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A Comparison Of The Imapct Of Environmental Stressors On Blood Parameters Of Captive Harbor Seals (Phoca Vitulina), Maura Allard

Senior Honors Projects

Little research has been established in determining blood chemistry values for harbor seals in Alaska. It has been suggested that various environmental factors can influence the blood chemistry values due to temperature, day length, precipitation, constraint and diet amongst other variables. Currently there are no guidelines for veterinarians and rehabilitators to refer to when analyzing blood chemistry values for sick animals. The hope for this research is that it will aide in establishing guidelines for specific circumstances due to environmental stressors. It is hoped that in the future, this study will be used to create values for which veterinarians can …

Performance Of Pre And Post-Partum Weather Stressed Cows Supplemented With Yeast Culture, Fabian Ortiz

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Livestock have been fed yeast as a feed supplement for more than 100 years Stone, C. 00). Yeast is a microscopic, single cell fungi of the plant kingdom. Of the 50,000 species of fungi, only 60 different genera of yeast representing about 500 different species exist. A few of these are used commercially in the animal feed industry as active dry yeast or yeast culture (Kreger, van Rij, 1984). Yeast culture consists of live yeast cells, plus the medium on which yeast is grown. Yeast products are commonly fed as pro-biotics, but little is known about their effects. Some studies …

Catalase Activity Mediates The Inhibitory Actions Of 24,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3, Sven L. Peery

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The steroid hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ [1,25(OH)₂D₃] rapidly stimulates the uptake of phosphate in isolated chick intestinal cells, while the steroid 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ [24,25(OH)₂D₃] inhibits the rapid stimulation by 1,25(OH)₂D₃. Earlier work in this laboratory has indicated that a cellular binding protein for the 24,25(OH)₂D₃ is the enzyme catalase. Since binding resulted in decreased catalase activity and increased H₂O₂ production, studies were undertaken to determine if pro-oxidant conditions mimicked the inhibitory actions of 24,25(OH)₂D₃, and anti-oxidant conditions …

Coastal Aquaculture And Conservation Can Work Together, Tim Dempster, Pablo Sanchez-Jerez, Fernando Tuya, Damian Fernandez-Jover, Just Bayle-Sempere, Arturo Boyra, Ricardo Haroun

School of Natural Sciences Publications

Current fishing practices are regarded as unsustainable (Pauly et al. 2002), yet our appetite for seafood grows. To meet the growing gap, there are increasing calls for mankind to tame the oceans through aquaculture (Marra 2005). Close to the coast, rapid expansion of marine aquaculture is underway throughout the world. Sea cages enclose 2.5 million tons of fish, while 12 million tons of mussels, oysters and clams hang from floating ropes or grow on racks or trays (FAO 2004). Aquaculture structures are now ubiquitous to many coastlines. As the expansion continues, how can we best manage the interaction between natural …

Tapirs And Rhinoceroses In Captivity: An Examination Of The North American Captive Populations And Their Husbandry, Lisa A. Nordstrom

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

All species of Tapiridae and Rhinocerotidae are threatened or endangered in the wild. Captive populations have been established for most of these species, but successful management has proved challenging. Effective ex situ conservation strategies, however, rely on the ability of zoological institutions to maintain and breed these endangered species. In this study, I examined the captive environment to identify the factors associated with reproduction, mortality, and health of rhinos and tapirs. Zoological institutions in the North American region that currently housed rhinos and/or tapirs were surveyed in 2003. Attaining an approximately 90% response rate, I compiled information on the following …

Food Item Coloration Of The Common Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri Sciureus): An Analysis Of Color Vision Polymorphism At The Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Stefan Cooper Rosin

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Though the genetic and physiological aspects of primate color vision are understood, knowledge of the history and advantage of such an adaptation is currently limited to speculation. It appears that trichromatic color vision arose as a foraging specialization, though there is reason to believe dichromacy, or red-green color blindness, provides unique advantages as well. This study examines the coloration of food items of the common squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) at the Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Yasuni National Park “buffer zone,” Ecuador. Saimiri is known to be polymorphic with respect to color vision, exhibiting both di- and trichromacy. With the goal of …

The Grazing Of Cattle In The Southern Pastoral Areas Of Western Australia, Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia

Land resources best practice series

The Land Administration Act 1997 requires a pastoralist to manage and work the land within a pastoral lease to its best advantage and use methods of best pastoral and environmental management practice to achieve sustainable land use. The Pastoral Lands Board will use these best management practices as a guideline.

The Grazing Of Goats In The Pastoral Areas Of Western Australia : Best Management Practice Guidelines, Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia

Land resources best practice series

The Land Administration Act 1997 (LAA) requires a pastoralist to manage and work the land within a pastoral lease to its best advantage and use methods of best pastoral and environmental management practices to achieve sustainable land use. For the purposes of the pastoral provisions in Part 7 of the LAA, a distinction is made between authorised and prohibited stock. Recent amendments of the classification of goats, from prohibited stock to authorised stock, require that a best practice management framework be developed to ensure future sustainability of the industry. This document recognises the existence of a de facto managed goat …

The Grazing Of Sheep In The Pastoral Areas Of Western Australia : Best Management Practice Guidelines, Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia

Land resources best practice series

The Land Administration Act 1997 requires a pastoralist to manage and work the land within a pastoral lease to its best advantage and use methods of best pastoral and environmental management practices to achieve sustainable land use. The Pastoral Lands Board will use these best practices as a guideline.

2006 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Little International Agricultural Exposition South Dakota State University

Little International "Little I" Agricultural Exposition Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Forage Systems For Minimizing Hay And Concentrate Feed Needs, Glen E. Aiken

Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention

Cattlemen typically simplify their pasture management by relying on one or two forages that are well adapted and persist under their targeted levels of management and production. The 5.5 million acres of Kentucky-31 tall fescue in Kentucky is a strong indication how producers in the state rely on the cool-season perennial grass, sometimes in mixture with red or white clover, to meet their grazing needs. An advantage of this approach is that fertilization and grazing management is based on a single growth distribution and set of fertilizer needs. Disadvantages are that yield, growth distribution, and quality of forage may not …

Cost Of Gain Comparison Between Cattle Finished At Opportunities Farm In South Dakota And Cattle Finished In Kansas, Erik Loe, Robbi Pritchard, Matt Loewe

South Dakota Beef Report, 2006

Cost of gain is an important factor in determining the profit or loss of feeder cattle. For comparison of cost of gain between cattle finished in Southeast South Dakota and cattle finished in Southwest Kansas closeouts of cattle fed at the Opportunities Farm near Lennox, SD were compared with information published by Kansas State University in the monthly Focus on Feedlots. Cattle feeders in the Midwest, including South Dakota, are competitive with cattle feeders in other regions of the United States due to this regions lower ration costs and cost of gain.

Effect Of Single Vs. Pulsing Doses Of Estradiol 17-Β And Trenbolone Acetate In Finishing Steers Fed A High Concentrate Diet, Sandi L. Parr, Robbi H. Pritchard, Kelly W. Bruns

South Dakota Beef Report, 2006

The effect of implant dosing pattern on anabolic response was evaluated in predominately Angus steers (n=192). Steers, except the control, were implanted with 1 of 3 different implant strategies. Cumulatively all implant treatments received a dose of 24 mg estradiol 17-β (E2) and 120 mg trenbolone acetate (TBA). Dosing patterns were 8 mg E2 and 40 mg TBA given 3 times; 12 mg E2 and 60 mg TBA given 2 times or 24 mg E2 and 120 mg TBA given 1 time. Implanted cattle had heavier body weights, increased average daily gain, and lower feed conversion compared to non-implanted controls. …

Effect Of Increasing Dietary Concentration Of Dried Distillers Grains Plus Solubles On Phosphorus Balance In Finishing Steers, Clint Benson, Cody Wright, Josh Mccarthick, Robbi Pritchard

South Dakota Beef Report, 2006

Eight crossbred steers (initial BW = 972.2 ± 33.5 lb) were used in a replicated Latin square design to determine the effect of increasing dietary concentrations of dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) on phosphorus (P) balance in finishing steers. The control (CON) diet contained 79% dry rolled corn (DRC), 10% cottonseed hulls, 6% soybean meal (SBM), and 5% mineral supplement (total diet P concentration = 0.26%). In each of the remaining three diets, all of the SBM and a portion of the DRC were removed and replaced with DDGS at 12%, 24%, and 36% of the diet (total diet …

Fatty Acid Composition And Thermal Properties Of Lipid From Milk And Butter From Lactating Holstein Cows Fed A Supplemental Lipid Either High Or Low In Palmitic Acid, M. K. Beam, L. W. Lassonde, B. C. Veltri, S. J. Taylor, Rafael Jiménez-Flores, E. J. Depeters

Dairy Science

Abstract of paper presented at the 2006 Joint Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association & the American Society of Animal Science.

The Cattle Industry's Guidelines For The Care And Handling Of Cattle

Nebraska Beef Quality Assurance Program

Cattlemen have long recognized the need to properly care for livestock. Sound animal husbandry practices, based on decades of practical experience and research, are known to impact the wellbeing of cattle, individual animal health and herd productivity. Cattle are produced in very diverse environments and geographic locations in the United States. There is not one specific set of production practices that can be recommended for all cattle producers. Personal experience, training and professional judgment can serve as a valuable resource for providing proper animal care.

Dairy Digest 2006, South Dakota State University Dairy Club

Dairy Digest

No abstract provided.

2006 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Beef Report, 2006

This is the 2006 South Dakota Beef Report. The articles published in this report summarize many of the beef cattle research activities conducted at South Dakota State University during 2006. The articles in this report have many levels of application. Some information has immediate application for your farm, ranch, or agribusiness. The articles include information on nutrition, feed management, reproductive management, health, growth and development, and economics of the cattle and beef industry in South Dakota.

Application Of The 1996 Nrc To Protein And Energy Nutrition Of Range Cattle, H. H. Patterson, D. C. Adams, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. P. Lardy

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Based on applications of the 1996 National Research Council (NRC) Nutrient Requirement of Beef Cattle (2000 update) model at our laboratories and on use of the model to evaluate published literature, it is our assessment that the NRC model (Level 1) represents an advancement in nutrient requirements of grazing cattle. We evaluated 8 published studies (35 treatment observations) to compare observed changes in body condition score (BCS) to those predicted by the NRC model, and to develop criteria to help with application of the model to range cattle nutrition. When in vitro organic matter disappearance (IVOMD) of grazed diets was …

Effect Of Supplementing Distillers Grain Or Corn On Performance Of Cows Grazing Spring Pasture During The Breeding Season, Tyler A. Melroe, Richard J. Pruitt, George A. Perry, Jeffrey A. Clapper, Heather A. Werner

South Dakota Beef Report, 2006

In a 2 yr study 180 lactating cows (2 to 10 yr old) grazing pastures dominated by smooth bromegrass and Kentucky bluegrass near Brookings, SD received 3 supplemental treatments for 48 d beginning in mid May. Cows received 4.6 lb DM of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), 4.3 lb corn DM, or no supplement daily, starting approximately 14 d prior to the start of the breeding season. Cows were bled weekly for 5 wk beginning 1 wk prior to the beginning of the treatment period. Serum was analyzed for progesterone concentration to determine the onset of cyclicity. While supplemented …

Evaluation Of Reproduction And Blood Metabolites In Beef Heifers Fed Dried Distillers Grains Plus Solubles And Soybean Hulls During Late Gestation, Chanda L. Engel, H. H. Trey Patterson, Ron Haigh, Jason Johnson, Mindy Hubert, Brandi Perry, George A. Perry

South Dakota Beef Report, 2006

Dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) contain a significant amount of both undegradable intake protein and fat, which have both been shown to increase reproductive performance when supplemented to heifers during gestation. The mechanisms leading to enhanced reproduction when fat or UIP are supplemented have not been fully defined. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate DDGS or soybean hulls (SBH) fed during the last trimester of gestation on circulating concentrations of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and reproductive efficiency. Ninety-five crossbred heifers were grouped by expected calving date, BW, BCS, and randomly assigned to DDGS …

The Jackrabbit Dairy Review, Vikram Mistry

The Jackrabbit Dairy & Food Review

No abstract provided.

Terpenes And Carbohydrate Source Influence Rumen Fermentation, Digestibility, Intake, And Preference In Sheep, J. J. Villalba, F. D. Provenza, K. C. Olson

Green Canyon Environmental Research Area, Logan Utah

We hypothesized that toxins and nutrients in foods interact to influence foraging behavior by herbivores. Based on this hypothesis we predicted that 1) terpenes in big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) influence intake and preference in sheep for diets varying in sources of nonstructural (barley grain) and structural (sugar beet pulp) carbohydrates, and 2) these effects are due to the differential effects of terpenes on fermentation products and apparent digestibility of each class of carbohydrates. Lambs were fed 2 isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets with varying proportions of the same ingredients (beet pulp- and barley grain-based diet) or offered a choice between the …

Exploration And Habituation In Intact Free Moving Octopus Vulgaris, Jennifer Mather

Sentience Collection

Despite the huge numbers of studies published on the learning of cephalopod mollusks, studies on non-associative learning are scarce. We tested non-associative learning (habituation) and exploration in Octopus vulgaris in two different studies using a prey-shaped object (Study A) and inanimate objects and food objects (Study B). Study A consisted of the repeated presentation of a prey-like stimulus, which 23 subjects could only explore visually. In study B, 14 octopuses were presented two Lego blocks (one black and white with a smooth surface, one a blue "snowflake" with a rough surface) and two food items, one preferred (clams) and one …

Differential Effects Of Sodium And Magnesium Sulfate On Water Consumption By Beef Cattle, A. S. Grout, D. M. Veira, D. M. Weary, M. A. G. Von Keyserlingk, D. Fraser

Biochemistry Collection

The existing guidelines for maximum sulfate (SO₄) in cattle drinking water are based on Na2SO₄, although many water sources contain greater concentrations of MgSO₄. Two experiments compared the effect of different SO₄ salts on water consumption and fecal DM of cattle. In Exp. 1, 8 yearling heifers (initial BW = 345 ± 8 kg; mean ± SD) were watered twice daily with tapwater or water containing Na₂SO₄ or MgSO₄ at target levels of 1,500, 3,000, or 4,500 mg of SO₄/L for 2-d treatment periods separated by 2 …

Farming For The Future Self-Assessment Tool (Sat), Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia, Danielle England, Rebecca Ashley Jones, John Noonan, Jon Warren

Bulletins 4000 -

Western Australian produce is some of the cleanest, safest and most reliable in the world. It is also being produced in an increasingly sustainable manner as our primary producers adopt documented and industry agreed, current recommended practices. International markets and local consumers want to be confident that their goods have been produced in a sustainable manner.

Farming for the Future now gives Western Australian producers a process to demonstrate this. Farming for the Future is working with industry to identify relevant, scientifically valid and measurable sustainable practices. These on-farm practices are being aligned with business, community and government plans for …

Use Of Lolium Multiflorum For Remediation Of Phosphorus From Poultry-Litter-Contaminated Media, Daniel L Starnes

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

No abstract provided.

Differential Expression Of Immune Response Genes In Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias Jubatus): An Indicator Of Ecosystem Health?, Lizabeth Bowen, Brian Aldridge, Kimberlee Beckmen, Tom Gelatt, Lorrie Rea, Kathy Burek, Ken Pitcher, Jeffrey L. Stott

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Characterization of the polygenic and polymorphic features of the Steller sea lion major histocompatibility complex (MHC) provides an ideal window for evaluating immunologic vigor of the population and identifying emergence of new genotypes that reflect ecosystem pressures. MHC genotyping can be used to measure the potential immunologic vigor of a population. However, since ecosystem-induced changes to MHC genotype can be slow to emerge, measurement of differential expression of these genes can potentially provide real-time evidence of immunologic perturbations. MHC DRB genes were cloned and sequenced using peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes derived from 10 Steller sea lions from southeast Alaska, Prince …

Effects Of Nutrition During Gilt Development On Lifetime Productivity Of Sows Of Two Prolific Maternal Lines: Growth And Puberty Characteristics Of Rep 1 Gilts, Beth Maricle, Matthew Anderson, Jeffrey Perkins, Donald Mcclure, Laura Albrecht, Jose-Roman Moreno-Salgado, Phillip S. Miller, Rodger K. Johnson

Nebraska Swine Reports

This report is an annual update of an ongoing experiment initiated in 2005 to investigate effects of energy restriction during gilt development on reproduction through four parities. Gilts of two genetic lines expected to differ in rate of growth are used and are developed with either ad libitum access to feed or are restricted in energy to 75% of ad libitum amounts from approximately 120 days of age to breeding. Semen of the same sires, an industry maternal line, was used to produce gilts of both lines, but their dams were from two uniquely different populations. Dams of one line …

Effect Of Low-Protein Non-Amino Acid Supplemented Diet And Ractopamine (Paylean®) On Growth Performance And Serum Urea Concentration Of Late-Finishing Pigs, Roman Moreno, Robert Fischer, Phillip S. Miller

Nebraska Swine Reports

When feeding excessive amounts of protein, the nitrogen eliminated by the pigs in swine facilities has an important impact in the environment. Therefore, it is important to define nutritional strategies that promote a more efficient use of protein. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a low-protein non-amino acid supplemented diet and ractopamine (Paylean®) on performance of late-finishing pigs. Thirty-six finishing barrows and gilts with an initial body weight of 153.4 lb were used in a 42- day experiment. Pigs were penned individually and had ad libitum access to feed and water. The pigs were randomly allotted to …