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Concentration Of Trace Elements In Grass On Shinshu High Land Area, H Danbara, H Arima, T Baba, T Matano, M Yamaguchi, T Kikuchi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

About twenty kinds of trace elements in grass grown on Shinshu high land area were determined with non destructive activation analysis. These elements in grass will be taken by beef cattle as nutrients. Zinc and manganese were found remarkablly high concentration then copper came after. Cobalt and selenium such as important elements for physiology of cattle were not determined so high.

Herbage Dry Matter Yield And Nitrogen Content Of A Reproductive Growth According To Spring Management Case Of Permanent Meadows In The Pyrenees Mountains, M Duru

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In mountains farming systems, the wintering is the principal constraint because hay stock by ewe is low and has poor feed value. The objective of this research is to show the effect of spring management (fertilization, grazing) on the reproductive growth. We measured herbage dry matter on three plots of different fertility levels (0.108 % - 0.045 % - 0.018 % P205 Dyer) at an altitude of 1250 m. We show that the net starting growth is afunction of the soil fertility level (we observed differences of a month between plots). Consequently, the grazing effect on the regrowth does not …

Effects Of Interactions Between Temperate And Phosphorus Supply On Growth And Critical Phosphorus Concentrations In Macroptilium Atropurureum Cv. Siratro, F W. Smith, C S. Andrew

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Effects of interactions between aerial temperature, root temperature, and phosphorus (P) supply on growth and critical P concentrations in the tropical legume Mecroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro have been studied in controlled environ­ments. Maximum growth of siratro when supplied with adequate P was achieved at aerial temperatures of 30/25°C ( day/night) and 35/30°C when root temperatures were maintained at 30°C. Aerial temperatures of 25/20 °C severely restricted growth, particularly when a root temperature of 20°C was used. Neither aerial temperatures nor root temperatures had any discernible effect on the amount of P needed to be applied to obtain maximum yield. …

A Tentative For Appreciation Of The Nitrogen Nutrition Status In Grasses- Red Clover Mixtures Compared To Pure Stands, Noelle Amarger, A Mariotti, J Picard

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In our country it is commonly accepted at the level of extension services that growing forage grasses and legumes mixtures can offer to the farmers a good opportunity to achieve high dry matter yield and good quality feed at a lower rate of input than growing pure grass stands. This is supposed to be so due to combination of the chief advan­tages coming from each component as far as their chemical composition and feeding value, the influence of their root system on soil structure, their mineral nutrition character­istics, ... are concerned. A number of experiments have been done, the results …

Interspecific Differences In Sodium Nutrition Among Tropical Grasses, T Ando, Y Masaoka, K Matsumoto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In order to clarify interspecific differences in sodium (Na) accumulation and requirement, the following grasses were grown in the nutrient solution with 0-40 ppm Na for 4 weeks; Panicum coloratum (Coloured guineagrass: abbr. as CG, Kabulabula grass: KB and Makarikari grass: MK), P.maximum (green panic: GP and Guineagrass: GG), P. dichotomiflorum (fall panic: FP), Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass: RG), Echinochloa care-galli (Jananese millet: JM), Eleusine coracana ( African millet: AM) and Sorghum vulgare (Sorghum: SG). The ability to accumulate Na in shoots was ranked in the following order; KB and RG: high, GP and MK: intermediate, CG, GG, JM, …

Effect Of Drought On Leaf Senescence And Forage Quality Of Three Temperate Grasses, S Bittman, G M. Simpson, Z Mir

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study was conducted to compare the effect of a period of drought on leaf senescence, protein yield and P concentration in smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) (Br), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. spp. pectinatum (Bieb.) Tzvel.) (CW g) and Altai wildrye (Leymus angustatus (Trin.) Pilger) (Awr ). Susceptibility to drought in terms of leaf water potential, senescence, and nutritive quality, was greatest in CWg, intermediate in Br, and least in A Wr. Drought induced less sencence in vegetative than in floral tillers in CW g and Br; the ability of A Wr to maintain its quality …

Evaluation Of Orchardgrass And Alfalfa For Its Nutritive Value And Voluntary Intake By Neutral Detergent Analysis, T Ishiguri

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A series of trials has been carried out over a ten-year period to determine the ad lib. intake and digestibility of clipped orchardgrass and alfalfa fed at several growth stages to wethers. Forage and feces were fractionated into cell wall (CW) and cell content (CC) with neutral detergent solution, moreover the digestibility and the digestible amount of CW, CC were determined. The changing amount of digestible dry matter (D DM) in grass and legume related to the amount of digestible CC and indigestible CW, whereas digestible CW was observed to have little relation.

orchardgrass varied little between the first cut …

Effect Of Cutting Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) And Wheat (Triticum Oestivum L.) On The Yield Of Grain And Straw With Special Reference To The Nutritive Value Of The Green Forage Cut, M S. Nowar, S Y. Sherif, G A. Abdel-Rahman, S N. Abdel-Baki, K M. El-Gindi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

It was intended to study the possibility of cutting green barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) before obtaining grains. The grains of the two crops were sown in broadcasting. Half of the cultivated area of both crops were cut manually at 30 cm plant height, while the others were left as controls. Two digestibility trials using 3 fistulated castrated Ossimi rams were carried on the green forage cut of barley and wheat. The obtained results are summarized as follow:

1. The values of in vitro disappearance, in vivo digestion coefficients (except EE), nutritive value (SV, …

Evaluation Of Grain Sorghum As A Silage Crop, R L. Smith, K K. Bolsen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Three experiments were conducted to determine the nutritive value and yield potential of grain sorghum cultivars harvested as whole-plant silage. A commercial yellow endosperm grain sorghum was harvested at late-dough and hard-grain stages of maturity. Each silage was fed unprocessed and processed through a roller mill to steers in growth and digestion trials. A yield study compared five cultivars of grain sorghum and one forage sorghum, each harvested at three stages of matuirity (milk to early dough, late-dough, and hard-grain). Processing the silages significantly improved steer gains and feed efficiencies. There was a nonsignificant increase in silage DM digestibility due …

Effects Of Mono-Oligo Saccharides And Lignin On The Digestibility In Sorghum And Corn Culm, S Kumai, R Fukumi, K Taji

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This research was undertaken to clarify relationship between digestibility and chemical composition of sorghum and corn culm and futhermore, to find higher nutritive strains among sorghums. Experimental samples used were 21 sorghum culms and 13 corn ones at the silage stages. Samples were analysed mono, oligo saccharides (MOSD), organic cellular contents (OCC), organic cell wall (OCW), organic a (Oa), organic b (Ob), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (AD-L) and acid detergent silica (AD-silica), and estimated in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD).

Composition And Nutritive Value Of Diets Selected By Sheep And Goats On Four Pasture Types, E C. Prigge, D B. Mpiri, W B. Bryan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Esophageally fistulated sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus) were compared in relation to the composition and nutritive value of ingesta collected by grazing four pasture types. The pasture types are described as Improved Pasture, Unimproved Pasture, Unimproved Pasture with Low Scrub and High Scrub. The scrub consisted mainly of hawthorne (Crataegus sp.) and blackberry (Rubus sp.). Samples of herbage and esophageal extrusa were visually separated into four forage classes (legumes, grass, forbs/browse and dead material). A significant (P < .01) animal species x type of pasture interaction was evident in regard to the preference for the various forage classes. The goats consumed much larger proportions of browse than the sheep on the pastures containing scrub. Few differences were evident between goats and sheep in nutritive value of the ingesta within pasture type.

Leaching Effects On Composition And Digestibility Of Leaf And Stem Of Alfalfa And Red Clover, Michael Collins

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rainfall during field drying of legume hay reduces both yield and nutritive value of the forage. An experiment was conducted to evaluate leaching effects on composition of dry leaf and stem tissue of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Leaching increased neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose and acid detergent lignin concentrations in every case although leaf increased more. Stem tissue of red clover differed less from leaf in fiber composition than did leaf and stem of alfalfa. Leaching did not significantly affect nitrogen concentration but decreased in vitro true digestibility of both …

Intake Of Grassland - Hay By Dairy Cows And Its Potential Meet Requirements Of Maintenance And Milk Production, J P. Dulphy, C Beranger, D Micol

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There have been few recent studies on the use of grass-hays by dairy cows, probably as a result of the importance given to studies on silage. Therefore 9 grass-hays, harvested in good conditions, were prepared and fed to dairy cows. With a CP content of 133 g/kg DM and an O.M. digestibility of 64.4%, the intake of these hays was 2.07 % of live weight (12.65 kgDM/animal/day). Their energy supply was sufficient to cover the maintenance needs of the cows, and a mean theoretical daily production of 8.1 kg of milk. The real production was 20.1 kg, and the difference …

An Expert Nirs Forage System, John S. Shenk, M O. Westerhaus

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has become an accepted technique to analyze the nutritive value of forage and feedstuffs. Recent advancements have been made in developing universal calibration equations that can be transferred from instrument to instrument. This advancement has made it possible to use NIRS as the analytical component of expert system software in conjunction with livestock feeding models. The software is flexible to provide information for research, extension, and industry applications. The incorporation of NIRS into an expert system promises to make possible new advancements in efficiency of livestock production.

Development Of A National Alfalfa Quality Assessment Procedure In The United States, V L. Marble, W C. Templeton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Only a small fraction of the U.S. hay crop is evaluated for nutritive properties. Various states have developed alfalfa hay quality prediction systems based on chemical analysis. Confusion among users has resulted from nonuniformity among systems. Additional factors causing concern include: increased awareness among producers of higher income from the sale of high quality hay; increased demand among dairymen for a prediction system compatible with ration formulation; recognition of the inadequacy and nonuse of U.S. federal hay grades; increased movement of alfalfa hay across state borders; and lack of agreement on duplicate samples sent to different laboratories. After formation of …

Adaptation Of The Inra System Of Determination And Expression Of The Nutritive Value Of Forages To The Tropical Conditions In The Caribbean Island, A Xande, R Garcia-Trujillo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This program have undertaken a series of trials of systematic measure of nu tritive value on the tropical forages. The choice of the calculation and of the way of expression of energetic and nitrogen values required comparation measures in different systems as well as attempts in alimentation before adopting the new french INRA system of energy (UFL-UFV) and of the protein value (POI). The general results of this study is a preamble to the diffusion of the table of nutritive value of the tropical forages. For this purpose 450 samples of forages have been analysed on sheep in cage of …

Primary Investigation Of Rice-Fish Co-Culture: Investigating The Feasibility Of Raising Fish In Flooded Rice Paddies In The Southern Usa, Yulin Jia, Aaron K. Jackson, Bartholomew Green, S. Adam Fuller, Heather Box, Laduska Sells, Candis Ray, Paxton Harper, Brennan Smith

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

With limited land and water resources available it has become critical to maximize output for agricultural products while maintaining sustainable farming practices. Ricefish co-culture can be used to maximize limited land and water resources for production of rice and fish concurrently and reduce the need of chemical inputs. While rice-fish co-culture has been practiced in Asia for centuries, very few studies have examined the feasibility and economic impact of rice fish co-culture in the U.S.A. Two studies were conducted in Stuttgart, Arkansas, U.S.A. from 2023-2024 to investigate the suitability of raising Koi carp in flooded rice paddies with a sushi …

Nutritional Quality Of Subterranean Clover Cultivars In West Central Spain, B Garcia-Criado, A Garcia-Ciudad, M Rico-Rodriguez, L Garcia-Criado

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The nutritional quality of 61 subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) cultivars was studied, during 1982, in the province of Salamanca (semiarid zone of west central Spain). Plant samples were collected at the late-bloom stage and were analyzed for protein, carbohydrates and digestibility. The levels of all these constituents fluctuated within acceptable ranges. Higher relative variability was observed in respect of hemicellulose, protein and lignin, while the digestibility values presented lower relative variability. The latter ranged from 71.1 to 76.1 % with a mean of 73.3%, while protein values ranged from 11.1 to 19.4% with a mean of 14.0%. Chemical …

Effects Of Frequency And Height Of Defoliation On Forage Yield And Crude Protein Content Of Flemingia Macrophylla (Flemingia), E O. Asare

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Defoliation studies were conducted over a period of 3 years on the same stands to determine the effects of 3 heights 5, 20 and 35cm and 3 intervals, 8, 12 and 14 weeks of cutting on leaf dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive value of Flemingia macrophylla (Flemingia) a potential fodder shrub. Both height and interval of cutting had significant effect on leaf DM yield. There was significant interaction between frequency and height of cutting. Leaf DM yield decreased with lowering of cutting height and increased through increasing interval between cuts. The 14-week cutting interval and 35cm cutting height treatment …

A Study Of Phenology, Herbage Yield And Crude Protein Content Of Native Ecotypes Of Red Bromegrasses (Bromus Tomentellus Boiss.) Of Iran, B Peymani-Fard

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This research was conducted on ten ecotypes of red bromegrasses of Iran at Homand Range Experiment Station, near Damavand, Iran to asses: (a) the differences in phenological characteristics, (b) to evaluate differences in herbage yield, and (c) determine the crude protein percentage Parameters measured include duration of vegetative, heading, maturity stages, herbage yields, and crude protein. Variation in vegetative growth, heading and seed maturity stages among the ecotypes under study was very small

Therefore, there are no prefences in selection of a specific ecotype from the standpoint of utilization and harvesting time. There was a great fluctuation in annual herbage …

Living Heritage, Resilience And Ethically Informed Infrastructures In Malawi, Martha B. Lerski, Frank Puluputu Mwale

Publications and Research

Rooted in a rural community’s needs, this paper explores how historically, and ethically informed infrastructures can support community engagement towards identification, documentation, and dissemination of local, traditional, and indigenous knowledge relating to climate change. The paper examines climate adaptation and sustainability issues through the lenses of community organizing and Library & Information Science best practices. It draws on a growing body of literature identifying a role for expanded epistemological and subject discipline perspectives. While the impacts of climate on material culture are increasingly recognized, intangible, and biocultural heritage have not received as much attention. Living heritage traditions and knowledge systems …

The Growth Of White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) In Field Swards In Wales. A Review., D Wilman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The purpose of the paper is to review some studies of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) growth in field swards in Wales, which were supervised by the author in the period 1976-88. White clover is a valuable species, from the point of view of both nitrogen fixation and animal nutrition, but it is used successfully on only a small proportion of farms in the United Kingdom. Studies such as those reviewed should contribute to greater success in white clover use.

Evaluation Of Mixed Pastures Including Trifolium Pratense Under Grazing, L A. Romero

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The feeding system for milk and beef production in the Cen­tral Region of Santa Fe province (Argentine) is based on semi­permanent and seasonal pastures along with conserved forage. Generally, legumes and grasses mixtures are used, the more usual species being lucerne (Medicago sativa), red clover (Tri­folium pratense), prairie grass (Bromus catharticus), and also chicory (Cichorium intibus). These mixtures produce high amount of dry matter (DM) with a high nutritive value and an useful life span of three to five years. The objective of this research was to evaluate three mixed pastures with red clover …

Regrowth Of The Components Of Two Legume/Grass Associations Following Grazing On Acid Soils Of The Eastern Plains Of Colombia, J Fischer, D Thomas

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The low nutritive status of the neotropical savannas may be improved by using a forage legume, either to supplement the savanna, or as a component of a grass-legume pasture to replace it. The two stoloniferous legumes Arachis pintoi and Desmodium ovalifolium form promising associations with various species of Brachiaria (Grof, 1985; Thomas and Grof, 1986), but there are very few data on their reaction to grazing. The relation between growth rate and the amount of leaf material is central to understanding how systems of grazing management influence plant relations. Because the palatability of the two legumes above differ, under contrasting …

Effect Of Regrowth Interval Upon Canopy Structure And Utilization Of Aeschynomene-Limpograss Pastures, J E. Moore, L E. Sollenberger, K A. Albrecht, P T. Beede, W F. Brown

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

During mid-summer through early autumn, limpograss ( Hemarthria altissima) herbage may have crude protein con­centration below 7 %, and performance of growing cattle on limpograss pasture is often low (Sollenberger et al., 1988). Overseeding with Aeschynomene americana may improve for­ age intake and nutritive value. Deferred grazing of an aeschynomene-limpograss association has potential to provide high-quality forage into mid-autumn. Because grass and legume do not have similar growth rates, changes in canopy structure may occur during late season which influence forage utilization by grazing cattle. The objective was to compare plant canopy characteristics to diet composition and ingestive behavior of …

Effects Of Variation In Seasonal Grazing Pressure And Mechanisms Of Adaptation To Grazing In Lotononis Bainesii, H Fujita, L R. Humphreys

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lotononis bainesii is valued for its ready acceptance by stock, high nutritive value and cold tolerance, but its utility has been limited by the inexplicably high year to year variation in its contribution to the farm feed supply. Pott et al. (1983) showed that lotononis is short-lived; the persistence of yield depends more upon seedling regeneration than upon vegetative replace­ment through nodal rooting. No continuous fixed stocking regime from 7 to 28 sheep ha-1 favoured lotononis (Poot and Humphreys, 1983), and this paper discusses the effects of vari­ations in seasonal stocking rate and of factors influencing the development of a …

Dynamics Of A Tropical Grass-Legume Sward In The Subtropics And Its Effect On Animal Performance, M J. Williams, A C. Hammond, W T. Butts, W E. Kunkle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rhizoma perennial peanut ( Arachis glabrata Benth.) is a for­age legume species adapted to the well-drained soils of subtropical United States (Prine et al., 1981). Management studies with perennial peanut have concentrated on hay pro­duction and animal performance based on pure stands (Prine, 1981 ; Sollenberger et al., 1987). Mixtures of perennial peanuts and various tropical grasses have performed well in small plot studies, but the interrelationship of grass and perennial peanuts under grazing and the consequence this relationship has on stand productivity and animal performance has not been investigated. The summer grazing phase of a backgrounding systems trial, which …

Hay Quality And Marketing Improved With Wyoming Hay Evaluation And Listing Service, A M. Gray

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Hay production in the United States of America (US) is about 140 million metric tons/year. In 1987 most US hay producers had fewer marketing opportunities because of surplus production and lower demand due to a continuing national decline in livestock numbers. In Wyoming, marketing hay on the basis of forage quality is becoming critical for the economic survival of many hay­growers, particularly in years of low demand for hay. Demand for high quality hay by specialty markets (dairy and horse hay) is greater than supply throughout the US. However, buyers for such markets insist that quality hay is difficult to …

Effects Of Ammoniation Of Rice Straw On Its Feeding Value For Lambs, J Q. Ferreira, R Garcia

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Great quantities of crop residues are produced in Brazil at harvest time. The production of rice straw reachs approxi­mately ten million of tons each year and very small quantity is used for animal feeding. The interest on utilization of rice straw increased in the last years mainly due to possibility of ammonia use for improvement of nutritive value of crop residues (Sund­stol el al., 1978 ; Saenger el al., 1983 ; Herrera-Saldana el al., 1982; Streeter and Horn, 1984; Grotheer el al., 1986; Horton and Steacy, 1979). The objective of this study was to measure the effect to ammoniation on …

Effect Of Ammonia Level, Time Of Exposure To Ammonia And Period Of Storage On Chemical Composition And Digestibility Of Two Tropical Grasses Hay, R A. Reis, R Garcia

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The production of good quality hay in Central Brazil has been limited by the nature of cultivated species and constant presence of rainfalls. However, at the end of summer and part of fall seasons the environmental conditions are adequate for hay making but the forages show lower nutritive value. An alternative to improve the quality of tropical grasses hay would be the use of ammonia. Several studies (Buettner et al., 1982; Grotheer et al., 1986; Brown et al., 1987; Moore and Lechtenberg, 1987), showed decreases in NDF and hemicellulose on forages treated with ammonia. The influence of levels of ammonia …