Digital Commons Network^™

Applications In Utilization Of Forage Chemical Composition And Predicting Equine Digestibility, Veronica Taylor Bill

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Most forage quality models were developed for ruminant nutrition, and may not apply to the horse. This two-part study evaluated the relationship between forage chemical composition and dry matter digestibility (DMD) using an in vitro method with equine feces as the inoculums. The first experiment determined that compared to 48 h of incubation, 72 h of incubation resulted in higher DMD for some forages. As a result of experiment 1, incubations in experiment 2 were conducted using 48 and 72 h incubation periods at 38 degrees C. The second experiment evaluated the effect of chemical composition on DMD. Thirty-one hay …

Effect Of Exogenous Enzymes On Apparent Metabolizable Energy Value Of Barley In Swine And Broiler Chickens, Brian L. Bryson

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of exogenous enzyme supplementation, phytase and xylanase-glucanase, on AME value of barley in poultry and swine. In the first study, 280 broilers were assigned 1 of 8 treatments. Barley inclusion in the diet resulted in decreased (P < 0.05) performance. There was a treatment × phytase × xylanase-glucanase interaction for dry matter retention with birds fed the corn-SBM-barley diet supplemented with phytase and xylanase-glucanase having higher (P < 0.05) DM retention compared to birds fed corn-SBM-based diet with only xylanase-glucanase supplementation. AME and AMEn of corn-SBM-based diets were greater (P < 0.05) than the corn-SBM-barley-based diets. Energy metabolizability and AMEn of barley significantly increased with xylanase-glucanase supplementation. In the second study, 24 pigs (12 pigs/phase) were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments with xylanase-glucanase and phytase. After a 7-d adaption period, urine and feces were quantitatively collected for 5 d. DE of the barley-based diet supplemented with xylanase-glucanase (3,578 kcal/kg) and phytase and xylanase-glucanase in combination (3,617 kcal/kg) were significantly different. Compared to control diets, exogenous enzymes either significantly improved or had a tendency to improve AME and AMEn value of barley in broilers, but not in growing pigs.

Predicting Kidding Date Using Prepartum Milk Calcium Concentrations And Comparing Kid Growth To Colostrum Quality In Goats, Justin M. Hamm

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Goats have an ancient history with humankind and are used as a red meat source around the world. This provides an opportunity in Arkansas agriculture. There is a gap in goat research which facilitated the conception of the study’s objectives to determine whether prepartum milk in goats showed a rise in calcium levels within 24 to 48 hours of kidding and to ascertain whether an increased colostrum density is indicative of increased weight gain in kids. Eleven does were bred out of season and monitored for mammary development. Then, 5 to 15 mL of prepartum milk were collected, and the …

Impact Of Teat Order On Feed Consumption In Swine From Birth To Nursery, Callan A. Lichtenwalter, Jason K. Apple, Beth Kegley, Tsung C. Tsai

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

A relationship between teat order and feed consumption has been assumed in pigs, but no study has looked at this exact relationship. Pigs were observed shortly after birth to be in either a cranial, middle, or caudal teat positon. Growth performance data and active and total plasma ghrelin concentrations were analyzed at birth, weaning, and at the end of the nursery stage of production to see if a relationship with teat order was present. Overall, no effect of teat order was found on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, gain-to-feed ratio, or body weight among pigs from each section …

Effects Of Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Seed And Bromocriptine On Endocrine And Immune Function In Horses, Jessica Marie Hanneman

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Consumption of endophyte-infected (E+) grasses has long been associated with health problems in animals. In cattle E+ tall fescue consumption leads to fescue toxicosis, and in horses it leads reproductive problems. The health-related issues associated with endophyte consumption have been attributed to the effects caused by the ergot alkaloids produced by the fungus. These ergot alkaloids are considered D2-like receptor agonists, and 5-HT2 serotonin and α-adrenergic receptor partial agonists. Many studies in humans, swine, cattle, and horses have identified that ergopeptines cause a decrease in prolactin production due to their dopaminergic activities. Additionally, these molecules have been found to cause …

Letter From The Dean, Deacue Fields

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Comparing The Effects Of Monensin And Sodium Butyrate On Coccidia In Post-Weaned Heifers, Hannah R. Coffin

Honors Theses and Capstones

The emergence of antibiotic resistances has raised concerns in society about the widespread use of antibiotics, such as monensin, as growth enhancers in agriculture. Pressure to find alternatives has increased since the European Union banned the use of ionophorous antibiotics. Butyrate supplementation has been found to enhance growth in pre-weaned calves and it has been recently suggested to enhance growth in post-weaned heifers. In a recent study by Rice in 2017, there was a quadratic (P=0.03) response for coccidia counts as sodium butyrate was increased, with the lowest counts being at the intermediate doses. This suggested that butyrate has the …

2018 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report (Complete)

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Contents

Cow/Calf: Analyses of Birthdate and Growth in Beef Heifers Categorized by Puberty and Pregnancy Status • Letrozole: A Steroid-Free Estrous Synchronization Method • Comparison of Two Alternate Prostaglandin Products in Yearling Beef Heifers • Impact of Pre-and Postpartum Nutrition on March-calving Cow and Progeny Productivity • Effects of Late Gestation Supplementation, Synchronization, and Creep Feeding in a Spring Calving Beef Herd in the Nebraska Sandhills • Effect of Supplementation during the Breeding Season on a May-calving Herd in the Nebraska Sandhills • Impact of Winter Supplementation of May Calving Cows and Heifer Development System in Two Different Breeding Seasons …

Why Do We Want To Think Humans Are Different?, Colin A. Chapman, Michael A. Huffman

Animal Sentience

One harmful consequence of creating categories where one group is unique and superior to others is that it justifies committing negative, often atrocious, acts on the members of the inferior group. Correcting divisive human categorizations (racial superiority, gender superiority) has bettered society. Scholars have often claimed that humans are unique and superior to nonhuman animals. These claims need to be reevaluated. Many have already been refuted. Animals have been shown to outperform humans in many tasks, including cognitive ones. Here we raise the question: Has the false sense of superiority been used to justify human cruelty to animals?

Role Of Nest Site Microclimate And Food Availability In Chick Development And Reproductive Success In Black-Legged Kittiwakes (Rissa Tridactyla), Lindsay Mae Lacey

Honors Theses

Seabirds are marine top predators, and as such are often studied as bioindicators of climate shifts (Oswald and Arnold 2012). Though many studies have analyzed the effect of macroclimatic variation on marine prey species availability and thus seabirds, few have analyzed effects of microclimate - fine spatial patterns of climate (Mantua and Hare 2002; Hatch 2013; Kim and Monaghan 2005a). I tested the hypothesis that localized temperature and humidity at nest sites interact with food availability to alter black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) nest site quality, chick body condition during growth and development, and reproductive parameters including Julian lay …

Endocrine And Hematobiochemical Profile Of Lambs Raised In A Semiaridregion With Different Growth Potentials During The Postweaning Period, Shiva Pratap Singh, Gopal Dass, Ramachandran Natesan, Yogender Kushwah, Nandini Sharma, Ashok Kumar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted for establishment of the relationship of blood variables with growth rate of postweaned lambs. Eight lambs each of fast growth (FG; 11.6 ± 0.5 kg live wt. at weaning) and slow growth (SG; 7.7 ± 0.5 kg live wt. at weaning) were monitored fortnightly for endocrine and hematobiochemical variables along with parasitic load and growth performance. Recording of body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) was performed monthly from birth to 180 days. Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher while thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in FG lambs compared to SG lambs. Blood cell counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in FG lambs compared to SG lambs. Except for the birth wt., the BW and ADG of FG lambs were significantly (P < 0.05) higher at all time points. Liver enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase) and triglyceride were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in SG lambs compared to FG lambs. These findings indicate a significant influence of growth rate on peripheral concentrations of endocrine and some hematobiochemical variables in lambs. These selected variables can be used for early identification and culling of slow-growing lambs for better economic return to lamb producers.

Comparison Of Pre- And Postpartum Serum Leptin, Ghrelin, And Lipid Levels In Sheep, Ethem Mutlu Temi̇zel, Hüseyi̇n Ci̇han, Pinar Levent, Ahmet Saril, Yeşi̇m Özarda, Zeki̇ Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Serum leptin and ghrelin play important roles in energy metabolism and inducing appetite during pregnancy and lactation. We investigated the serum levels of leptin and ghrelin and their relationship with the duration of lactation and serum biochemical responses during the prepartum (last week before lambing) and postpartum periods in sheep. They were also evaluated between pregnant and nonpregnant (control ewes) ewes. For these purposes, pregnant (n = 15) and control Awassi ewes (n = 15) that were 2 years of age were used in this study. Blood samples were collected 1 week before the expected date of lambing (baseline) and …

Alterations Of Circulating Cortisol, Igf-1, And Thyroid Hormones In Darehshori Horses During A Year, Aliasghar Chalmeh, Mehrdad Pourjafar, Khalil Badiei, Mohammad Mazrouei Sebdani, Ali Sadeghpour, Hasan Sheikhi, Ali Khezri

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Season may be considered as a factor that affects the equine endocrine profile. Hence, from January to November 2015, 27 clinically healthy adult Darehshori racehorses were selected. Thirteen of them were stallions and the others were mares. Ten of them were more than 10 years old and 17 horses were under the age of 10 years. None of them were pregnant or lactating during the study. Body condition scores of 12 horses were below and the others were above 5. Blood samplings and body condition score evaluations were performed every 45 days during a year. Serum levels of cortisol, IGF-1, …

Investigation Of The Efficiency And Safety Of Tilmicosin Phosphate In Treating Experimentalmycoplasmal Infections In Pigs, Xiaohui Zhang, Jinzhe Pan, Ning Wu, Shu Tang, Xiangdong Lei, Yangyang Sun, Joerg Hartung, Endong Bao

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In order to evaluate the in vivo therapeutic effect of oral administration of tilmicosin phosphate on mycoplasmal pneumonia in swine and its safety for the infected swine, the model of mycoplasmal pneumonia disease in swine was established by artificial infection, and indices such as efficiency, cure rate, death rate, the score of lung lesion, and the routine blood tests, blood biochemistry, and routine urine tests of tested swine were determined. The results showed that all of the dosage groups of 100 mg/L, 80 mg/L, 60 mg/L of 10% tilmicosin phosphate soluble powder demonstrated distinct therapeutic effects on mycoplasmal pneumonia in …

Effects Of The Supplementation Of Lamb Rations With Oregano Essential Oil On Theantimicrobial And Antioxidant Metabolism In Meat, Hali̇t İmi̇k, Sevda Urçar, Meryem Aydemi̇r Atasever, Recep Gümüş, Hayrunni̇sa Özlü

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Although oregano essential oil has common use in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and food sectors, information on its effects on meat quality and shelf life, when incorporated into lamb feed rations, is scarce. In this study, the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) in feed on the water activity, pH, lipid peroxidation, color parameters, and microbial counts of the Musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) were investigated. The control group was fed a basal ration and the OEO1 and OEO2 groups were fed a basal ration supplemented with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg OEO, respectively. Akkaraman lambs were fed experimental rations for a …

Improving Subtropical Grass Pastures On The South Coast Of Western Australia, Paul Sanford, Ron Master, Eric Dobbe

Bulletins 4000 -

This bulletin reports on the findings of a research project funded by DPIRD and MLA that investigated methods to improve legume content and increase production of both kikuyuand panic-based pastures on the south coast of WA.

Wintering American Black Duck Ecology Of Central Appalachia, Sara E. Yannuzzi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The American black duck (Anas rubripes) is a species of dabbling duck found only in the northeastern part of North America, and widely hunted until its decline. Since the 1950s, the total population has decreased by 53%. Habitat degradation and decline of wintering and breeding wetlands, historic overharvest, and interactions with the mallard (A. platyrhynchos) are attributed as some of the main causes of the black duck population’s decrease. Many policies and taxa- and habitat-specific joint ventures have since been created to aid in studying and improving North American wetlands and black duck populations throughout both their breeding and wintering …

Comparative Diet Of Hedgehogs (Atelerix Algirus) In Two Localities In Kabylia, Algeria, Dalila Djennoune, Faiza Marniche, Mansour Amroun, Raphaël Boulay

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The present study is the first qualitative and quantitative analysis of the diet of Algerian hedgehogs (Atelerix algirus) in Kabylia, Algeria. The study was carried out between May and October 2014 and covered two different sites, Yakouren (a forested site) and Tizi-Rached (an agricultural site). In Yakouren, the analysis of droppings allowed us to identify 12,050 items grouped into 16 categories of eaten preys, while in Tizi-Rached, 13,543 items grouped into 13 categories of preys were identified. In both locations, the Hymenoptera category is the most eaten type of prey at a rate of 93% in Yakouren and 98% in …

Apple Pomace Consumption Favorably Alters Hepatic Lipid Metabolism In Young Female Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed A Western Diet, Roy Chris Skinner, Derek C. Warren, Soofie N. Lateef, Vagner A. Benedito, Janet C. Tou

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Apple pomace, which is a waste byproduct of processing, is rich in several nutrients, particularly dietary fiber, indicating potential benefits for diseases that are attributed to poor diets, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD affects over 25% of United States population and is increasing in children. Increasing fruit consumption can influence NAFLD. The study objective was to replace calories in standard or Western diets with apple pomace to determine the effects on genes regulating hepatic lipid metabolism and on risk of NAFLD. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned (n = 8 rats/group) to isocaloric diets of AIN-93G and …

A Description Of Nesting Behaviors, Including Factors Impacting Nest Site Selection, In Black‐And‐White Ruffed Lemurs (Varecia Variegata), Andrea L. Baden

Publications and Research

Nest site selection is at once fundamental to reproduction and a poorly understood component of many organisms’ reproductive investment. This study investigates the nesting behaviors of black-and-white ruffed lemurs, Varecia variegata, a litter-bearing primate from the southeastern rainforests of Madagascar. Using a combination of behavioral, geospatial, and demographic data, I test the hypotheses that environmental and social cues influence nest site selection and that these decisions ultimately impact maternal reproductive success. Gestating females built multiple large nests throughout their territories. Of these, females used only a fraction of the originally constructed nests, as well as several parking locations as infants …

Impacts Of Elephant Crop-Raiding On Subsistence Farmers And Approaches To Reduce Human-Elephant Farming Conflict In Sagalla, Kenya, Sophia Weinmann

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

As human and elephant populations grow in Kenya, elephants increasingly leave parks to eat farmers’ crops while foraging, which creates epicenters of human-elephant conflict (HEC). This conflict compromises farmers’ food and economic security, impedes elephant conservation initiatives, and threatens the safety of humans and elephants. In recent years, the situation has been exacerbated by drought and national-level infrastructure development that bisects key elephant habitat. Although researchers have widely studied elephant populations, few have examined the cultural, economic, and emotional effects of HEC on subsistence farmers. This project utilized a mixed methods approach to address this knowledge gap and understand the …

Effect Of Ractopamine Hydrochloride On Growth Promotion In Guinea Pigs (Cavia Porcellus), Irene Citlalli Zuñiga Galindo, Jaime Alonso Navarro Hernandez, Shalaiko Christian Carlin Valderrabano, Julio Cesar Sanchez Lemus, Ivan Juarez Rodriguez, Dinorah Vargas Estrada

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Ractopamine hydrochloride (R) is commonly used in the livestock industry, mainly in pork and beef, to improve feed efficiency and productivity. In the present study, the use of R at different doses (20 ppm, 30 ppm, or 40 ppm) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of guinea pigs (male and female) was explored with a view to achieving greater use of this species for human consumption. Thirty-two clinically healthy guinea pigs at an average age of 5 weeks were used. The daily gain, feed over gain ratio, Kleiber ratio, carcass yield, and muscle thickness of the thigh in millimeters were …

Effects Of The Addition Of Essential Oils Cumimaldehyde, Eugenol, And Thymol On The In Vitro Gas Production And Digestibility Of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Silage, Mustafa Salman, Habi̇p Muruz, Nurcan Çeti̇nkaya, Zehra Selçuk, İsmai̇l Kaya

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of the addition of three essential oils, mainly cuminaldehyde, eugenol, and thymol to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage on gas production, digestibility, and metabolic energy. The essential oils were added at 0 ppm (controls) and 100 ppm (group 1), 200 ppm (group 2), and 300 ppm (group 3) with three replications. The cumulative amount of gas resulting from the addition of the three essential oils at the 96th h of incubation was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The cumulative amount of gas production at the 96th h of incubation with thymol ranged from 184.63 mL/g to 217.38 mL/g. In conclusion, this study showed that the addition of different amounts of cuminaldehyde, eugenol, and thymol to alfalfa silage reduced the amount of in vitro gas production. Therefore, these treatments can potentially reduce environmental pollution from ruminal digestion. However, the use of increasing levels of essential oils reduced the amounts of digestible organic matter and metabolic energy. Additional studies are necessary to reveal the effects of these essential oils on in vivo ruminal fermentation by measuring changes in feed consumption and productivity.