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Chemical Communication Of Estrous Cycle Status And Change In Social Behaviors With Reproductive State In Captive Female Asian Elephants, Elephas Maximus, Barbara Elaine Slade

Dissertations and Theses

Elephants use several well-developed sensory systems for communicating within and between social groups. Female elephants sniff, touch and flehmen to the urine and genitals of herdmembers. In addition, communication through social behaviors is prevalent. Female elephants frequently communicate through affiliate tactile and aggressive behaviors. Furthermore, although female elephants are not known to display behavioral signs of estrus, these females exhibit a tail slapping behavior that may be an implement for dispersing chemical signals to conspecifics or nearby male elephants.

The present study addresses two areas of research. The purpose of part one was first, to determine if female Asian elephants …

Wpa News 58 (1999), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (February 1999), number 58

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Food Choices For The 21st Century, Louise Berner, Nancy Childs, Constance Geiger, Carl Keen, Janet King, Janet Mcdonald, Sanford Miller, Suzanne Murphy, Harold Schmitz, Anne Shaw, Phil Tong, Connie Weaver

Dairy Science

In December 1997, a coalition of health professional with a wide range of expertise in science, government, education, marketing and communications, convened to discuss the challenges and implications of food choices for the 21st Century. Taking the newly published Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) as a framework and starting point, the members of the coalition explored how health professionals can individualize dietary recommendation to help guide people in their food choices.

Feeding Organisms Living In Capoeta Trutta (Heckel;1843) In The Tigris River And Changes In These Organisms According To Month And Age, Fevzi̇ Yilmaz, Kemal Solak

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study was conducted in order to determine the species of feeding organisms living in the stomach contents of Capoeta trutta in the Tigris River and changes in the organisms according to season, month and age. For this purpose, 120 fish samples were caught between September 1991 and August 1992. At the end of this study, 31 plant-like and 2 animal-like organisms were identified, making a total of 33 genera. The total nutrition consisted of the following percentages: 61.24% Bacillariophyta, 27.72% Cyanophyta, 8.88% Chlorophyta, 1.88% Euglenophyta and 0.25% zoological organisms.

Taxonomic And Faunistic Studies Of The Fauna Of Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) In The Region Of Edirne, Meral Fent, Ni̇hat Aktaç

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Studies were carried out to establish the family of Pentatomidae within 50 localities in Edirne and its provinces during the seasons of spring, summer and autumn of 1992-1994. Thus, 7 species, 6 genus of Podopinae; 2 species, 2 genus of Asopinae; 25 species, 16 genus of Pentatominae and as a total of 34 species, 24 genus, 3 subfamilies, belong to the family of Pentatomidae were determined. Moreover, with regard to the locality numbers, Sciocoris (Aposciocoris) luteolus, Aelia virgata, Arma custos, Mustha spinosula and Neottiglossa bifida have also been accepted to have rare distribution. Whereas, Dolycoris baccarum, Carpocoris mediterraneus, C. purpureipennis, …

1998 Annual Report, Various Authors

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Review Of New Information On The Use Of Wet And Dry Milling Feed By-Products In Feedlot Diets, Rick Stock, J. M. Lewis, Terry J. Klopfenstein, C. T. Milton

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The processing of grains to produce human foods, beverages, or fuel ethanol has resulted in a wide variety of associated feed by-products. Hominy feed and distillers by-products are feed by-products associated with two distinctly different drymilling industries. Hominy feed contains approximately 57% starch, 11% CP, and 5% fat (DM basis). When fed to finishing cattle, hominy feed has approximately 87% the net energy value of corn. Distillers by-products contain 25 to 32% CP and 13 to 16% fat (DM basis). Wet distillers by-products have approximately 97 to 147% the net energy value of corn. The energy value of wet distillers …

Conditioned Food Aversions: Principles And Practices, With Special Reference To Social Facilitation, Michael H. Ralphs, Frederick D. Provenza

Behavioral Education for Human, Animal, Vegetation, and Ecosystem Management (BEHAVE)

Conditioned food aversion is a powerful experimental tool to modify animal diets. We have also investigated it as a potential management tool to prevent livestock from grazing poisonous plants such as tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi), white locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) on western US rangelands. The following principles pertain to increasing the strength and longevity of aversions: mature animals retain aversions better than young animals; novelty of the plant is important, although aversions can be created to familiar plants; LiCl is the most effective emetic, and the optimum dose for cattle …

Bovine Somatotropin In Milk, Charlotte P. Brennand Phd, Clell V. Bagley Dvm

Archived Food and Health Publications

Publication discusses the controversy associated with Bovine Somatotropin in milk.

Raising Beef Cattle On A Few Acres, Dale R. Zobell, Craig Burrell, Clell Bagley

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Dairy Digest 1998-1999, South Dakota State University Dairy Club

Dairy Digest

No abstract provided.

Utilization Of Turkey Waste Material In Beef Cattle Diets, Dale R. Zobell, Gary Anderson, Clell Bagley

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Plant And Breeding Bird Communities Of Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Colonies And Non-Colonized Areas In Southwest Kansas And Southeast Colorado, Stephen L. Winter

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This research was initiated to determine if plant and bird communities on black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus Ord) colonies in southwest Kansas and southeast Colorado differed from those found on associated non-colonized areas. Vegetation height and density, and the cover and frequency of numerous plant species differed between prairie dog colonies and non-colonized areas that were co-dominated by mid-height grasses and shortgrasses. A comparison of prairie dog colonies with non-colonized areas that were dominated solely by shortgrasses did not reveal a difference in vegetation height and density. The number of species that differed in cover or frequency between prairie dog …

Zinc Oxide, With Or Without Carbadox, Stimulates Performance In Nursery Pigs, Hsin-Yi Chen, Austin J. Lewis, Phillip S. Miller

Nebraska Swine Reports

As part of a cooperative research study with several other Midwest universities, two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of high concentrations of zinc from zinc oxide in nursery diets. In the first experiment, the effects of adding various pharmacological concentrations of zinc as zinc oxide were tested. In the second experiment, the effects of both zinc and(or) carbadox additions to diets for weanling pigs were evaluated. Feeding pharmacological concentrations (2,000 to 3,000 mg/kg) of supplemental zinc from zinc oxide stimulated voluntary feed intake and weight gain of nursery pigs, but additive responses to carbadox (55 mg/kg) were not …

Defining Swine Nutrient Requirements And Allowances—What Do The Numbers Mean?, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Duane Reese, Mike Brumm

Nebraska Swine Reports

Defining nutrient requirements or allowances is the first, and conceivably most important step, in developing a nutrition program for growing-finishing pigs. Understanding the terminology and underlying principles used to define nutrient requirements and allowances for pigs will help producers better evaluate their nutrition programs. This information will also enable producers to interface production outputs (e.g., growth rate and carcass data) to published nutrient requirement and allowance programs, such as The National Research Council, Nutrient Requirements of Swine, 1998. As these and other approaches describing nutrient requirements for pigs develop, producers need a better and more complete understanding of growth biology …

The Effects Of Dietary Feather Meal Concentration On Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Barrows, Kuo-Wei Ssu, Mike Brumm, Phillip S. Miller, Jill M. Heemstra

Nebraska Swine Reports

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary feather meal level, as well as whether or not start weight influenced feather meal effects in growth performance and carcass traits of barrows. Dietary feather meal additions tended to decrease the final body weight variation of barrows. Barrows fed diets containing 20 percent feather meal from 80 pounds to slaughter had decreased average daily gain, average daily feed intake, digestible lysine intake, energy intake, daily lean gain and backfat depth. Barrows fed diets containing 10 percent feather meal from 190 pounds to slaughter had decreased average daily gain, average daily …

Block And Bridle Annual, 1999

Block and Bridle Annual (1933–2021)

Table of Contents:

Emblem and Purpose
Treasurer’s Report
Historian’s Welcome
Members
Fall & Spring Initiates
Officers and Advisors
Faculty & Graduate Students
Jr. & Sr. Meats Judging Teams
Horse & Sr. Livestock Judging Teams
MAEC & Jr. Livestock Judging Teams
Calendar of Events
Fall & Spring Kids’ Days
Big Red Beef Pit & Christmas Luncheon
Little Ak-Sar-Ben
Little MAEC Contest – Market & Breeding
Little MAEC Contest – Meats
National Convention
Big Red Beef Show
AQHA Horse Show
State Agricultural Education Contest
1998 Honoree
Block & Bridle Awards
Animal Science Awards & Scholarships
Advertisements
Index of Advertisers
Closing

In Situ Neutral Detergent Insoluble Nitrogen As A Method For Measuring Forage Protein Degradability, R. Mass, G. P. Lardy, R. J. Grant, Terry Klopfenstein

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A method of estimating the undegraded intake protein (UIP) concentration of forages was developed and validated with a series of in situ experiments. The hypothesis was that UIP calculated from in situ neutral detergent insoluble N (NDIN) is equal to total in situ N minus the microbial N that is estimated from purines (MN). The in situ disappearance rates of total in situ N (TN), MN, and NDIN were measured for six hay samples and two range masticate samples. Hypothetical rates of passage (2 or 5%/h) were used to calculate UIP (% of DM) for each N pool. Estimates of …

Genetic Relationships Between Visual And Objective Measures Of Carcass Composition In Crossbred Lambs, H. E. Jones, G. Simm, W. S. Dingwall, R. M. Lewis

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic and phenotypic (coroariances between objective measures and carcass visual scores, as a test of the potential value afvisual scores in selection programmes to improve carcass composition in crossbred lambs. In each of 1986, 1987 and 1988, 22 Suffolk rams were chosen with either high or low scores on an index designed to increase lean growth rate. These rams were joined with 18 to20 crossbred ewes each and theirlambs were grov.J11 on grass to one of three target live weights (35·5, 41·5 and 47·0 kg) for slaughter. The carcasses of 1881 lambs …

Pork Meat And Bone Meal Value Relative To Soybean Meal For Growing Calves, Casey Wilson, Galen E. Erickson, Ryan Mass, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Individually fed steer calves (n=90) were used to evaluate different rendering procedures of pork meat and bone meal on protein quality as compared to soybean meal. Treatment proteins included an urea control, soybean meal, high-ash pork meat and bone meal, pork meat and bone meal control and non-enzymatically browned (NEB) pork meat and bone meal. High-ash meat and bone meal protein efficiency was higher than other treatments. However, the escape values determined by the ammonia release procedure were higher for NEB meat and bone meal, suggesting efficiency should have been improved relative to the control and high-ash meat and bone …

1999 Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Acknowledgments

Cow/Calf: Effects of Time of Weaning on Cow and Calf Performance • Summer Grazing Date and Fall Grazing Intensity Effects on Protein Content and Digestibility of Fall Diets in the Nebraska Sandhills • Climate Affects Calf Birth Weights and Calving Difficulty • Trace Mineral Supplementation and Ovarian and Luteal Function in Pubertal Heifers • Progesterone Metabolism by the Liver and Brain During the Estrous Cycle of Heifers

Growing: Cysteine from Feather Meal and Sulfur Amino Acid Requirements for Growing Steers • Hog Hair Meal as a Protein Source for Ruminants • Pork Meat and Bone Meal Value Relative to …

Climate Affects Calf Birth Weights And Calving Difficulty, Gene H. Deutscher, Dave Colburn, Rex Davis

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A six-year study was conducted to investigate effects of winter temperatures on two-year-old cows (n=285) and their subsequent calf birth weights and calving difficulty in the spring. The winter of 1992-93 (coldest) was 11° F colder than the winter of 1994-95 (warmest). The coldest winter was followed by calf birth weights that were 11 pounds heavier with 29 percent greater calving difficulty compared to the warmest winter. Our results indicated that as average winter temperatures decreased 1° F, subsequent calf birth weights increased 1 pound and calving difficulties increased 2.6 percentage points. When blankets were placed on cows before calving, …

Effects Of Matching Protein To Requirements On Performance And Waste Management In The Feedlot, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Todd Milton, Dan Herold

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Four experiments were conducted, two with calves in the winter/spring and two with yearlings during the summer, to evaluate the effects of decreasing protein levels on nutrient balance in the feedlot. The control diet was formulated for 13.5 percent protein; the experimental diets were formulated using the 1996 NRC model to predict protein requirements. Nutrient balances for organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N) were measured. Nitrogen intake and subsequent excretion were decreased with steers fed the experimental treatment. During the summer more N was removed from pens on the experimental treatment since OM excretion was greater which led to decreased …

Animal Science Alumni Newsletter, Winter 1999

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Contents:

From the Department Head's Desk
Graduate Program
Bud Britton Animal Science Golf Classic
Undergraduate Program
Death
Animal Science Open House
Academic Quadrathlon Held
Emeriti Addresses
Block & Bridle Activities
Past Honorees at Block and Bridle Banquet
Officers for Fall 1999
Activities for 1999-00
Recent Department Awards and Recognitions
Judging Team Activities
Staff
Your Newsletter Committee
Alumni News
Animal Science Newsletter Nationally Recognized
Animal Science Department Web Site
Calendar of Events for 1999 – 2000

Evaluation Of Nitrogen And Organic Matter Balance In The Feedlot As Affected By Level And Source Of Dietary Fiber, S. Bierman, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein, Rick A. Stock, D. H. Shain

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A trial was conducted to determine the effect of level and source of dietary fiber on N and OM excretion by cattle on finishing diets. One hundred twenty steers were stratified by weight and allotted to one of the following treatments: 7.5% roughage (7.5% R), wet corn gluten feed (WCGF; 41.5% of dietary DM), and all-concentrate (All Con) diet. Cattle were fed for 87 d during the summer with 23.7 m² of pen area per animal. Steers fed the WCGF diet had heavier final weights, greater DMI, and higher ADG ( P < .01) than the 7.5% R and All Con treatments. Steers fed All Con had lower ( P < .01) DMI than the other two treatments. Nitrogen and OM mass balances in the feedlot were quantified. Main components were nutrient input, retention, and excretion. Nitrogen and OM intake of steers fed WCGF were greater ( P < .05) than those of steers fed the other treatments. The WCGF treatment had a greater percentage of fecal N output ( P < .05). The All Con treatment had a greater ( P < .01) percentage of urinary N than WCGF and 7.5% R diets. Steers fed the WCGF treatment excreted more ( P < .01) OM compared with the other treatments, which led to more N and OM being removed in manure at cleaning. The All Con treatment had more ( P < .01) N and OM in runoff than the other treatments. Nutrition can change site of fermentation, which affects the composition of excreted material; however, total amount of N excreted may be more important than route of excretion in decreasing N losses to the environment and maximizing recovery in manure.

Effect Of Dietary Phosphorus On Finishing Steer Performance, Bone Status, And Carcass Maturity, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein, C. T. Milton, D. Hanson, Chris Calkins

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Yearling crossbred steers (n = 60; 386 kg) were individually fed in a completely randomized experimental design to determine their P requirement. Treatments were in a factorial arrangement with two levels of Ca (.35 or .70% of DM) and five concentrations of P (.14, .19, .24, .29, or .34% of DM). The finishing diet consisted of 34.5% dry-rolled corn, 22.5% brewers grits, 22.5% corn bran, 7.5% ground corncobs, 5% molasses, 3% fat, and 5% supplement. Supplemental P was provided as monosodium phosphate and Ca as limestone. Ash content was determined on the first phalanx bone from the lower front legs …

The Effect Of Forage Source And Particle Size On Finishing Yearling Steer Performance And Ruminal Metabolism, D. H. Shain, Rick Stock, Terry J. Klopfenstein, D. W. Herold

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two finishing trials and a metabolism trial were conducted to evaluate the effect of forage source and particle size in dry-rolled corn finishing diets. In Exp. 1, 224 crossbred yearling steers (BW = 342 ± 11 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design consisting of seven treatments. Treatments were an all-concentrate diet or diets containing equal NDF levels provided by alfalfa hay or wheat straw (three treatments each) with each forage source ground to pass through a .95-, 7.6-, or 12.7-cm screen. Steers fed diets containing forage had greater ( P < .05) DMI than steers fed an all concentrate diet. Steers fed alfalfa diets gained faster ( P < .05) with a greater ( P < .05) concentrate efficiency than steers fed either all-concentrate or straw diets. In Exp. 2, 120 crossbred yearling steers (BW = 307 ± 2 kg) were used in a completely randomized design and fed dry-rolled corn diets containing 10% alfalfa ground to pass through either a .95- or 7.6-cm screen. Alfalfa particle size had no effect on performance or carcass measurements. In Exp. 3, six ruminally fistulated steers (BW = 508 ± 34 kg) were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design and fed an all-concentrate diet or diets containing equal NDF levels provided by alfalfa hay, wheat straw, or ground corncobs with alfalfa and straw ground to pass through either a 2.54- or 12.7-cm screen. Steers fed straw diets spent more time ( P < .10) chewing than those receiving the other diets. In conclusion, forage particle size had no effect on finishing cattle performance or ruminal metabolism data. However, cattle consuming different forage sources in dry-rolled corn finishing diets may not respond similarly in animal performance.

Effects Of Backgrounding And Growing Programs On Beef Carcass Quality And Yield, Terry J. Klopfenstein, R. Cooper, D. J. Jordon, D. Shain, T. Milton, Chris R. Calkins, C. Rossi

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Clearly, the future of the beef cattle industry in the United States depends on the quality of the product. The majority of calves are born in the spring; therefore, to have a consistent supply of feeders entering feedlots and to take advantage of forages, a variety of stocker programs exist. Cattle enter the feedlot at varying weights and ages and from different nutritional backgrounds, and this variation could produce differences in carcass quality. The economically important measures of carcass quality are yield grade and quality grade. They are directly related: as cattle fatten in the feedlot, both quality grade and …

Estrous Synchronization For Beef Cattle, Gene H. Deutscher

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

This Fact Sheet discusses the potential benefits of estrous synchronization, how the products and programs work, and the results and costs involved.

Estrous (heat) synchronization is a management practice that can help beef producers improve production efficiency and economic returns. It can help shorten the breeding and calving seasons and help increase calf weaning weights. Its purpose is to control estrous and ovulation in cycling females, so that breeding can be completed in a short period of time. Instead of females being bred over a 21-day period, synchronization can shorten the breeding period to less than five days, depending on …

Estimates Of Direct, Maternal And Grandmaternal Genetic Effects For Growth Traits In Gobra Cattle, M. Diop, J. Dodenhoff, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Estimates of genetic parameters for birth (N = 3909), weaning (N = 3425), yearling (N = 2764) and final (N = 2144) weights were obtained from the records of Gobra cattle collected at the Centre de Recherches Zootechniques de Dahra, Senegal. Three animal models were fitted to obtain estimates by REML using an average information (AI) approach. Model 1 considered random direct, maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects. In model 2, a general grandmaternal effect was added to the random effects considered in model 1, and in model 3, the general grandmaternal effect was divided into grandmaternal genetic and …