Judging Teams Have a Successful Year

Use Of Woody Vegetation By Beavers In Southeastern Virginia, John L. Echternach, Robert K. Rose

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Nonbreeding and sometimes transient beavers, Castor canadensis, cut a variety of woody plants throughout the year during a 15-month study at three sites in southeastern Virginia. Ten species of trees were cut in proportions greater than would be expected according to their availabilities. Beavers heavily used viburnum, alder, ironwood, bayberry, tulip poplar, and dogwood. Winter food caches were constructed but were only lightly used.

Low-Fat Dairy Coffee Whitener, Frank V. Kosikowski, Rafael Jiménez-Flores

Dairy Science

A coffee whitener composition made from decreamed milk ultrafiltration retentate having its protein concentrated between about 2:1 to about 4:1 compared to the protein content of the starting milk and a minor whitening power enhancing amount is added in the form of riboflavin (a vitamin) and beta carotene (a vitamin pre-cursor) or a mixture thereof. The composition is usually in powdered form and is high in protein, low in fat and sodium and reduced in lactose and its high protein enhanced as described provided a low-fat dairy coffee whitening function approximately equal to non-diary coffee creamers.

Analysis Of The Water-Quality Standards Proposed By The Nevada Division Of Environmental Protection, City Of Las Vegas, Nevada

Publications (WR)

The Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (DEP) has proposed water-quality standards, applicable to Las Vegas Bay and Lake Mead, for (1) chlorophyll, (2) un-ionized ammonia, and (3) pH.

We have concluded that the proposed standards are unlikely to protect or improve water quality in Lake Mead. The proposed chlorophyll standard:

May harm the fishery. Lakes with more chlorophyll have greater fish production.

Will not improve clarity. Chlorophyll concentrations above 30 ug/1 have little effect on clarity.

Will not protect against scums or dominance by blue-green algae. Lake Mead shows no consistent relationship between chlorophyll and scums or blue-green dominance.

Will …