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Population Change As An Element In The Historical Geography Of St. Augustine, John R. Dunkle Apr 2021

Population Change As An Element In The Historical Geography Of St. Augustine, John R. Dunkle

Florida Historical Quarterly

The History of St Augustine, like the history of every place, is an intricate drama of personalities and events set against a backdrop of the physical and cultural environment. This paper attempts to outline the pattern of one facet of the cultural background: population. It is believed that this may be justified by the fact that population changes correlate with events and shed light on those events. Further, population changes serve as an index to changes in economy.

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Life At Fort Brooke, 1824-1836, James W. Covington Apr 2021

Life At Fort Brooke, 1824-1836, James W. Covington

Florida Historical Quarterly

In January, 1824 the military post known as Cantonment Brooke and later as Fort Brooke * was established at the juncture of Hillsborough River and the bay bearing the same name. There were many sites more suitable or a fort which could be found along the shores and islands of Tampa Bay; but the land at the chosen location had already been cleared and a house and wharf erected by Robert Hackley, a gentleman from New York who believed that his father held title to the land. Incidently, Hackley had left the property in charge of an overseer so that …

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Florida Reconstruction Impeachments, Cortez A. M. Ewing Apr 2021

Florida Reconstruction Impeachments, Cortez A. M. Ewing

Florida Historical Quarterly

The impeachment of Governor Harrison Reed not only contributes an interesting chapter to the history of Reconstruction but it also offers a number of novel precedents to the history of American impeachments. Throughout his gubernatorial term (1868-1872), Reed fought a consistent and courageous struggle against carpetbag politicians in Florida. I know of no other state or national civil officer against whom the impeachment remedy was so frequently attempted. On four occasions, he was threatened with legislative removal. Twice the lower house passed impeachment resolutions. Finally, in the last year of his term, his enemies voted a bona fide and legal …

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The Cession Of Florida And John Quincy Adams, Secretary Of State, Lester Harris Apr 2021

The Cession Of Florida And John Quincy Adams, Secretary Of State, Lester Harris

Florida Historical Quarterly

The cession of the Floridas stands out as one of the greatest victories in the history of American diplomacy. Ownership of Florida insured to the United States a continuous seaboard on the Atlantic Ocean. It led to the recognition by the United States of the South American colonies, then in revolt against Spain. The treaty with Spain gave the United States its first recognized claim to the western lands bordering on the Pacific Ocean. 2 It became the basis for the acquisition of Oregon and Washington, and parts of present day Montana and Idaho. Cession led directly to the Monroe …

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Autobiography Of William Marvin, Kevin E. Kearney Apr 2021

Autobiography Of William Marvin, Kevin E. Kearney

Florida Historical Quarterly

Sixty-five years ago, a venerable man in Skaneateles, New York, set himself to the task of recording the events of his life. What William Marvin wrote between the pages of a lined composition notebook was more than an autobiography. It was a chapter in American history. What is even more significant is that much of what Marvin recounted pertained to the history of Florida during the critical years 1835-1866, a period which found the nation challenged with the issues of union, disunion, and reunion. The story which follows, then, is the story of a man who served Florida during the …

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Blockage Runner, Alice Strickland Apr 2021

Blockage Runner, Alice Strickland

Florida Historical Quarterly

During the Civil War Confederate blockade runners played a dangerous and exciting game of hide and seek with Union gunboats off the Florida coast. President Lincoln had proclaimed the blockade on April 19, 1861, with the intention of closing the Atlantic ports of the Confederacy to trade with other nations. The South, therefore, was faced with the problem of running the blockade in order to bring in the necessities of war.

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Gavino Gutierrez And His Contributions To Tampa, Jess L. Keene Apr 2021

Gavino Gutierrez And His Contributions To Tampa, Jess L. Keene

Florida Historical Quarterly

Seventy three years ago the inhabitants around Hillsborough Bay never dreamed of the vast possibilities hidden in the scrub and native forest about them. They never dreamed that a large city was to be built at their own doors and by their own hands.

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Birthplaces Of The Conquistadors, Karl A. Bickel Apr 2021

Birthplaces Of The Conquistadors, Karl A. Bickel

Florida Historical Quarterly

Ever since I started dabbling into the business of Spanish Conquistadors; particularly Balboa, Cortes, Pizzaro and our own first great tourist Hernando De Soto, I have been interested in looking more closely into the birthplaces of these men - a topic rather lightly treated by the greater historians - and trying to find after a fashion, some of the things that made them “tick.” The thing that really started me off, however, was a paragraph in a book by Ruth Matilda Anderson of the Hispanic Society of America. The book is titled Spanish Costume - Extramadura and without question it …

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News And Notes, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

News And Notes, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Local centennials, activities of local and regional historical societies, Tequesta,

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Indian Presents: To Give Or Not To Give: Governor Whites's Quandary, Richard K. Murdoch Apr 2021

Indian Presents: To Give Or Not To Give: Governor Whites's Quandary, Richard K. Murdoch

Florida Historical Quarterly

At the close of the Eighteenth Century the use of presents to obtain loyalty, friendship, neutrality or allegiance was an old story to the nations of Western Europe, dating back to the days of the Greeks and Romans. Later presents were employed for the same purpose in the feudal period and in the campaigns of the Crusaders in the Holy Land. In the early years of the modern era the Portugese used presents to obtain peaceful entry into African ports as prelude to the slave trade. And finally presents were employed in the Americas by all the colonizing powers as …

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The Call To Arms: Secession From A Feminine Point Of View, Samuel Proctor Apr 2021

The Call To Arms: Secession From A Feminine Point Of View, Samuel Proctor

Florida Historical Quarterly

Address of the Ladies of Broward’s Neck through Editors of the Papers, to the Politicians of Florida, as to their Present and Future Protection against Abolition Emmissaries of the North.

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The Trials Of Captain Don Isidoro De Leon, Lucy L. Wenhold Apr 2021

The Trials Of Captain Don Isidoro De Leon, Lucy L. Wenhold

Florida Historical Quarterly

Few historians can tell you what Florida was like in 1745. Yet those were the days when the governor of the province spoke of “the terror men feel when they even hear the name of Florida,” and swore to defend it “to the last drop of my blood.”

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The Florida Plan: An Ante-Bellum Effort To Control Cotton Sales, Weymouth T. Jordan Apr 2021

The Florida Plan: An Ante-Bellum Effort To Control Cotton Sales, Weymouth T. Jordan

Florida Historical Quarterly

For a number of years historians have been familiar with the work of the so-called commercial conventions which were held in the South during the pre-Civil War period. Three professional studies have been written on the subject of these conventions. These conventions had their beginnings during the troubled times of the panic of 1837; the first one met in 1839; most of them convened during the 1850’s. They were held in the leading cities of the Old South; they were attended by hundreds of men seeking to promote what has come to be known as “southern nationalism;” they did a …

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Stories In Stone, Lucy Ames Edwards Apr 2021

Stories In Stone, Lucy Ames Edwards

Florida Historical Quarterly

If it is true, as Hawthorne tells us, that “A grave, wherever found, preaches a short and pithy sermon,” then perhaps a gravestone teaches history. That it records facts of history we know, but in the growth of towns and cities, as skyscrapers and subdivisions supplant old homes and scattered farms, some records of facts are being lost. With the thought of preserving family history the attempt was made in the summer of 1940 to compile the records on early gravemarkers in Duval County. An unexpected bonus was the information gained of Duval County families and how they had helped …

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The Background Of The Greek Settlers In The New Smyrna Colony, E. P. Panagopoulos Apr 2021

The Background Of The Greek Settlers In The New Smyrna Colony, E. P. Panagopoulos

Florida Historical Quarterly

Andrew Turnbull, the principal founder of the New Smyrna Colony, was not the first who thought of bringing Greeks to people Florida. Immediately after the Treaty of Paris in 1763, which transferred Florida into British hands, William Knox, in a memorial to Whitehall, had already made this suggestion in a very convincing way. Knox, who later was Under-Secretary of State for American Affairs from 1770 to 1782, made, in his memorial, a detailed analysis of conditions and possibilities of the newly acquired Province of Florida. Attempting to solve the urgent problem of peopling this area, completely depopulated after the departure …

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Fort Caroline, Cradle Of American Freedom, Charles E. Bennett Apr 2021

Fort Caroline, Cradle Of American Freedom, Charles E. Bennett

Florida Historical Quarterly

Along the southern bank of the St. Johns River in northeastern Florida stand a wooded bluff and adjoining shorelands which may well be considered the birthplace of American ideals and freedom; or, at very least, the cradle of American ideals in the distant years of 1564 and 1565, and the beginning of the first permanent settlement of our country. The United States government is now, in 1956, establishing at the site what will be called Fort Caroline National Memorial. It is expected that it will be open to visitors by the early summer of 1957. Although the history of St. …

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News And Notes, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

News And Notes, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

Notes about Tequesta, activities of local and regional historical societies, notice of the annual meeting, gifts

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St. Paul’S Church In Quincy, Florida, During The Territorial Period, Edward B. Gearhart Apr 2021

St. Paul’S Church In Quincy, Florida, During The Territorial Period, Edward B. Gearhart

Florida Historical Quarterly

The development and the growth of the Episcopal Church in Quincy, Florida, and in all Florida, has been best related through the stories of the church leaders whether they were the parish rectors or, in all too few cases, able laymen. For a clear understanding of the life of St. Paul’s Church in Quincy during territorial Florida, three periods must be kept in mind. First, there was the long period of development into a congregation; second, there was the founding of the church and its growth under a rector in residence; last, and most important, were the situations that affected, …

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Osceola’S Coats?, William C. Sturtevant Apr 2021

Osceola’S Coats?, William C. Sturtevant

Florida Historical Quarterly

A surprising number of Osceola’s personal possessions have survived to the present, a circumstance no doubt attributable to his fame during life and to the fact that he died in captivity. Goggin (1955; see Bibliography following) has located and carefully described four items of Osceola’s clothing and jewelry, and has compared them with their pictorial representation in Osceola portraits. The four pieces are not only the oldest documented Seminole examples of their types, but are among the oldest dated Seminole ethnographic specimens of any kind. Hence they are important for the study of the history of Seminole material culture, as …

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The First Fort Of San Marcos De Apalache, Lucy L. Wenhold Apr 2021

The First Fort Of San Marcos De Apalache, Lucy L. Wenhold

Florida Historical Quarterly

On the Gulf coast of southcentral Florida, where the St. Marks River flowing from further upstate meets the longer, shallower, eastward flowing Wakulla, the union of their waters forms a wide, deep, river-mouth harbor for any sea-going vessels that can pass the bar six miles further down at the entrance to the bay of Apalache. Where the two rivers come together there is a narrow headland that rises above the height of the tide and thrusts as it were a pointing finger toward the open sea. Today it is only a part of the harbor’s shoreline, grown up with tall …

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Florida Seen Through The Eyes Of Nineteenth Century Travellers, Benjamin F. Rogers Apr 2021

Florida Seen Through The Eyes Of Nineteenth Century Travellers, Benjamin F. Rogers

Florida Historical Quarterly

During the first half of the nineteenth century, there were published both in this country and abroad a great number of books written by travellers in all parts of the United States, and especially in the South. As one Southern author observed in 1860: “The fashion has been for several years . . . to write books about the South. Englishmen, Frenchmen, Down-Eastern men, the Bloomer style of men, as well as countless numbers of female scribblers, have not ceased to drum upon the public tympanum (almost to deafness, indeed) in praise or blame - generally the latter - of …

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Florida In 1643, As Seen By Its Governor, Charles W. Arnade Apr 2021

Florida In 1643, As Seen By Its Governor, Charles W. Arnade

Florida Historical Quarterly

Throughout much of the Spanish era Florida was a poor colony and a recurrent headache for Spain. To be stationed or live in this land was to be far from any civilization. For example: on August 29, 1644, Governor Damian de Vega Castro y Pardo wrote the King that for eight long years no subsidy or financial help [situado had reached the province, and that for more than twenty months not a bit of food had entered through Saint Augustine. Vega warned the King that the city would soon perish of starvation if aid was not forthcoming.

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David Selby Walker: Educational Statesman Of Florida, Nita Katharine Pyburn Apr 2021

David Selby Walker: Educational Statesman Of Florida, Nita Katharine Pyburn

Florida Historical Quarterly

David S. Walker was a leader of distinguished ability during the formative years of the government of Florida. In addition to practicing his profession as a lawyer, he was at all times actively engaged in assuming his responsibilities as a citizen in his home community, Tallahassee, and in his State, holding various positions of trust, including elected and appointive offices. At various times he was intendant (mayor) of Tallahassee, a member of the Florida House of Representatives, of the Florida State Senate, Register of Lands and ex-officio Superintendent of Schools for the State during the 1850’s, Associate Justice of the …

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Andrew Jackson Vs. The Spanish Governor, Herbert J. Doherty, Jr. Apr 2021

Andrew Jackson Vs. The Spanish Governor, Herbert J. Doherty, Jr.

Florida Historical Quarterly

For more than one hundred years Andrew Jackson has been to writers of American history an exciting, inspiring, controversial, or shameful figure - according to the varying beliefs of those many writers. This writer, in recent issues of this Quarterly, has reexamined Jackson’s Florida career in two articles which were suggested by several previously unpublished Jackson letters. Several new letters coming to light have suggested a more detailed look at some of the ground covered in those earlier articles, specifically, the sources of hostility between Jackson and the last Spanish governor of West Florida, Jose Callava. Some historians have looked …

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Florida History In Spanish Archives: Reproductions At The University Of Florida, Charles W. Arnade Apr 2021

Florida History In Spanish Archives: Reproductions At The University Of Florida, Charles W. Arnade

Florida Historical Quarterly

Spanish records distinguish themselves for their great length; the flow of words seems endless, the innumerable details not always to the point. They lack any businesslike method. Although every imaginable problem is discussed, if one reads the Spanish archives of Florida he is amazed to find that, for instance, little or nothing is said about the attractiveness of the country. Rarely one tells about her beautiful beaches, her waving palms, her unexcelled climate and the fertility of her soil. The Spanish records of Florida are not recommended for use by present-day chambers of commerce except to give a historical flavor …

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Interracial Relations: History And Cultural Identity In The Invention Of Wings, Taylor Hopkins Apr 2021

Interracial Relations: History And Cultural Identity In The Invention Of Wings, Taylor Hopkins

Undergraduate Research and Scholarship Symposium

The historical fiction novel The Invention of Wings by Sue Monk Kidd displays a notable relationship between feminist and racial ideals during the nineteenth century. The story is based on the historical figure, Sarah Grimké, an American abolitionist and advocate for women’s rights. Over the course of thirty-five years, the narration alternates between the two main characters: Sarah Grimké and Hetty Handful Grimké, a young slave on the Grimké plantation. The interactions between the two begin when Hetty is presented to Sarah as a personal waiting maid for Sarah’s eleventh birthday. As the story continues, the dynamics between the two …

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Asi-Yaholo Or Osceola, Mark F. Boyd Apr 2021

Asi-Yaholo Or Osceola, Mark F. Boyd

Florida Historical Quarterly

Of the numerous Indian leaders who have attracted the attention, the interest, or the sympathy of the people of the whole United States, albeit they never derived any practical advantage therefrom, the notoriety attained by the Seminole leader known as Powell or Osceola, probably drew to that individual more attention than has been given to any other Indian before or since. This fame arose from his resolute opposition to enforced emigration from Florida. His motives were regarded as patriotic, and real or fancied romantic episodes of his career have become a part of our folk-lore. Although seizure and deportation thwarted …

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The White Flag, Florida Historical Society Apr 2021

The White Flag, Florida Historical Society

Florida Historical Quarterly

In the long history of the American Indians no name is more widely known than Osceola. At the time of his death especially, he was talked of throughout the entire country. Towns in a score of states were named for him, and there are three counties which bear his name - in Iowa, Michigan, and Florida. This was largely because of a small piece of white cloth: the violation of a flag of truce under the orders of General Jesup, then in command of the Army in Florida. Standing under the white flag, Osceola was seized, imprisoned, and died soon …

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Notes On Modern Seminole Traditions Of Osceola, William C. Sturtevant Apr 2021

Notes On Modern Seminole Traditions Of Osceola, William C. Sturtevant

Florida Historical Quarterly

Romantic interest among whites in the figure of Osceola began even before his death, and has continued ever since. His abilities as a warrior, his dramatic flair, and the well publicized circumstances of his capture and of his death in captivity soon thereafter, account for this interest. Many who know nothing else about the Seminole know Osceola’s name and some of the white folklore about him. He is almost certain to crop up in casual questioning of the Seminole today by tourists and others. On one occasion, I was present when a customer asked a leading Seminole enterpreneur in his …

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The Parentage Of Osceola, Charles H. Coe Apr 2021

The Parentage Of Osceola, Charles H. Coe

Florida Historical Quarterly

After a search for whatever has come to light on the early life of Osceola, Charles H. Coe summarized his findings and his conclusions for the Florida Historical Quarterly.

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