Digital Commons Network^™

Sdsu Cow/Calf Teaching And Research Unit, Cody Wright, Kevin Vander Wal, George Perry

South Dakota Beef Report, 2015

The SDSU Cow/Calf Unit (CCU) is a multi-purpose facility that provides resources for Animal Science courses and research projects. Cattle produced at the facility are also utilized by Little International, Block and Bridle, and livestock judging teams. The facility is managed by Kevin Vander Wal and generally employs 4 to 5 undergraduate students.

Top Ten Forage Improvements: The Big Picture, Garry D. Lacefield

Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention

This marks the 20th consecutive year we have done a Forage’s at KCA Program and I find it hard to believe the past 20 years have passed so quickly. The opportunities for forages in Kentucky were indeed great twenty years ago; however, they are much greater now than when we started this Conference.

My Top 5 Forage Improvements/Practices: A Dairy Take, Bill Payne

Forage Symposium at the Kentucky Cattlemen’s Convention

No abstract provided.

Effectiveness Of High Inclusion Liquid Feed For Finishing Steers, R.H. Pritchard, A.R. Taylor, H. Blalock

South Dakota Beef Report, 2015

A finishing phase study was conducted to measure the effectiveness of replacing dry rolled corn with a high inclusion liquid feed for finishing steers. Treatments were based upon 3 supplements: 1) Control 3.3% inclusion meal-type supplement (CO); 2) Typical Liquid Supplement 4.5% inclusion liquid supplement (TLS); and 3) High Liquid Supplement 9.0% inclusion liquid supplement (HLS). Supplements displaced dry rolled corn in finishing diets. Five 5 pens of 7 or 8 yearling steers with an initial BW of 930 lb assigned to each treatment for the 119 d experiment. The assayed supplement inclusion averaged 3.35%, 4.48% and 8.97% for the …

Postruminal Flow Of Glutamate Linearly Increases Small Intestinal Starch Digestion In Cattle, E.J. Blom, D.W. Brake, D.E. Anderson

South Dakota Beef Report, 2015

Improving performance and efficiency among cattle fed corn-based diets could have large benefit to cattle production in the United States. Starch escaping ruminal fermentation is not efficiently digested in the small intestine; however, postruminal flows of casein (i.e., milk protein) or glutamate (an amino acid or building block of protein) increase small intestinal starch digestion in cattle. The objective of this study was to determine responses of small intestinal starch digestion in cattle to increasing amounts of postruminal glutamate. Increasing amounts of duodenal glutamate linearly increased small intestinal and postruminal starch digestion. These data indicate that postruminal glutamate can provide …

Effect Of Processing Conditions On Nutrient Disappearance Of Cold-Pressed And Hexane-Extracted Camelina And Carinata Meals In Vitro, A. Sackey, E.E. Grings, D.W. Brake, K. Muthukumarappan

South Dakota Beef Report, 2015

Camelina and carinata are oilseed crops that have recently gained increasing attention as biofuel sources. The meals remaining after oil extraction contain relatively high concentration of protein and, because of this, there is interest in using them in livestock diets. However, the nutritional qualities of these meals are not well defined and may vary with processing conditions. In our experiment, we evaluated meals from cold-pressed and solvent-extracted camelina and carinata meals manufactured using 6 different processing conditions. Estimates of total in vitro OM and CP disappearance of each meal were determined according to a modified 2-phase procedure of Tilley and …

Comparison Of Camelina Meal And Distiller’S Dried Grains With Solubles In Diet Of Beef Replacement Heifers, E.E. Grings, A. Sackey, D.W. Brake, G.A. Perry

South Dakota Beef Report, 2015

Biofuel production from different crops yields by-product meals that are available for use as protein sources for ruminant livestock. Variation in nutrient composition among meals may result in different inclusion rates to meet nutrient needs of livestock. In this study we compared distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS), a by-product of ethanol production, and camelina meal, a by-product of biodiesel production, as a protein source in hay-based diets for beef heifers before breeding. Diets were formulated to be similar in energy and protein content by altering the amount of protein source and corn in the diet. Heifers fed the two …

News Of The Department Of Animal Science, Department Of Animal Science

Animal Science Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Post-Weaning Nutritional Programming Of Ovarian Developmentin Beef Heifers, O.L. Amundson, T.G. Fountain, E.L. Larimore, B.N. Richardson, A.K. Mcneel, E.C. Wright, D.H. Keisler, R.A. Cushman, G.A. Perry, H.C. Freetly

South Dakota Beef Report, 2015

The nutritional management of replacement females from weaning to breeding is critical to lifetime productivity. Traditionally, cereal grains have been used to develop replacement heifers to attain puberty and enter the breeding system at a younger age. However, overfeeding heifers decreases number of calves weaned, while peri-pubertal caloric restriction increased primordial follicle numbers in the developing ovary. The number of primordial follicles a female has can determine her overall fertility; females with a greater amount of follicles have greater reproductive lifespans. In this study, two groups of heifers were developed to prebreeding status. One group received a control diet (228 …

The Jackrabbit Dairy Review, Vikram Mistry

The Jackrabbit Dairy & Food Review

No abstract provided.

Length-Weight And Length-Length Relationships For Three Endemic Cyprinid Species Of The Aegean Region (Turkey) With Proposed Standard Weight Equations, Daniela Giannetto, Ali̇ Serhan Tarkan, Feri̇t Akbaş, Ni̇ldeni̇z Top, Sevan Ağdamar, Uğur Karakuş, Laura Pompei̇, Massi̇mo Lorenzoni̇

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Empirical standard weight equations and length-weight and length-length relationships were estimated for Barbus pergamonensis, Capoeta bergamae, and Ladigesocypris irideus, three endemic cyprinid species of Turkey that are still not widely studied. To the best knowledge of the authors, empirical standard weight equations for the three species and L-W parameters for L. İrideus are given here for the first time. In this study, length and weight data for B. Pergamonensis, C. Bergamae, and L. İrideus were collected throughout the watercourses of Muğla Province and were used to develop species-specific Ws equations. The results were for B. Pergamonensis (total length [TL] range: …

Broad-Scale Ecological Distribution Of Dominant Macrozoobenthic Taxa Of The Northern Cilician Shelf, Eastern Mediterranean Sea: Crustaceans, Erhan Mutlu

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The distribution of crustaceans in 3 transects (İskenderun, Mersin, and Anamur bays, including depths of 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 200 m) located within Turkish coastal borders of the Cilician shelf was studied between 2005 and 2007 to show the association with habitat types, eutrophication level, and depth-dependent environmental parameters in representative months of each season (winter, spring, summer, and autumn). A total of 153 crustacean taxa were found. Of the specimens identified at species level, 93 species were distributed in the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, 12 in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea, and 4 in …

Polymorphism Among Anterior And Posterior Sets Of Teeth In The Periphallic Organ Of Three Species Of Drosophila, Srinath Sridhar Belgaum, Nanjaiah Shivanna

Turkish Journal of Zoology

For the first time, morphological polymorphism among the anterior and posterior sets of primary teeth of the periphallic organ was observed among natural populations of Drosophila. Natural and laboratory populations of 3 different species (D. Ananassae, D. Bipectinata, and D. Malerkotliana) belonging to the ananassae subgroup were used to study the intra- and interspecific variations in the number of teeth of the anterior and posterior sets of the periphallic organ. There are about 22, 20, and 20 possible combinations of sets of teeth recorded in D. Ananassae, D. Bipectinata, and D. Malerkotliana, respectively. The maximum frequency of anterior and posterior …

An Investigation On The Population Parameters Of Freshwater Crayfish (Astacus Leptodactylus Esch., 1823) In Lake İznik (Bursa), Hamdi̇ Aydin, Muzaffer Mustafa Harlioğlu, Tomri̇s Deni̇z

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Length-weight relationships, distribution of length and weight groups, sex ratio, and length compositions of the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (Esch., 1823) population in Lake İznik (Bursa), along with some reproductive-period characteristics (spawning periods, pleopod egg numbers, and egg incubation periods), were investigated between February 2010 and May 2011. For this purpose, 1897 freshwater crayfish samples (896 female, 1001 male) were collected, using fyke nets of 34-mm nominal bar length. It was observed that females carried pleopodal eggs during the second week of January, and they carried first-stage juveniles during the second week of June. Individuals within the 76-149 mm total length …

The Effects Of Larval Diet Restriction On Developmental Time, Preadult Survival, And Wing Length In Drosophila Melanogaster, Pinar Güler, Nazli Ayhan, Can Koşukcu, Banu Şebnem Önder

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Environmental stress effects on life history traits have been shown by many studies up to the present. Organisms are frequently affected by nutritional stress in nature. Nutritional restriction has been used as an artificial environmental stress by scientists since 1935. As a result of such studies, it is known that nutritional intake during developmental stages can affect many life history traits as a response to environmental stress in Drosophila melanogaster. In this study, we used 15 different diet regimes with variable yeast and sugar concentrations to test the effects of dietary changes on viability, developmental time, and wing size. Our …

Roost Characteristics And Habitat Preferences Of Indian Flying Fox (Pteropus Giganteus) In Urban Areas Of Lahore, Pakistan, Tayiba Latif Gulraiz, Arshad Javid, Muhammad Mahmood-Ul-Hassan, Azhar Maqbool, Sana Ashraf, Makhdoom Hussain, Sharoon Daud

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Roost characteristics of Indian flying fox Pteropus giganteus at the Jinnah (n = 1052) and Lalazar (n = 40) gardens in Lahore were observed for a period of 1 year to find roost preferences in these bats. The Jinnah garden harbors 4119 trees belonging to 46 families, 103 genera, and 132 species, of which 44 trees belonging to 17 families, 19 genera, and 21 species served as bat roosts. The Lalazar garden harbors 90 trees representing 7 families, 9 genera, and 9 species. Six of these belonging to 2 families, 2 genera, and 2 species each served as bat roosts. …

Seasonal Variations Of Abundance And Live/Dead Compositions Of Copepods In Mersin Bay, Northeastern Levantine Sea (Eastern Mediterranean), Şengül Beşi̇ktepe, Kam Wing Tang, Gopikrishna Mantha

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The seasonality of abundance and live/dead compositions of copepods was studied in the northeastern Mediterranean Sea. Zooplankton, chlorophyll-a, and PO4 sampling was performed on a monthly basis from March 2006 to February 2007 at both a coastal station and an open water station. At the coastal station, high phytoplankton biomass was driven by PO4 input from the Lamas River. On annual average, copepod abundance was 53,075 and 140,227 ind. m-2 at the coastal and open water stations, respectively. The most common copepod taxa were Oithona similis, Euterpina acutifrons, Labidocera spp., Oncaea media, and Temora spp. at the coastal station, and …

Assessing Age, Growth, And Reproduction Of Alburnus Mossulensis And Acanthobrama Marmid (Cyprinidae) Populations In Karakaya Dam Lake (Turkey), Aysel Alkan Uçkun, Di̇dem Gökçe

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In total, 626 individuals of Alburnus mossulensis and 586 individuals of Acanthobrama marmid were collected monthly from Karakaya Dam Lake on the upper Euphrates River. The gonadosomatic index, somatic condition, oocyte size, and fecundity were calculated on a monthly basis. Reading of scales indicated that the maximum age was 4+ years for A. mossulensis and A. marmid. The estimated length-weight relationships were W = 0.206 × FL^{2.065} for females and W = 0.119 × FL^{2.138} for males in A. mossulensis, and W = 0.029 × FL^{2.678} for females and W = 0.030 × FL^{2.631} for males in A. marmid. Growth …

Life History Traits In Bufotes Variabilis (Pallas, 1769) From 2 Different Altitudes In Turkey, Abdullah Altunişik, Nurhayat Özdemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Life history characteristics (e.g., longevity, age at maturity, body size, and body mass) of the green toad, Bufotes variabilis, were investigated from 2 populations inhabiting different altitudes (Çankırı, 960 m a.s.l., n = 57; Adana, 13 m a.s.l., n = 52) in Turkey. Age was determined using skeletochronology. The oldest individual was 11 years old (range: 4-11 years) in the highland population, while the oldest individual was 6 years old in the lowland population (range: 2-6 years). Sexual maturity was estimated at 3-4 years in the highland population and 2-3 years in the lowland population by the skeletochronological pattern. Mean …

Importance Of Estrus Expression Before Fixed-Time Aion Conception Rates In Beef Cattle, B.N. Richardson, S.L. Hill, J.S. Stevenson, G.D. Dijira, G.A. Perry

South Dakota Beef Report, 2015

Expression of estrus prior to fixed-time AI has been reported to strongly impact overall pregnancy success. Behavioral estrus is a visual indicator that a cow or heifer’s internal environment is prepared for breeding. Insemination of a cow or heifer after estrus has been expressed will yield greater pregnancy success due to adequate uterine environment, increased fertilization rates, increased accessory sperm numbers, and increased overall embryo survival. It can be difficult to analyze the effects of estrus on pregnancy success across studies due to differences in number of animals and proportion of animals exhibiting estrus per study. In order to accurately …

2015 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Beef Report, 2015

This is the 2015 South Dakota Beef Report produced by the SDSU Department of Animal Sciences in conjunction with the Agricultural Experiment Station, and the SDSU Cooperative Extension. The articles published in this report summarize many of the beef cattle research activities conducted at South Dakota State University during 2015. The articles in this report have many levels of application. Some information has immediate application for your farm, ranch, or agribusiness. The articles include information on nutrition,management, health, growth and development, and economics of the cattle and beef industry in South Dakota.

Uterine Environment And Pregnancy Rate Of Heiferswith High Blood Urea Concentrations, O.L. Amundson, E.L. Larimore, A.K. Mcneel, C.C. Chase, R.A. Cushman, H.C. Freetly, G.A. Perry

South Dakota Beef Report, 2015

Reports demonstrate that excess dietary protein significantly alters the ionic composition of uterine fluid during the luteal phase ultimately decreasing fertility. Since the early bovine embryo cannot adapt to changes in the uterine environment, changes in the concentrations of ions (pH) in the uterus can be unfavorable to embryo development and survival therefore having negative effects on fertility. In this study, heifers fed a high protein diet had elevated systemic concentrations of plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) compared to heifers fed a control diet. However, there was no deleterious effect on uterine pH or reproductive success. In summary, excess protein in …

Time Of Suckling Implant Influences Onweaning Weight, Post-Weaning Performance, And Carcass Traits In Steer Calves, R.H. Pritchard, A.R. Taylor, S.M. Holt, K.W. Bruns, H.M. Blalock

South Dakota Beef Report, 2015

The effect of time of suckling calf implant (SCI) use on weaning weight (WW), post-weaning performance and subsequent carcass traits was compared in steer calves produced on one ranch in western SD. Calves were born in March and April of each year and were reared on native range prior to weaning. The SCI strategies used included: non implanted controls (NI) or implanted with Synovex C either in May (MAY), or August (AUG). Age groups of dams (≥4 years) were managed separately through the breeding seasons. At weaning (late October) all calves were weaned and relocated to the SDSU Ruminant Nutrition …

Avs Corner, January 2015, Allison Millican, Casey Wheeler, Emily Cook, Jennifer Lantzer, Karen Taylor, Megan Kelley, Tina Rowland, Johanna Johnson

AVS Corner

No abstract provided.

“Goats That Stare At Men” – Dwarf Goats Alter Their Behaviour In Response To Human Head Orientation But Do Not Spontaneously Use Head Direction As A Cue In A Food-Related Context, Christian Nawroth, Eberhard Von Borell, Jan Langbein

Social Cognition Collection

Recently, comparative research on the mechanisms and species-specific adaptive values of attributing attentive states and using communicative cues has gained increased interest, particularly in non-human primates, birds, and dogs. Here, we investigate these phenomena in a farm animal species, the dwarf goat (Capra aegagrus hircus). In the first experiment, we investigated the effects of different human head and body orientations, as well as human experimenter presence/absence, of a human on the behaviour of goats in a food-anticipating paradigm. Over a 30-sec interval, the experimenter engaged in one of four different postures or behaviours (head and body towards the subject, head …

Dairy Digest 2015, South Dakota State University Dairy Club

Dairy Digest

No abstract provided.

Message From The Editorial Board, John R. Clark

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

2015 Interior Least Tern And Piping Plover Monitoring, Research, Management, And Outreach Report For The Lower Platte River, Nebraska, Mary Bomberger Brown, Lauren R. Dinan, Joel G. Jorgensen

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Abstract:

This document reports on our monitoring, research, management, and outreach activities during the past 12 months (2014–2015). We prepared it to inform our partners, cooperating agencies, funding sources, and other interested parties of our activities and to provide a preliminary summary of our results.

The lower Platte River and its major tributaries provide important nesting and migratory stopover habitat for two bird species of special conservation concern: the state and federally endangered Interior Least Tern (Sternula antillarum athalassos) and threatened Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus). The Tern and Plover Conservation Partnership (TPCP), based at the University …

Technical Note: Collection And Preparation Techniques Change Nutrient Composition Of Masticate Collected From Esophageally Fistulated Cattle, Jacqueline A. Musgrave, J. V. Judy, K. H. Jenkins, T. J. Klopfenstein, L. A. Stalker

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two experiments determined effects of collection and preparation techniques on nutrient composition of masticate samples from esophageally fistulated cattle. In Exp. 1, 12 esophageally fistulated cattle were maintained on 2 precollection diets, high CP (24% CP; n = 6) or low CP (7.7% CP; n = 6), for 8 d. On d 9, the esophageal plug was removed, screen bottom bags were attached, and each cow was offered fresh grass. Immediately after fresh grass sample collection was complete, dry grass (hay) was offered and a sample was collected. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for serum urea nitrogen concentration. Masticate …