Digital Commons Network^™

Investigating Teeth Eruption And Eating Quality, Sarah Weisse, Rob Davidson, Brian Mcintyre, David Pethick, John Thompson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In Australia, a sheep ceases to be a lamb as soon as the eruption of its first permanent incisor teeth is evident. As part of a wider program to investigate a number of aspects of sheep meat eating quality, a project was undertaken to determine whether lamb eating quality would be compromised if sheep with partially erupted teeth continued to be classified as lamb.

Overall, the results indicated that meat from young sheep with partially erupted teeth was unlikely to be inferior in eating quality than the meat currently classified as lamb.

Re-Thinking The Summer Drenching Program, Brown Besier

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The summer drenching program has provided highly effective sheep worm control in Western Australia for many years - but recent research challenges its long term sustainability.

Trial results suggest that in large parts of the State, summer drenching is the main factor leading to the development of drench resistant worms. Alternative programs less likely to lead to drench resistance will require greater monitoring of worm burdens and panning pasture moves.

Use Of Py-Gc/Ms Analysis Techniques In Animal Waste Management: A Preliminary Survey Of Dairy Manures, Daniel L. Vaughn, Michael A. Kruge

Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The increasing practice of industrial-scale agriculture tends to concentrate large masses of animal waste in relatively compact areas, potentially leading to excessive release of polluting nutrients into waterways during major storms. Anaerobic treatment conditions are generally favored to conserve nitrate N as an agricultural commodity. However, overall N contents in waste are often in excess of crop fertilization needs: storing excess N in soluble nitrate form increases pollution potential. Thus the perceived needs of agriculture and society-at-large become at odds. Organic nitrogen forms (e.g., proteins) are more environmentally stable and are less subject to unintentional release. Although U.S. farmers tend …

Effect Of Animal Grouping On Feeding Behavior And Intake Of Dairy Cattle, R. J. Grant, J. L. Albright

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Although data are scarce, it is clear that grouping strategy can have a significant impact on the feeding behavior and feed intake of dairy cattle. Feed intake is controlled by ruminoreticular fill and physiological mechanisms, but grouping is a component of the cow’s feeding environment that can modulate intake as a result of its impact on cow comfort, competition for feed and other resources, and herd health. Social dominance and competition for feed impact feeding behavior and proper grouping strategy will minimize the negative impact of excessive competition on intake and enhance beneficial effects of group feeding such as social …

Maximal Replacement Of Forage And Concentrate With A New Wet Corn Milling Product For Lactating Dairy Cows, K. Buddugari, R. J. Grant

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three experiments were conducted to determine the maximal amount of concentrate and forage that could be replaced with a new wet corn milling product. The corn milling product contained 23.1% crude protein, 9.9% ruminally undegradable protein, 13.7% acid detergent fiber, 40.3% neutral detergent fiber, and 2.6% ether extract (% of dry matter; DM). In experiment 1, 16 Holstein cows were assigned to one of four diets in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 28-d periods. The four diets contained 54.3% forage (alfalfa:corn silages, 1:1 DM basis) with the wet corn milling product replacing 0, 50, 75, or …

Atresia Revisited: Two Basic Patterns Of Atresia Of Bovine Antral Follicles, H. F. Irving-Rodgers, I. L. Van Wezel, M. L. Mussard, J. E. Kinder, R. J. Rodgers

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Our observations of bovine follicles indicated that the original histological classifications of atresia were inaccurate. A detailed histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of antral follicles from bovine ovaries collected from an abattoir and from animals whose large follicles had been monitored by ultrasonography was conducted to investigate this further. Nidogen and CD68 were immunolocalized to observe the follicular basal lamina and macrophages, respectively. In randomly collected ovaries, approximately one quarter of all antral follicles were undergoing antral atresia, as designated in this study. Antral atresia was characterized by early destruction of the layers of the membrana granulosa closest to the …

Nutritional Methods To Decrease N Losses From Open-Dirt Feedlots In Nebraska, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Nitrogen losses from cattle feedlots are a concern due to loss of valuable N and enrichment of the atmospheric N pool. Nutritional methods to decrease losses would have economic and environmental benefit. One method to decrease N losses is by increasing carbon on the pen surface. From a management perspective, feeding a diet that will increase carbon may be the most cost effective. Therefore, three experiments evaluated feeding corn bran (less digestible than corn) at either 0, 15, or 30% of the diet. The 15 and 30% bran diets increase organic matter (carbon) excretion by approximately 0.5 and 1.0 kg/steer/d, …

Renesting - Female's Success After Nesting Failure And The Renesting Of The Dickcissel (Spiza Americana) At Prairie Ridge State Natural Area, Kevin L. Wentworth

Masters Theses

Renesting - Female's success after nesting failure. Many birds are unsuccessful in their first nesting attempt, so renesting is often a very important way for birds to increase their lifetime fitness and for populations to maintain stable numbers. I examined the importance of renesting and the factors that encourage or discourage a female from renesting and also the factors that affect the success of these renests. I also looked for patterns in renesting behavior (e.g., renesting interval, renesting distance, percentage of females that attempt renests, and the success of renests) of birds by comparing different studies. I used a total …

Fisheries Occasional Publication No. 31 - Feeding Lupins To Fish: A Review Of The Nutritional And Biological Value Of Lupins In Aquaculture Feeds, Brett Glencross

Fisheries Occasional Publications

Lupins are the harvested seed of species from the Lupinus genus, a group within the leguminous bean and pea family Fabaceae. Legumes are particularly valuable agricultural crops because of their capacity to provide a grain crop and also fix and return nitrogen to soils and improve the soil value for further cropping. The oilseeds, soybeans and peanuts are also leguminous plants, though traditionally they have been cropped for their oil value, whereas lupins, are cropped for both their protein and nitrogen fixing value (Gladstones, 1998; Perry et al., 1998).

The three key commercial species of lupins are L. angustifolius (Narrow-leafed …

Dietary Carbohydrate Level Influencing Feed Intake, Nutrient Utilisation And Plasma Glucose Concentration In The Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss, Ahmet Adem Teki̇nay, Simon John Davies

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A twelve-week nutrition trial was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of different carbohydrate levels on digestibility, feed intake, growth performance, carcass and muscle composition and plasma glucose level in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Three test diets were formulated using extruded wheat meal (15.3, 32.2 and 43.5%) as the carbohydrate source and fed rainbow trout (Initial Body Weight: 33.8 ± 0.46 g.). These were either restricted: LCR (Low Carbohydrate Restricted), MCR (Medium-Carbohydrate-Restricted) and HCR (High-Carbohydrate Restricted); or satiation: LCS (Low-Carbohydrate Satiation), MCS (Medium-Carbohydrate Satiation) and HCS (High-Carbohydrate Satiation) respectively. The aim of applying different feeding regimes was to quantify …

2001 Nebraska Swine Report

Nebraska Swine Reports

Nutrition
Phytase in Swine Diets
Dietary Manipulation to Reduce Ammonia Concentration in Nursery Pig Facilities
Plasma Urea Concentrations of Pigs on Commercial Operations
Replacing Conventionally Processed Soybean Meal with Extruded/Expelled Soybean Meal in Swine Diets
Economic Value of Ractopamine (Paylean™) for Finishing Pigs
Valine, Isoleucine, and Histidine Supplementation of Low-Protein, Amino Acid-Supplemented Diets for Growing Pigs
Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) and Body Fat Changes
The Effect of Compensatory Growth on Organ Weights and Carcass Composition in Growing Gilts
Factors Affecting Small Intestine Development in Weanling Pigs

Genetics
Two-stage Selection for Ovulation Rate and Litter Size in Swine – an …

Phytase In Swine Diets, Mike Brumm

Nebraska Swine Reports

An experiment was conducted to determine whether phytase additions to swine growing-finishing diets improved the availability of lysine, calcium, energy and phosphorus in corn and soybean meal-based diets. Diets investigated for growing-finishing barrows of high-lean-gain potential included: 1) University of Nebraska recommended diet formulations; 2) diets formulated to contain 85% of the lysine recommended; 3) lysine-deficient diets formulated with phytase; 4) phytase-formulated diets with phytase deleted; and 5) phytase-formulated diets with phytase deleted and with additional calcium and phosphorus. Pigs fed diets formulated to 85% of the recommended lysine level had slower growth, slower daily lean gain, poorer feed conversion, …

The Effect Of Compensatory Growth On Organ Weights And Carcass Composition In Growing Gilts, Robert L. Fischer, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis

Nebraska Swine Reports

An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of compensatory growth and amino acid supply on organ weights and carcass characteristics in growing gilts. Gilts were fed either a corn-soybean meal diet or a corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with crystalline lysine. Pigs were randomly allotted to either a 21-day ad libitum eating period or a 42-day restricted-realimentated feeding period. The restricted-realimentated (RR) feeding period consisted of a 21-day restriction period and a 21- day ad libitum eating period (realimentation). During the restriction period, pigs were fed to maintain body weight. Results indicated that during the restriction period, gilts had a …

Factors Affecting Small Intestine Development In Weanling Pigs, Steven J. Kitt, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis

Nebraska Swine Reports

The pig faces significant biological and environmental challenges after weaning. A great deal of information is available on behavior, environment, health, and nutrition of the newly weaned pig; however, newly weaned pigs still suffer a growth lag. The pig’s small intestinal structure and function is altered during the days that follow weaning. As a consequence, the digestive and absorptive capacity of weanling pigs is decreased during this period and this may be partially responsible for the post weaning growth lag. Additionally, health benefits may be associated with an improved small intestinal structure and function. The goal of this article is …

Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid (Cla) And Body Fat Changes, Jess L. Miner, Chris Cederberg, Xiaoli Chen, Clifton Baile, Merlyn K. Nielsen

Nebraska Swine Reports

Feeding mixed isomers of linoleic acid with conjugated double bonds (CLA) reduces body fat in several species, including pigs. To learn about the mechanism involved, we fed CLA to sexually mature mice at 0, 1 and 2% of the diet for 5, 12 and 14 days. Dietary CLA reduced body fat by nearly 50% but did not reduce body weight. Mice fed CLA also experienced programmed death (apoptosis) of fat cells. This implicates a new mechanism (fat cell death) by which CLA reduces body fat without reducing lean. The effectiveness of feeding CLA for as few as five days may …

Replacing Conventionally Processed Soybean Meal With Extruded/Expelled Soybean Meal In Swine Diets, Andrea M. Tucker, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Duane Reese

Nebraska Swine Reports

The effects of extruded/expelled soybean meal (ESBM) on growth performance and carcass composition of pigs from weaning to slaughter were investigated. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, weaned pigs were fed a diet containing either conventional solvent-extracted soybean meal or ESBM. Average daily gain and feed efficiency were greater in pigs fed the control diet. The second experiment was designed to determine whether nursery diet influenced performance during the growing-finishing period. In the second experiment, half of the pigs from Experiment 1 were assigned to either a control or ESBM diet and were fed until slaughter. Average daily …

Twenty-Five Years Of Population Fluctuations Of Microtus Ochrogaster And M-Pennsylvanicus In Three Habitats In East-Central Illinois, Lowell L. Getz, Joyce E. Hofmann, Betty Mcguire, Thomas W. Dolan Iii

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Populations of 2 species of arvicoline rodents, the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) and meadow vole (M. pennsylvanicus), were monitored monthly in alfalfa, bluegrass, and tallgrass prairie habitats in east-central Illinois from 1972 through 1997. Alfalfa provides very highquality preferred food and poor vegetative cover for both vole species, whereas bluegrass provides intermediate food and vegetative cover. Preferred food resources were very low, especially for M. ochrogaster, and vegetative cover was very dense in tallgrass prairie. Maximum and mean population densities of M. ochrogaster were highest in alfalfa, intermediate in bluegrass, and lowest in tallgrass prairie. …

Survival Of Canine Epididymal Sperm Under Cooled And Frozen-Thawed Conditions, Karla Stilley

LSU Master's Theses

The objective of the first experiment was to determine the effects of storage at 22„aC vs. 4„aC on the motility and percentage of membrane-intact sperm (%MIS) of epididymal mouse sperm. Testicles were allocated into 22„aC or 4„aC treatment groups and stored for 24 or 48 hours. Additional testicles were allocated into the 4„aC treatment for storage for 72 or 96 hours. Sperm was collected and analyzed at each time point. Storage at 22„aC lowered motility and %MIS (P<0.05) when compared with control sperm and 4„aC sperm at both the 24 and 48 hours. Motility and %MIS of 4„aC sperm did not decrease when compared with the control until after 72 hours of storage. The second experiment evaluated the effects of 22„aC vs. 4„aC storage for 24 and 48 hours on epididymal dog sperm. Motility and %MIS of the 22„aC sperm was lower than that of the 4„aC sperm and the control (P<0.05) at 24 and 48 hours. Motility of the 4„aC sperm was lower than the control at 24 and 48 hours (P<0.05), however %MIS was not lower than the control until 48 hours. The third experiment tested the effect of cryopreservation on epididymal dog sperm. Sperm was frozen immediately (A), after 48 hours at 4„aC in liquid (B) or after 48 hours at 4„aC of the whole testicle (C). Both pre-freeze (PF) and post-thaw (PT) motility and %MIS of B and C were lower than A (P<0.05). PT values were lower than PF values in all treatments (P<0.05). PT motility of B was lower than C (0 vs. 35.0¡Ó3.6%). Storage at 4„aC allows collection of motile epididymal mouse and dog sperm for several days after death. Dog testicles can be refrigerated for 2 days and epididymal sperm frozen with PT motility and %MIS of 35 and 62%.

Effect Of Corn Processing On Degradable Intake Protein Requirement Of Finishing Cattle, Rob Cooper, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Doug Jordan, Todd Milton

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Three finishing trials were conducted to determine effect of corn processing on degradable intake protein requirement of feedlot cattle. Finishing diets consisted of 82% processed corn which was either dry rolled, high moisture, or steam flaked. Degradable intake protein levels were achieved by adding 0 to 2.0% urea (DM basis) to the control diets. Estimates of degradable intake protein requirement for a dry-rolled corn-based diet were approximately 6.3% of dietary DM. Degradable intake protein requirement for high-moisture corn-based diets was approximately 10% of dietary DM. Degradable intake protein requirement for steam-flaked corn-based diet was between 7 and 9.5% of dietary …

Evaluation Of Diets With Different Levels Of Barley Sprouts (Hordeum Vulgare) In The Basic Feed Of Guinea Pigs (Cavia Aperea Porcellus) In The Phases Of Growth, Jenny Lourdes Mamani Gutierrez

Theses and Dissertations

The study was done in the department of La Paz, providence of Ingavi in the community of Letanias (16° 39’ 15” S; 69° 60’ 18” W), in the Benson Institute building, located 3 kilometers from Viacha. The objectives were: to evaluate the growth and increase in weight and consumption of food in Guinea pig male and females under the effect of diets with different levels of barley sprout in the phases of growth; to determine the nutritional conversion; to determine the optimal level of use of the barley sprouts in the basic feeding of Guinea pigs; and to evaluate the …

Protein Plus : Increasing Summer Milk Protein Levels

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Protein Plus has commenced as a collaboration between the Department of Agriculture and the CSIRO Division of Livestock Industries. The project is aimed at investigating the causes of Western Australia's problems with low summer milk protein levels, and finding management solutions for farmers.

Determination Of The Mineral Levels Of Feedstuffs In The Marmara Region And Their Relation To Nutritional Disorders In Sheep, Müjdat Alp, Recep Kahraman, Neşe Kocabağli, Dervi̇ş Özçeli̇k, Mustafa Eren, İsmet Türkmen, Meli̇h Yavuz, Şefi̇k Dursun

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out in the Marmara region, which is known as one of the regions where animal husbandry is most developed in Turkey. The aim of the study was to determine and collect data on the mineral contents of forages and feedstuffs that are harvested and used in animal nutrition in the region. A further aim was to determine the blood mineral levels of sheep in order to gain information on the mineral insufficiency and/or excess mineral levels in sheep, which are fed mainly with these feedstuffs. Fifty-five different locations in 11 provinces within the whole of the …

Blood Serum Concentrations Of Selenium And Glutathione Peroxidase Activity In Akkaraman Sheep, Taner Pamukçu, Tevhi̇de Sel, Gül Yarim

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Selenium and other essential elements play an important role in animal husbandry. These elements help to minimize infectious diseases, reduce concomitant stresses and bring about optimal productive and reproductive performance. The mean serum selenium concentration of the sheep sampled in this study was 303.65 ng/ml. Such values are considered to be indicative of adequate dietary supplementation. Serum glutathione peroxidase activity in the sheep sampled in this study was also analysed, and the mean glutathione peroxidase activity was 3.65 nmolNADPH+H+/min/mg protein. It is recommended that producers monitor the selenium in serum in order to maintain adequate nutrition and performance in sheep.

The Effects Of Supplemental Anionic Salts And Probiotic In Prepartum Diets On Milk Production And Quality And Incidence Of Milk Fever In Dairy Cows, Neşe Kocabağli, Recep Kahraman, İsmai̇l Abaş, Hüseyi̇n Eseceli̇, Müjdat Alp

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The nutritional effects of supplementing the diets of dairy cows during the dry period with anionic salts and probiotic, on some blood parameters, milk production and composition and the development of milk fever, were evaluated in 20 Holstein cattle (>3^rd lactation). Diets were composed of a mixture of hay (70%) and commercial concentrate (30%) with and without supplemental anionic salts. These diets were given to cows during the 3 weeks prior to calving. Cows in the probiotic group also received 5g/day probiotic orally during this period. The cation/ anion balances of the diets were determined to be -67.77 and …

Effects Of Supplemental Dietary Chromium On Yield And Nutrient Digestibility Of Laying Hens Under Low Temperature, Kazim Şahi̇n, O. Ni̇hat Ertaş, Talat Güler, Mehmet Çi̇ftçi̇

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to determine the effects of chromium picolinate (CrPi) added into diet containing 710.3 ppb chromium on yield and nutrient digestibility of laying hens at low temperature. Forty-six-week-old laying hens were randomly assigned to four groups of 30 hens per group. Treatment groups were fed different supplemental dietary chromium levels. Thus, hens were fed diets with no supplemental chromium (Control Group), 100 ppb of supplemental chromium (100 Group), 200 ppb of supplemental chromium (200 Group) and 400 ppb of supplemental chromium (400 Group). Diet chromium concentration was detected by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. Body weight, feed …

An Evaluation Of Integrated Coastal And Ocean Management As A Means For Sustainable Development : A Case Study : The Environmental And Socio-Economic Impact Of Shrimp Farming In Bangladesh, Ali Yusuf Muhammad Sultan Noor

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Animal Minds And Animal Emotions, Marian Stamp Dawkins

Emotion Collection

The possibility of conscious experiences of emotions in non-human animals has been much less explored than that of conscious experiences associated with carrying out complex cognitive tasks. However, no great cognitive powers are needed to feel hunger or pain and it may be that the capacity to feel emotions is widespread in the animal kingdom. Since plants can show surprisingly sophisticated ‘‘choice’’ and ‘‘decision-making’’ mechanisms and yet we would not wish to imply that they are conscious, attribution of emotions to animals has to be done with care. Whether or not an animal possesses anticipatory mechanisms associated with positive and …

Fish & Wildlife News: November/December 2000

Fish and Wildlife News

Contents:

Jones Named Deputy Director 2
New Guidelines Announced for Federal Aid 3
Landmark Legislation for Refuge System 4
Maine Salmon Given ESA Protection 7
Service a Presence in Fisheries Society 11
Information Portal Makes Life Easy 13
Region 5 Invests in People 15
New Refuge Dedicated in Montana 16
U.S. and Russia Sign Polar Bear Treaty 18
Fighting the War on Weeds 22
Mexican Students Flock to Alaska 28
Fish and Wildlife...In Brief 35

Wpa News 63 (2000), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (November 2000), number 63

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Obituary: Elmer Clea Birney, 1940-2000, Hugh H. Genoways, Carleton J. Phillips, Jerry R. Choate, Robert S. Sikes, Kristin M. Kramer

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

On 11 June 2000, Dr. Elmer C. Birney unexpectedly passed away from cardiac arrest suffered while outside caring for his cattle at his home in Blaine, Minnesota. One of his former students, Robert Timm, probably best expressed the immediate reaction of his family and many friends: ‘‘He was too young and in too good of health to be gone so soon.’’ At the time of his death, Elmer was Professor in the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, the Curator of Mammals at the Bell Museum of Natural History, and Director of Graduate Studies of the program in Ecology, Evolution …