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Clutch Size In The Eastern Kingbird: Factors Affecting Nestling Survival, Michael T. Murphy

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Observational and experimental procedures were used to evaluate the potential importance of brood size and weather on the evolution of clutch size in the Eastern Kingbird. Modal clutch size was three eggs, yet broods of four were most productive. Nestling size varied inversely with brood size, so that "nestling quality" was lower in broods of four than in broods of three. Asymptotic weight of nestlings in broods of three was directly and significantly correlated with ambient air temperature, followed by hatch order. Because larger broods were being fed during a period of relatively cool and wet weather, the effects of …

1983 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Little International Agricultural Exposition South Dakota State University

Little International "Little I" Agricultural Exposition Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Ld50: A Cruel Waste Of Animals

Close Up Reports

The HSUS leads fight to ban needless and inaccurate death test

Index Selection And Feed Intake Restriction In Swine, I: Effect On Rate And Composition Of Growth, Erik R. Cleveland, R. K. Johnson, R. W. Mandigo

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of index selection for increased average daily gain and decreased backfat, and the effects of restriction of daily feed intake, on rate and composition of growth in swine. A total of 53 barrows from select and control lines were randomly assigned to three feeding levels at 83 d of age, and 33 littermate barrows were slaughtered to establish initial body composition. The trial was approximately 105 d and the feeding levels were twice daily to appetite (AP), once daily feeding of 91% of appetite (AP9l) and once daily feeding of …

Whole Issue Nebraska Bird Review (March 1983) 51(1)

Nebraska Bird Review

Table of Contents

Treasurer's Report ....................2

1982 (Twenty·third) Fall Occurrence Report....................3

1982 Christmas Count....................14

Two Additions to the Nebraska List ....................18

A Winter Roadside Survey of Hawks etc.....................19

Notes....................22

"Notes," From Nebraska Bird Review (March 1983) 51(1).

Nebraska Bird Review

CATTLE VS. WATERFOWL. After three years of comparatively dry weather that kept our rainwater basins dry most of the time, in 1982 we had lots of rain and lots of water in our basins. The rains started the latter part of April and the waterfowl and shorebirds came in great numbers. Although the water levels raised with each rain, the vegetation grew fast enough to keep most of the water covered. This is where the nesting population of Coots, Pied-billed Grebes, etc., hide their nests, and it is hard to guess how many birds are nesting or where the nests …

Masthead From Nebraska Bird Review (March 1983) 51(1)

Nebraska Bird Review

Published quarterly in March, June, September, and December by the Nebraska Ornithologists' Union, Inc. as its official journal and sent free to all members who are not in arrears for dues. Subscriptions (on calendar year basis only) are $7.00 per year in the United States and $9.00 per year in all other countries, payable in advance Single copies are $2.25 each, postpaid.

Memberships (on a calendar year basis only): Student, $3.00; Active, $7.00; Sustaining, $15.00; Family Active. $10.00; Family Sustaining, $20.00; Life, $100.00,

A Winter Roadside Survey Of Hawks In Eastern Nemaha County, Nebraska, Steve Shupe, Robert Collins

Nebraska Bird Review

During the winters of 1980-81 and 1981-82 roadside surveys of hawks were conducted on 76 square miles (196.8 square kilometers) of Nemaha County, Nebraska. Forty surveys were conducted each winter to acquire baseline data on distribution and populations. Ten species were observed, with the Red-tailed Hawk (49.7%) and the American Kestrel (21.5%) comprising more than 70%of all sightings. Population estimates for each species were determined by using square mile extrapolation and the bounded count method. Intervals of confidence were calculated in an attempt to determine upper and lower winter population limits.

1982 Treasurer's Report

Nebraska Bird Review

1982 Treasurer's Report

1982 Christmas Count

Nebraska Bird Review

One hundred and one species (thirteen more than last year) were reported in the 1982 Christmas Count, and one species (the same as last year) was reported present during the count period but not recorded on the count day on any count. Eight localities reported this year, one more than last year, Kearney being the addition. Two additional races (Flickers were not shown on the tabulation) were reported; the same as last year, and one hybrid was reported this year, with none last year. The total individual count this year was 302,646 compared to 64,054. The Snow Goose count accounted …

Two Additions To The Nebraska List, Rick Wright, Doug G. Thomas

Nebraska Bird Review

OLIVACEOUS CORMORANT The University of Nebraska State Museum has in its possession a specimen of Olivaceous Cormorant (Phalacrocorx olivaceus) taken 2 October 1982 in Sutherland County, Nebraska. The bird was confiscated and turned over to us by a game warden.

Rick Wright, W504 B Nebraska Hall, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588

PHAINOPEPLA On 1 January 1983, at 8 A.M. I'd just chipped out the birdbath and refilled it with warm water. I was kneeling in the doorway of the garage, preparing goodies for the "children", when stroboscopic flashes of white outside the door caught my eye. I looked back toward the …

Index Selection And Feed Intake Restriction In Swine, Ii: Effect On Energy Utilization, Erik R. Cleveland, R. K. Johnson, R. W. Mandigo, E. R. Peo Jr.

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Fifty-three index select and control line barrows were randomly assigned to three feeding levels at 83 d of age. They were slaughtered at approximately 188 d of age to determine the effects of index selection (for increased average daily gain and decreased backfat) and level of feed intake on energy utilization. During the trial, the feed intake levels were twice daily to appetite (AP), once daily feeding of 91% of appetite (AP91) or once daily feeding of 82% of appetite (AP82) intake. The metabolizable energy intake required per kilogram of edible lean deposited (Mcal/kg) was reduced (P.75)^-1 x day …

1982 (Twenty-Fifth) Fall Occurrence Report

Nebraska Bird Review

Two hundred sixty-nine species, from 10 localities, are listed in this report. Comparable figures for previous years are: 277 species from 14 localities in 1981,281 (and a possible Veery) from 12 localities in 1980, and 284 from 11 in 1979.

The information is presented in a rough west (left) to east (right) order, with locations of about the same longitude listed with the northernmost first. Two dates indicate the first and last records for the period. The symbols used are:

Jl, Au, Sp, Ot, No, and Om for the months

Breeding Success And Nest Site Characteristics Of The Western Bluebird On Parrett Mountain, Marcia Diane Sims

Dissertations and Theses

The lack of suitable nest sites may be a limiting factor for Western Bluebird populations inhabiting the upper Willamette Valley. Nest box trails have been established on the hills surrounding the Portland metropolitan area. Since their placement, approximately 25% of the boxes available have been used by Western Bluebirds as nest cavities. This study was undertaken to identify factors which might determine the selection of a nest box by Western Bluebirds and the subsequent nest success or failure.

The breeding biology of Western Bluebirds using the nest box trail located on Parrett Mountain, Oregon in 1979 was investigated. Breeding season, …

Quantification Of Competition Among Coexisting Heteromyids In The Southwest, Cliff A. Lemen, Patricia W. Freeman

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Three trapping grids, 225 m on a side were established in the desert of southern New Mexico. On grid 1 all Dipodomys (Heteromyidae, Rodentia) were removed; on grid 2 all Perognathus (Heteromyidae, Rodentia) were removed; and on grid 3 no rodents were removed. All grids were censused at two-week intervals for six weeks. When the larger Dipodomys (40g) were removed, the Perognathus (15g) population increased 2.56-fold (from 27 to 69 individuals) in two weeks. Removal of Perognathus had no effect on numbers of Dipodomys. Our data allow us to estimate the magnitude of the competition between Dipodomys and Perognathus …

Kentucky Warbler (Vol. 59, No. 1), Kentucky Library Research Collections

The Kentucky Warbler

No abstract provided.

Cranes Of The World [Complete Work], Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard

Cranes are a group of birds that can lift the human spirit as few other wild animals can do; their great size, marvelous soaring abilities, humanoid traits such as "dancing," and penetrating voices, all strike deep into the human psyche and forcefully remind us of the beauty and mystery of the natural world around us. We cannot lose even a single species of crane without seriously rendering our own existence that much poorer. It is in that spirit that I decided to write the present book, which I hope will be of value to ecologists, ethologists, conservationists, aviculturalists, and anyone …

The Effects Of Level Of Crude Protein On Performance Of Growing Boars, R. W. Tyler, W. G. Luce, R. K. Johnson, C. V. Maxwell, R. L. Hintz, L. E. Walters

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Five trials involving 432 growing boars were utilized to study the effects of six levels of crude protein on gain, feed efficiency, feed intake, backfat thickness and longissimus muscle area. The boars were fed ad libitum either a 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 or 24% crude protein diet from about 24.6 to 54.4 kg (period 1). From 54.4 to 98.8 kg (period 2), the crude protein in each diet was reduced by 2%. During period 1, gain increased and feed to gain ratio decreased quadratically (P<.05)with increasing dietary crude protein in corn-soybean meal based diets and were maximum at protein levels of 20 to 22%. Feed intake was not affected by dietary protein level. During period 2, protein level did not significantly affect rate of gain, feed efficiency or feed intake. Overall, gain increased quadratically (P<.05)with increasing protein levels and was maximum for boars fed the 20/18% protein sequence during periods 1 .and 2, respectively. Feed to gain ratio decreased linearly (P<.05) with increasing dietary protein intake. Feed intake was not affected by dietary protein level. Scan backfat thickness and longissimus muscle area obtained at the end of the trial indicated that backfat decreased linearly (P<.05) with increasing protein intake, while longissimus muscle area increased quadratically (P<.05) as protein in the diet increased. These results indicate that small improvements in average daily gain, feed efficiency, longissimus muscle area and backfat thickness can be made by feeding protein levels to growing boars approximately 2% higher than the currently recommended 18% protein diet during the growing period (24.6 to 58.4 kg), followed by an 18% diet during the finishing period (54.8 to 98.8 kg).

Breed And Heterosis Effects On Testicular Development And Endocrine Function Of Puberal Boars, R. W. Fent, R. P. Wettemann, R. K. Johnson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Purebred and two-breed cross Duroc, Landrace, Spotted and Yorkshire boars were evaluated at 218 ± 6 d of age to determine the influence of breed on testicular development and on concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone in blood serum after treatment with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). Concentrations of LH and testosterone were determined in serum samples obtained from the vena cava of 139 boars just before and 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after an im injection of 200/ μg of GnRH. The right testes of 136 boars were removed and sperm numbers were determined in homogenates of testicular …

Life History Of The Lahontan Cutthroat Trout, Salmo Clarki Henshawi, In Pyramid Lake, Nevada, William F. Sigler, William T. Helm, Paul A. Kucera, Steven Vigg, Gar W. Workman

Great Basin Naturalist

The Pyramid Lake Lahontan cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki henshawi) population was sampled on a monthly basis from November 1975 through December 1977. A subsample of 676 trout, stratified by fish size and lake habitat, provided biological data. The entire population is presently derived from hatchery production, stocked at lengths of approximately 75 to 300 mm. Peak annulus formation occurs in March and April, followed by the period of maximum growth. Scale patterns illustrate a variable growing season. Maximum growth in length is in the first three years of life; after that males begin to grow faster than females. …

A Survey Of The Aspidogastrean And Hydracarine Parasites Of Bivalue Molluscs In Western West Virginia, Donald W. Danford

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Aspidogaster conchicola and Cotylaspis insignis were only two aspidogastrid trematodes recovered in a year long study involving 500 bivalves (22 species) collected from a thirteen county area in western West Virginia. Also collected were three species of aquatic mites identified as: Union­ icola fossulata, Unionicola formosa, and Najadicola ingens. Only ten species of mussels were infested with trematodes: Pleurabema cordatum (100%); Anodonta grandis (70% for A•conchicola, 60% for Q. insignia); Potamilus alata (50%); Tritogonia verrucosa (46%); Strophitus undulatus (6.25%); guadrula guadrula (33%); Amblema plicata (31%); guadrula postulosa (50%); Lampsilis ventricosa (7.11%); Lampsilis radiata luteola (7.12% for A. conchiocola, 10.2% for …

Fish Culture In Minnesota Farm Ponds, Meredith O. Murnyak, Dennis F. Murnyak

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

This paper presents the results of a three year research and extension project in fish farming in central Minnesota. Fifty-seven farm ponds were stocked with one or more of the following species: channel catfish, largemouth bass, rainbow trout, yellow bullheads, bluegill sunfish, and black crappie. Several stocking densities with and without supplemental feeding were tested. The results indicate that when intensively managed, ponds over 0.05 hectare in size and 1 meter in depth are suitable for the production of food fish. Production of harvestable-size fish is possible during a single season when large fingerlings are stocked in early spring. Trout …

Avian Use Of Nest Boxes In Minnesota Farmstead Shelterbelts, Richard H. Yahner

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

A study of nest box use from November through August by birds in Minnesota farmstead shelterbelts was initiated subsequent to a two-year study showing that cavity-dependent species were absent from shelterbelts during winter and spring. The purpose of the study was to determine use of nest boxes by birds in shelterbelts otherwise devoid of cavities for roosting and nesting purposes. Fifteen of 22 boxes (68%) were used as nest sites in spring and summer by house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) and black-capped chickadees (Parus atricapillus). Neither nested In the shelterbelts before the nest boxes were available. Red-breasted nuthatches (Sitta canadensis) roosted …

The Distribution, Ecology And Growth Of The Chestnut Lamprey, Ichthyomyzon Castaneus, In The Clearwater River, Minnesota, Charles S. Holt, Paul A. Durkee

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

This study dealt primarily with the ammocoete stage of the chestnut lamprey, lchthyamyzan castaneus (Girard). The population estimate for ammocoetes in the 25.5 m2 section studied was 540 individuals. The lengths of 452 ammocoetes collected ranged from 42 to 164 mm. A total of 213 chestnut lampreys were retained for laboratory study. Twenty of these were adults with an average length of 136.8 mm (range= 125 mm to 191 mm). Six age classes of ammocoetes were determined. An average increase in body length of recaptured ammocoetes of 2.9 mm was observed during the summers of 1980 and 1981. The habitat …

Siberian Tiger Species Survival Plan: A Strategy For Survival, U. S. Seal, T. F. Foose

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

The wild population of Siberian tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) is estimated at about 300 in six separate populations. Since an effective population size of at least 500 is necessary for long-term survival and evolution, and since the wild populations are not going to be able to expand in their natural habitat, it is evident that a captive breeding program is necessary for sustained preservation of this form. There are 1000 living Siberian tigers in zoos; only three outside of Russia are wild-born. About 250 are in North American zoos. Although about 68 wild-caught animals have been brought into zoos, six …

Fisheries Report No 59 - Potential Fisheries Capability Of The Ord In The Short, Medium And Long Terms, Dr N. Morrissy

Fisheries Research Reports

This report examines the history, future and problems of various methods for development and exploitation of the fisheries resources of the Ord.

The primary resource is the array of native fish and crustacean species, with the possible introduction of other desirable or noxious species being a subject for consideration.

Water resources, supporting these species, are the remaining natural Ord River downstream from the Diversion Dam at Kununurra, the stillwaters of Lake Kununurra and Lake Argyle, and, for aquaculture, the controlled distribution of water supply over the flat land of the irrigation system (Fig. 1). Another recognized resource is the climatic …

Sdsu Dairy Digest, South Dakota State University Dairy Club

Dairy Digest

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Ethostasis On Farm Animal Behavior: A Theoretical Overview, A. F. Fraser, M. W. Fox

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Ethostasis – the effect of constraining husbandry practices on animal behavior – is described and discussed. The review describes specific husbandry practices that may give rise to behavioral anomalies and how these anomalous behaviors may be of diagnostic value. Ready identification may facilitate correcting problems leading to lower productivity, diseases, and economic losses.

Too Much Of A Good Thing: Protein And A Dog's Diet, Dana Murphy

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Murphy examines messages promoting the benefits of high-protein dog foods and then discusses the health effects of too much protein in a dog’s diet.

A Different Approach To Horse Handling, Based On The Jeffery Method, Judith K. Blackshaw, Des Kirk, Sharib E. Cregier

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

A method of horse training is discussed, which is based on an old technique known in Australia as the "Jeffery method." It uses several behavioral principles, including understanding horse behavior, reinforcement for desired behavior, and flight distance principles.