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1990-1991 Annual Report, Various Authors

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

1990-1991 Dairy Digest, South Dakota State University Dairy Club

Dairy Digest

No abstract provided.

Project Reports, Various Authors

Other Documents

No abstract provided.

C. R. Henderson: Farm Boy, Athlete, And Scientist, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Charles R. Henderson was proud to be a product of a farm in Page County, Iowa. He was a one man track team in Coin, Iowa, and a brilliant student. He became a world class competitor in track at Iowa State College and, at the same time, compiled a top academic record. His early experiences set the stage for the exceptional contributions of his animal breeding career, which did not begin until he was nearly 40 yr of age, but which spanned 40 yr when he was the acknowledged leader in development of statistical methodology applied to animal breeding. His …

Use Of A Simulation Model To Evaluate The Influence Of Reproductive Performance And Management Decisions On Net Income In Beef Production, L. A. Werth, S. M. Azzam, Merlyn K. Nielsen, J. E. Kinder

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A stochastic dynamic model of reproduction and a deterministic cow-herd economic simulation model were used to evaluate how management decisions and reproductive performance interact to influence net income in a cow-calf operation (1,000 cows) for 1 yr of production. The stochastic model was used to determine herd performance when length of breeding season (45, 70, or 120 d) interacted with three postpartum intervals of an estrus (48, 65, or 90 d) and three conception rates at first service (60, 70, or 80%). Short, moderate, and long postpartum intervals were used to reflect differences in reproductive performance. In addition, replacement heifers …

Survey Of The Damage Caused To Trees By Goats, Steve Gherardi, Dick Mills, Tim Johnson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The damage that goats can cause to trees is one of the major problems associated with their farming in the agricultural areas of Australia. It is also considered one of the main hindrances to the development of the goat industry. The Department of Agriculture s Goat Industry Development Unit surveyed mohair and cashmere producers to determine the prevalence of tree damage and its extent and severity; why producers believed goats damaged trees; and how producers minimised or prevented this damage.

Animal Production From Tagasaste Growing In Deep Sands In A 450 Mm Winter Rainfall Zone, Chris Oldham, Greg Allen, Peter Moore, Bruce Mattinson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In 1985, Martindale Pty Ltd, Sir James McCusker's family company, signed a unique research contract with Professor David Lindsay of the University of Western Australia. The aim of the Martindale Research Project was to study ways of increasing farm productivity in the sheep-wheat zone of south-western Australia. A primary focus was the high cost of grain or hay used to fill the autumn feed gap in grazing systems.

However, it was not clear how or if tagasaste might be economically used to replace the grain and/or hay traditionally fed by hand to sheep and cattle in autumn.

Supplementary Feeding Of Weaner Sheep At Esperance, Julian Gardner, Peter Doyle

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Cereal grains, particularly barley, have been the usual supplement fed to weaner sheep during summer and autumn along Western Australia's south coast. This area is a major barley producer, and weather-damaged and other feed quality grain have a ready use. High protein lupin seed, and to a lesser extent silage, have gained wide acceptance recently as alternative supplements. This article discusses the results of the first two of a series of supplementary feeding experiments at Esperance Downs Research Station.

Feeding Value Of Grain Sorghum For The Lactating Sow, G. F. Louis, A. J. Lewis, E. R. Peo, Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of a corn-soybean meal (CSBM) and a sorghum-soybean meal (S-SBM) diet on reproductive performance and nutrient utilization by sows. In Exp. 1,75 sows (39 gilts; 36 primiparous) were fed either a C-SBM or a S-SBM gestation diet from breeding to d 109, On d 110, sows were assigned to lactation diets; half of the sows from each dietary treatment were assigned to a lactation diet based on the opposite grain. Sow weight change from d 54 to farrowing was greater (P < .06) for sows fed S-SBM than for sows fed C-SBM. There was no difference (P > SO) in weight change of sows during lactation. Feed consumption during …

Wpa News 31 (1991), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (January 1991), number 31

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Getting The Best Out Of Weaner Sheep In The Eastern Wheatbelt, Sally Revell

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A study of the growth of Merino weaner flocks over summer and autumn in Western Australia 's eastern wheatbelt during 1989 and 1990 has identified efficient weaner management strategies, and provided a basis for future research and extension needs of this area. The average liveweight of several weaner flocks was unexpectedly low at the start of summer. Weaner flocks may need to be supplemented before the start of summer to prevent undue weight loss at this time.

Veterinary Consultancy Boosts Piggery Profits, Ashley Mercy

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A pilot Pig Herd Health Management Scheme co-ordinated by the Department of Agriculture has stimulated much increased involvement of veterinarians in the Western Australian pig industry. Co-ordinated by Ashley Mercy, principal veterinary officer (epidemiology) horn 1985 to 1989, the scheme demonstrated the value of having regular visits from veterinary consultants and in implementing programs to prevent disease and production problems occurring in herds.

The Effect Of Cimaterol And Its Withdrawal On Carcass Composition And Meat Tenderness Of Broiler Chickens, B. L. Gwartney, Chris R. Calkins, Steven J. Jones

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

To examine the effects of cimaterol (CIM) and its withdrawal on meat tenderness and carcass composition, 214-old broiler chickens (n = 288) were randomly assigned to one of nine treatments. For Treatments 1 through 6, bids were fed a control diet or a diet containing 1 ppm CIM until slaughter at 35, 42, or 49 d of age. Treatments 7 and 8 consisted of birds fed the CIM diet for 14 d and then withdrawn from CIM for either 7 or 14 d before slaughter (42 or 49 d of age). In Treatment 9, birds were fed the CIM diet …

Amino Acid And Energy Interrelationships In Pigs Weighing 20 To 50 Kilograms: Weight And Efficiency Of Weight Gain, L. I. Chiba, A. J. Lewis, E. R. Peo, Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The relationships between dietary amino acids and DE for pigs weighing 20 to 50 kg were investigated in two experiments

Amino Acid And Energy Interrelationships In Pigs Weighing From 20 To 50 Kilograms: Rate And Efficiency Of Protein And Fat Deposition, L. I. Chiba, A. J. Lewis, E. R. Peo, Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the relationships between amino acids and DE for pigs weighing 20 to 50 kg. In Exp. 1, there were three dietary lysine levels that were either adjusted (1.50, 2.35 and 3.20 g/Mcal DE) for five DE levels (3.00 to 4.00 Mcal/kg) or unadjusted (.45, .71 and .%% of the diet) for three DE levels (3.50 to 4.00 Mcal/kg). In Exp. 2, diets containing six 1ysine:DE ratios (1.90 to 3.90 g/Mcal) at two DE levels (3.25 and 3.75 Mcal/kg) were fed. Pigs were housed individuiiy, and could eat and drink ad libitum. When pigs weighed …

Effects Of Breeding Season Length And Calving Season On Range Beef Cow Productivity, Gene H. Deutscher, J. A. Stotts, Merlyn K. Nielsen

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A 5-yr study was conducted beginning in 1983 with 460 cows to evaluate the effects of three breeding seasons (30,45, and 70 d in length) and two times of spring calving, March (early) and April (late), on cattle production under Nebraska Sandhills range conditions. Criteria evaluated included pregnancy and weaning percentages, calving date and distribution, cow weights and body condition at four intervals, calf birth and weaning weights, and cow productivity. The 30-d breeding season included a 10-d estrus synchronization and AI period; in the other breeding seasons only natural breeding was used. The same sires were used over the …

Influence Of Growth Rate And Exposure To Bulls On Age At Puberty In Beef Heifers, M. S. Roberson, M. W. Wolfe, T. T. Stumpf, L. A. Werth, Andrea S. Cupp, N. Kojima, P. L. Wolfe, Roger J. Kittok, J. E. Kinder

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two experiments were conducted to test the following hypotheses: 1) exposure of beef heifers to sterile bulls increases the proportion of heifers attaining puberty by 14 mo of age and 2) rate of growth interacts with bull exposure to influence age at puberty in beef heifers. In Exp. I, heifers were assigned to one of two treatments: 1) heifers were exposed to bulls (BE approximately 70-d period of exposure) or 2) heifers were isolated from bulls (NE) and served as controls. In Exp. 11, heifers were assigned to either BE or NE treatments (175-d period of exposure to bulls) and …

Phomopsis-Resistant Lupin Stubbles As Feed For Weaner Sheep, Colin Mcdonald, Keith Croker, Jeremy Allen

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The breeding of sweet, narrow-leafed lupins with increased resistance to Phomopsis leptostromiformis, the fungus that causes lupinosis in sheep, is a breakthrough for the summer nutrition of weaner sheep. The new resistant varieties, Gungurru for the medium (325 to 450 mm) rainfall areas and Yorrel for low rainfall areas (less than 325 mm), were released by the Department of Agriculture in 1988.

This article discusses progress in a four-year project which is examining liveweight and wool production of weaners grazing Gungurru stubbles.

Reproductive Performance Of Female White-Tailed Deer On Holla Bend National Wildlife Refuge, Thomas A. Nelson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Aspects of the reproductive biology of female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on Holla Bend National Wildlife Refuge were investigated by examining the reproductive tracts of 121 deer harvested during the 1985-90 archery seasons. The presence of corpora albicantia in yearlings suggested that 27% of female fawns conceived, producing a mean of 1.0 ova/breeding fawn. Pregnancy rates among yearlings and adults averaged 94% and 97%, respectively. Ovulation rates averaged 1.4 and 2.0 ova/female among yearlings and adults. Some females were ovulating in early-October, but the earliest conceptions occurred during the last week of October. The peak breeding period for yearlings and …

Farm Management Memo - Advice To Help Farming Through The Rural Downturn, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Farm Systems and Economics published reports

Historically, commodity prices cycle between a "boom and a bust" every few years. Farmers are often able to adjust their operations to reduce the impact of a downturn in commodity prices by:

• Increasing efficiency through reducing or maintaining input costs while maintaining or increasing production levels.

• Maximising returns through seeking price premiums on commodities (protein, noodle quality, finer wool, increased clean wool yield).

• Reducing overhead costs

• Seeking cheaper finance or refinancing costly loans

• Careful planning and management with a high degree of attention to detail.

• Seeking advice

Sterol Composition Of The Corn Root Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus Agilis, And Corn Root Cultures, David J. Chitwood, William R. Lusby

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Sterols from mixed stages of the com root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus agilis, and uninfected corn root cultures were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Twenty-eight sterols were identified in P. agilis, including nine not previously detected in nematodes. The major sterols were 24-ethylcholest-22-enol, 24-ethylcholesta-5,22-dienol, 24-methy1cholestanol, 24-ethylcholestanol, isofucostanol, and 24-ethylcholesterol. The principal corn root sterols were 24-ethylcholesta-5,22-dienol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-ethylcholesterol, isofucosterol, and cycloartenol. Therefore, the major metabolic transformation of sterols by P. agilis was saturation of the sterol nucleus. In addition, very small amounts of 4α-methylsterols were biosynthesized by P. agilis. The 4-methylation pathway is unique to nematodes and was …

Lake Mead Nutrient Enhancement Project, Peter D. Vaux, Larry J. Paulson, Nevada Department Of Wildlife, National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration

Publications (WR)

The Lake Mead Fertilization Project is a research program designed to investigate the potential for using large-scale artificial fertilization to enhance the game fisheries of this reservoir through an increase in the population of threadfin shad, the system's primary forage species. A substantial decline in the population of largemouth bass, together with poor condition of adult striped bass, are the two major issues affecting the Lake Mead game fisheries. Both issues have been hypothesized to be a result of an inadequate amount of forage in the reservoir. Previous studies have in turn suggested that a major factor limiting the shad …

Animal Science Newsletter, Fall 1990

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Contents:

Art For the Animal Science Complex
New Faculty
R. B.’s Judging Teams Reunion
R. B. Warren Retires
Department Awards and Recognition
Non-Academic Staff
Graduate Student
Low Input Sustainable Agriculture Program
New Programs in Department
Project: Class (Communication Literacy in the Animal Sciences)
Enrollment Trends
Judging Teams Have a Successful Year
Block and Bridle Club
Block and Bridle Activities for 1990-1991
Alumni News
Calendar of Events for 1990-1991
Alumni Information

1991 Beef Cattle Report, Darrell W. Nelson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A two-year study tested the hypothesis that growth rate interacts with bull exposure to influence age at puberty in heifers. Heifers exposed to sterile bulls and fed to achieve a high growth rate (1.8 lb/day) attained puberty 73 days earlier than heifers not exposed to bulls and fed to a moderate growth rate (1.3 lb/day). Heifers exposed to bulls and fed to achieve a moderate growth rate attained puberty at ages similar to heifers not exposed to bulls and fed to a high growth rate. Furthermore. heifers receiving these two treatments attained puberty 23 days earlier than heifers not exposed …

Pheasants In Asia 1989, David A. Hill, Peter J. Garson, David Jenkins

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Conference Proceedings

Section 1: Studies of Pheasants in China

Distribution and Status

An overview of research on pheasants in China, 1978-88, Cheng Tso-Hsin

Pheasant conservation in Asia:Ssome introductory remarks, Keith Howman and Lew Young

The distribution of pheasants and partridges in China, Tang Chan-Zhu

The ecological and geographical distribution of pheasants in Wolong Nature Reserve, Deng Wei Jie

The gamebirds of Boaxing, Sichuan, China, He Fen-Qi and Cui Xie-Zhen

Galliformes of Yunnan Province in China, Yang Lan

Pheasant and partridge species of the Nu River Autonomous Region, Northwestern Yunnan, China, He Fen-Qi, Gao Ying-Xing and Zheng Yang-Zhi

Pheasants on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, …

Sex Reversal Of Tilapia In Earthen Ponds, Tom Popma, Bartholomew Green

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This Aquacultural Production Manual from the International Center for Aquaculture at Auburn University is oriented towards field application rather than rigorous scientific evaluation of the described techniques. The management practices have been field tested and proven feasible at the described scale of production.

The intended readers are intermediate to upper level technicians with experience in related aquacultural activities. As such, a basic understanding of the principles of aquatic production and of the life history and environmental requirements of tilapia is presumed.

Bulletin No 4191 - Inputs For Beefin, D. J. Barker, P J. May, R. G. Grieve

Bulletins 4000 -

BEEFIN is a computer model (Barker et at. 1986) that calculates profit maximizing diets for finishing cattle to a specified carcass weight and fat thickness. It predicts cattle growth, feed conversion ratio, final liveweight, number of days on feed and amount of available feedstuffs to finish the cattle to specification.

BEEFIN calculates an enterprise profit and loss budget and performs a sensitivity analysis on cattle and feed price changes. A sensitivity analysis of returns to assets, variable costs and per tonne of feed fed is also calculated.

Reproduction In The Hispid Cotton Rat, Sigmodon-Hispidus Say And Ord (Rodentia: Muridae), In Southeastern Virginia, Robert K. Rose, Michael H. Mitchell

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The hispid cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidus Say and Ord, a species of the southwestern United States that has been moving northward and eastward in this century, was first observed in Virginia in 1940. In this study of the cotton rat in southeastern Virginia, most males were reproductively competent from February through November, embryos were recorded from March through October, and litter sizes were comparable to those from other locations except Kansas. Also unlike the cotton rat in Kansas, animals grew at substantial rates during the winter in Virginia. The hispid cotton rat seems to have adjusted its breeding season in …

Heterogeneous Within-Herd Variance. 1. Genetic Parameters For First And Second Lactation Milk Yields Of Grade Holstein Cows, T. H. Short, R. W. Blake, R. L. Quaas, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Genetic and environmental (co)variance components for 4% FCM yield were simultaneously estimated by REML for grade cows from herds stratified by within-herd SD for 305d mature equivalent milk and time period. Data were lactation records from 299,441 daughters of 2489 AI b d s that calved for the first time from 1970 to 1985 in California, New York, or Texas.
Sire and residual variance components for FCM increased with SD in all time periods and were slightly larger for second than for first lactations. Residual components were of uniform size across time periods within each SD class, but sire components …

Beef & Forage Conference, June 13-14, 1990. Omaha, Nebraska

Range Beef Cow Symposium

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: IMPLICATIONS FOR BEEF PRODUCTION ● John E. Ikerd

Opportunities to Control Input Costs - An Iowa Perspective ● Daryl Strohbehn, Extension Beef Specialist, Iowa State University

INTEGRATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ● Rick Rasby & Marshall Frasier, Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska

MATCHING BEEF COW TYPES TO LOW INPUT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ● Jim Gosey, Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

Low Input Growing-Finishing Systems ● Rick Stock, Terry Klopfenstein and Mike Sindt, Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

PASTURE ESTABLISHMENT PRACTICES ● Stephen K. Barnhart, Extension Agronomist – Forages, Iowa State University

Growth and Response of …