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Boletín De El Iucn/Birdlife/Wpa Grupo De Especialistas En Crácidos 18-22 (2004-2006), Iucn, Birdlife International, Wpa Cracid Specialist Group

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

Volume 18 (March 2004)

Estatus de Crax rubra en Punta de Manabique, Guatemala: Habitat, tamaño de poblacion, y impacto humano, Knut Eisermann

Status de Crax rubra em Punta de manabique, Guatemala: Habitat, tamanho populacional, e impacto humano, Knut Eisermann

Status of great curassow (Crax rubra) in Punta de Manabique, Guatemala: Habitat, population size, and human impact, Knut Eisermann

Atacan las pavas a las rapaces? Un caso entre Chamaepetes goudotii y Buteo magnirostris en el norte de la cordillera central, Colombia, Paulo C. Pulgarin-R.

Jacus atacam aves de rapina? Um caso entre Chamaepetes goudotii e Buteo magnirostris no norte …

Building Beef Cow Nutritional Programs With The 1996 Nrc Beef Cattle Requirements Model, G. P. Lardy, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein, H. H. Patterson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Designing a sound cow-calf nutritional program requires knowledge of nutrient requirements, diet quality, and intake. Effectively using the NRC (1996) beef cattle requirements model (1996 NRC) also requires knowledge of dietary degradable intake protein (DIP) and microbial efficiency. Objectives of this paper are to 1) describe a framework in which 1996 NRC-applicable data can be generated, 2) describe seasonal changes in nutrients on native range, 3) use the 1996 NRC to predict nutrient balance for cattle grazing these forages, and 4) make recommendations for using the 1996 NRC for forage-fed cattle. Extrusa samples were collected over 2 yr on native …

Fat Supplementation And Reproduction In Beef Females, Richard N. Funston

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Inadequate dietary energy intake and poor body condition can negatively affect reproductive function. Supplemental lipids have been used to increase energy density of the diet and may also have direct positive effects on reproduction in beef cattle. Several fatty acid sources have been studied as they relate to reproductive function. Common sources include sunflower, safflower, cottonseed, rice bran, soybeans, fishmeal, animal tallow, and calcium salts of fatty acids. Fats have been fed before and after calving, during the breeding season, and during heifer development. Response to fat has been investigated through measuring body weight and body condition score, age at …

Comparison Of Brown Midrib-6 And -18 Forage Sorghum With Conventional Sorghum And Corn Silage In Diets Of Lactating Dairy Cows, A. L. Oliver, R. J. Grant, J. F. Pendersen, J. O'Rear

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Total mixed rations containing conventional forage sorghum, brown midrib (bmr)-6 forage sorghum, bmr- 18 forage sorghum, or corn silage were fed to Holstein dairy cows to determine the effect on lactation, ruminal fermentation, and total tract nutrient digestion. Sixteen multiparous cows (4 ruminally fistulated; 124 d in milk) were assigned to 1 of 4 diets in a replicated Latin square design with 4-wk periods (21-d adaptation and 7 d of collection). Diets consisted of 40% test silage, 10% alfalfa silage, and 50% concentrate mix (dry basis). Acid detergent lignin concentration was reduced by 21 and 13%, respectively, for the bmr-6 …

Effects Of Dry, Wet, And Rehydrated Corn Bran And Corn Processing Method In Beef Finishing Diets, C. N. Macken, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, C. T. Milton, Rick Stock

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two finishing trials were conducted to determine the effects of adding different types of corn bran, a component of corn gluten feed, on cattle performance. In Trial 1, 60 English crossbred yearling steers (283 ± 6.7 kg) were used in a completely randomized design with four dietary treatments. Treatments were diets with no corn bran, dry corn bran (86% DM), wet corn bran (37% DM), and rehydrated dry bran (37% DM). Bran was fed at 40% of dietary DM. All finishing diets had (DM basis) 9% corn steep liquor with distillers solubles, 7.5% alfalfa hay, 3% tallow, and 5% supplement. …

Effect Of Organic Matter Addition To The Pen Surface And Pen Cleaning Frequency On Nitrogen Mass Balance In Open Feedlots, J. R. Adams, T. B. Farran, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein, C. N. Macken, C. B. Wilson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three finishing trials were conducted to determine the effects of dietary manipulation and management on N losses from open feedlots. In each experiment, 96 steers were assigned randomly to 12 nutrient balance pens. In Trial 1, calves were fed for 180 d during the winter/spring months; in Trial 2, yearlings were fed for 132 d in the summer. In Trials 1 and 2, N losses from pens were compared directly by adding OM to the pen surface or indirectly by feeding digestible ingredients designed to increase OM excretion. The dietary treatment (BRAN) included 30% corn bran (DM basis) replacing dry-rolled …

Influence Of Diets Formulated To Increase The Supply Of Ketones Or Ketone Precursors On The Carbohydrate Status And Performance Of Transition Dairy Cows, Jeffrey Michael Defrain

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Research to date has focused on increasing the supply of glucose precursors in transition dairy cows to reduce ketosis. Ketones and ketone bodies represent energy sources for body tissues; therefore, conserving blood glucose for lactose synthesis in the mammary gland. This led to the hypothesis that transition cows might benefit from diets formulated to stimulate rumen epithelial ketogenesis or dietary ingredients supplying ketone precursors. A series of experiments were conducted to study the impact of diets formulated to increase the supply of ketones (via feeding lactose, glycerol, or an alphaamylase enzyme preparation) or ketone precursors (feeding Ca soaps of longchain …

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 5 2004, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Letter From The Dean, Gregory J. Weidemann

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Determination Of Digestibility And Metabolizable Energy Levels Of Some Forages Commonly Used In Ruminant Nutrition By In Vitro Methods, Ni̇hat Denek, Suphi̇ Deni̇z

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to determine the dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibilities, and metabolizable energy levels of some forages commonly used in ruminant nutrition by 2 different in vitro methods; the enzyme technique and the 2- stage method (rumen fluid + HCl-pepcine). Seven different samples of alfalfa hays, sainfoin hay and grass hay, and 4 different samples of wheat straws, lentil straw, corn silage and sorghum silage were used in the experiment. DM digestibilities were 51.53% for alfalfa hay, 47.79% for sainfoin hay, 41.02% for grass hay, 30.15% for wheat straw, 47.81% for lentil straw, 63.74% …

Nutritive Value Of Pastures In Kars District Ii. Degradation Kinetics In The Rumen With Respect To Stages Of Maturity, İsmai̇l Kaya, Sedat Yildiz, Selma Kaya, Ahmet Öncüer

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to determine the ruminal degradation characteristics of nutrients with respect to pasture stage of maturity in Kars district. The nutritional parameters were dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF). Samples were collected from pastures of 9 vicinities of Kars district over a 28-day interval. Three adult Morkaraman rams were fitted with a rumen cannula and samples were incubated in the rumen for 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h. Parameters for degradation kinetics included readily degraded fraction, slowly degraded fraction, lag phase and fractional rate of passage. The cumulative disappearance …

Can We Use Vitamin E As An Anti-Tumoral Agent For The Treatment Of Tumors In Fish?, Olcay Hi̇sar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

No abstract provided.

Role Of The Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (Gnrh) Receptor In Determination Of Ovulation Rate Between Lines Of Swine, Benjamin E. Bass, Ginger A. Mills, Brett R. White

Nebraska Swine Reports

Litter size plays a major role in the economics of swine production. Even modest increases in average litter size can have considerable effects on overall profitability. Two major components of litter size, 1) ovulation rate, and 2) embryonic survival, have been used in a selection index project ongoing for several generations at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL). To better understand the mechanisms of one component, ovulation rate, we are investigating the role of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor in determination of this important trait. Although other factors may influence determination of ovulation rate, this receptor has an established physiological importance …

Effect Of Increasing Dietary Crude Protein Concentration On Growth Performance And Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Concentration, Robert L. Fischer, Phillip S. Miller

Nebraska Swine Reports

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of increasing dietary protein intake on growth performance and serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentration in growing-finishing gilts. Thirty-nine crossbred gilts with an initial body weight of 74.3 lb were used in a 28-day growth study. The gilts were randomly allocated to one of five dietary treatments. The diets were standard corn soybean meal diets, which were formulated to contain 10, 14, 18, 22, or 26% crude protein by changing the ratio of corn to soybean meal in the diet. Pig and feeder weights were recorded weekly for the determination of average …

Energy And Nitrogen Utilization Of Roundup Ready® Corn (Event Nk603) And Non-Transgenic Corn In Young Pigs, Robert L. Fischer, Phillip S. Miller

Nebraska Swine Reports

This experiment was conducted to compare the nutritional value, measured by digestible and metabolizable energy, and nitrogen digestibility in young pigs fed either Roundup Ready corn (DKC5740) or non-transgenic corn (DKC5738). The experiment used 12 barrows with an initial body weight of 76.3 lb. The pigs were housed in stainless steel metabolism crates and were randomly allotted to one of two corn treatments, either Roundup Ready corn or control corn. The diets were formulated to contain 97.5% of one of the two varieties of corn and 2.5% minerals and vitamins. The duration of the experiment was 14 days, which included …

Comparative Life Histories Of Georgia And Virginia Cotton Rats, Bradley J. Bergstrom, Robert K. Rose

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Adult hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) were collected from the field monthly for >2 years from populations near the northern edge of their range in Virginia and contemporaneously from south-central Georgia. Body measurements and weights were taken at capture, and after dissection embryos, corpora lutea, and placental scars were counted and measured; testes and seminal vesicles were dissected out, measured, and weighed. This allowed comparison of several life-history parameters between the populations and tests of several life-history hypotheses. The breeding season was up to 2 months longer in Georgia than in Virginia, where there was typically a 3-month …

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Pig Weaning Age And Commingling After The Nursery Phase On Humoral And Behavioral Indicators Of Well-Being And On Growth Performance, Sarah C. Arthur, Mari E. Davis, Jason K. Apple, Charles V. Maxwell

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Two hundred and sixteen pigs were weaned at 14 or 21 d of age to determine the effect of weaning age and commingling after the nursery phase on growth and behavior of pigs in a wean-to-finish facility. Pigs were divided into older and younger age groups and allotted 12 pigs/pen with nine replications of each group. At the end of the nursery phase (d 34 after weaning), one-half of the pigs in each group were removed and commingled for the grower/finisher phase and the other half remained in their original pens. Beginning at weaning (d 0), pigs were monitored via …

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Dietary Protein Level And Fish Meal On Growth And Hormonal Status Of Weaned Dairy Calves, Patricia Terrell Richardel

LSU Master's Theses

Eight weaned Holstein steers approximately 4 mo of age (mean BW = 119.47 ± 2.65 kg) were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square designed experiment to study the effects of protein source and level on performance and anabolic hormonal status of weaned dairy calves. Treatments consisted of two diets containing either 16 or 20 % crude protein (CP) with or without fish meal (FM). Experimental diets were corn silage based with soybean meal (SBM) as the source of ruminal degradable protein and FM as the source of ruminal undegradable protein. The animals were fed their respective diets …

The Effect Of Holding Bovine Oocytes In Follicular Fluid On Subsequent Fertilization And Embryonic Development, Angela Marie Klumpp

LSU Master's Theses

The objective of Experiment 1 was to determine the effect of bovine follicular fluid (bFF) on nuclear maturation. Treatment A (Control) oocytes were stained with Hoechst-33342 immediately after aspiration from follicles, whereas, oocytes in Treatment B were held in bFF for 12 hours at 38¢ªC and then stained to determine nuclear status. No significant difference was detected between treatment groups. Results indicate that bFF inhibits resumption of meiosis. The objective of Experiment 2 was to determine the effect of bFF on embryonic development. Oocytes in Treatment A (Control) were placed into in vitro maturation (IVM) for 22 hours followed by …

Seasonal Effects On Diet Of Two Arid Zone Dasyurids, Dasycercus Cristicauda And Ningaui Ridei (Dasyuridae, Marsupialia), Leisa Turner

Theses : Honours

Seasonal fluctuations in rainfall and food availability are thought to change populations of arid zone mammals dramatically over time. Competition between similar species for limited food resources is believed to be a major factor in the evolution and maintenance of population assemblages. Animals foraging in arid regions must be responsive to the unreliable distribution of nutrients and food resources to ensure the survival of viable populations. Adaptive physiological traits and behavioural mechanisms of arid zone animals allow them to survive extreme conditions and the ability to switch between prey species in adverse conditions is an advantageous strategy. This study was …

Feed Values For Annual Forages In Western Nebraska, Burton A. Weichenthal, David D. Baltensperger, Kenneth P. Vogel

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Forage quality testing was completed on annual forages grown during 1998 and/or 1999. Included were spring cereals, legumes and summer annuals like sorghum and millets. Using a single cut harvest system when the majority of summer annuals had produced seed heads, crude protein (CP) was generally more than 8% and total digestible nutrients (TDN) more than 63% of dry matter. Annual legumes had 12 to 18% CP and more than 63% TDN. Pearl and irrigated foxtail millets had higher crude protein levels than sorghum forages, but nitrate levels were also higher. Some mineral contents varied by location and associated management.

Leptin In Horses: Influences Of Body Condition, Gender, Insulin Insensitivity, Feeding, And Dexamethasone, Joshua Allen Cartmill

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The experiments described herein were designed to answer questions that arose from initially attempting to determine whether treatment with dexamethasone increased concentrations of leptin in geldings. Dexamethasone treatment did in fact increase leptin concentrations in mares, geldings, and stallions. Additional experiments were designed to determine leptin's interaction, not only with the adrenal axis, but with the thyroid axis, the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis, as well as glucose and insulin metabolism in geldings, mares, and stallions. During the course of these experiments, differences in leptin concentrations in the horse were attributed to degree of body condition, gender, and feeding time. …

Impact Of Dietary Changes On Hepatic Homocysteine Metabolism In Young Broilers, Fauna M. Ganson, Padmakumar Pillai, Jason L. Emmert

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Information regarding the impact of sulfur amino acids (SAA) on hepatic homocysteine (Hcy) flux through the various metabolic pathways competing for Hcy in young broilers is lacking. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of varying levels of dietary methionine (Met), choline, and betaine on hepatic Hcy flux in young broiler chickens. A standard starter basal diet was fed to chicks until 8 d of age; 12 experimental diets were given from 8-22 d. The experimental basal diet contained deficient levels of Met and cysteine (Cys); supplemental Met (0, 0.08, 0.16, and 0.24%) was added to the basal diet …

The Determination Of Energy Levels In Some Cereal Grains Used In Ruminant Diets By In Vivo And In Vitro Methods, Ni̇hat Denek, Suphi̇ Deni̇z

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the energy levels of some energy source grains commonly used in ruminant nutrition by in vivo and in vitro methods. To achieve this objective, corn, barley, wheat, rye, oat, and triticale (4 replicates) were utilized. The in vivo digestibility of grains was determined with a metabolism trial using 4 animals per sample in an incomplete block design. The in vitro digestibility of grains was determined using an enzyme technique. For this purpose, cellulase, hemicellulase, amylase and pepsin were used. The in vivo dry matter and organic matter digestibilities of corn, barley, wheat, …

Nutritive Value Of Pastures In Kars District I. Botanical And Nutrient Composition At Different Stages Of Maturity, İsmai̇l Kaya, Ahmet Öncüer, Yücel Ünal, Sedat Yildiz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objectives of this study were to examine the botanical composition and determine the nutritive value of pastures in 9 different locations in Kars district with respect to stages of maturity. Samples were collected bi-weekly from 21 May to 30 July 1999. The Gramineae, Leguminoseae and other plant families constituted 64.2, 22.8 and 13.0% of the plant population, respectively. There was a variation in the nutrient composition of samples collected from different locations (P < 0.05). Average dry matter (DM) content was 28.8% and concentrations of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), nitrogen-free extract (NFE), ether extract (EE) and ash on a DM basis were 90.8, 15.3, 30.0, 57.6, 43.4, 2.0 and 9.2%, respectively. Stage of maturity altered nutrient composition (P < 0.5). Concentrations of OM, NFE and ash did not change, CP linearly decreased, and CF and NDF quadratically increased with advancing maturity. In conclusion, the Gramineae were the predominant flora of pastures in northeastern Turkey. Moreover, mathematical models developed to characterize changes in the nutrient composition of pastures with advancing maturity may help to improve current feeding strategies.

The Effect Of Grower Diet Protein Level On The Performance And Some Slaughtering Characteristics Of Sex-Separated And Mixed- Sex Broilers, Veysel Ayhan, Mehmet Bozkurt, Kami̇l Küçükyilmaz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This trial examined 1350 sex-separated broilers at 24 days of age. Chicks were fed standard broiler starter diet for the first 21 days. Isocaloric grower diets (16.84%, 18.00% and 19.46% crude protein, respectively) were offered to broilers housed in sex-separated and mixed-sex pens from days 24 to 45 of the experimental period. While the body weights of sex-separated and mixed-sex broilers were similar, diet protein level and sex had a significant effect on the body weight of broilers during the experimental period (P < 0.01). Male broilers consumed more feed and had better feed conversion than females (P < 0.01). However, separate sex rearing had no significant effect on feed consumption or feed conversion rate (P > 0.05). As diet protein level decreased feed consumption increased numerically and feed conversion was negatively affected (P …

Feed Value Of Cactus And Cactus Silage, Mustafa Çürek, Ni̇hat Özen

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The nutrient composition, and feed value of cactus were evaluated through total collection and nylon bag techniques. In the first trial conducted with 3 Chios rams, digestion coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extracts, crude fiber and nitrogen-free extracts of cactus leaves (cladodes) and cactus silage were found to be 57.57, 79.20, 72.69, 79.13, 27.95 and 84.14%; 57.32, 69.40, 33.21, 90.10, 13.08 and 78.45%, respectively. The contents of digestible protein, ether exctracts, fiber and nitrogen-free extracts (dry matter basis) were as 3.55, 1.61, 6.77 and 63.33%; 2.14, 1.78, 7.71 and 52.35%, respectively. Depending upon the data above, …

The Effect Of Size-Limited Brood Capacity On Brood Size In A Freshwater Bivalve, Mark Beekey

Biology Faculty Publications

Size limited brood capacity is common among species with hard exoskeletons or shells. In these species, brood size is limited by the physical capacity to hold offspring. Here we present evidence that brood size is limited by physical constraints in Sphaerium striatinum , a small brooding bivalve. Sphaerium striatinum is a sequential brooder and produces offspring throughout the year. Offspring are brooded in marsupial sacs located on the inner demibranch. In an unconstrained brooder one would predict that brood size would increase as a function of adult length cubed, a volumetric relationship. In S. striatinum, brood size increases as less …