Digital Commons Network^™

Biofilm Production By Food-Transmitted Bacteria And Their Control By Selected Nanoparticles, Mariam Al Shamsi

Dissertations

Biofilm is a population of bacteria attached to any types of surfaces and impeded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. Biofilm exhibit up to 1000 fold antibiotic increased resistance to a broad range of antimicrobial agents. Several food-transmitted microorganisms are capable of forming biofilms and considered as a major source of contamination, transmission and infection. In the last few decades, nanoparticles has gained a great attention for their potential applications as antimicrobial agents. The aim of this work was to assess the biofilm formation capacity of food-transmitted bacteria under various environmental conditions and to investigate the efficacy of …

Cultivating Dreams: Examining Community Involvement And Satisfaction In Fayetteville Farms, Donna J. Freeman

Landscape Architecture Undergraduate Honors Theses

Agriculture has a great, often untapped potential to be integrated in to the urban landscape as part of a green infrastructure and food production network. Urban agriculture is often piecemeal and opportunistic, rarely part of a city-wide master plan or with a comprehensive site plan. Because of this, farms are less likely to be considered as public space like parks and plazas or be studied as part of the human environment. This study utilizes data triangulation from site analysis, policy analysis and surveys to attempt to determine how urban farms might be improved in specific categories such as visibility and …

Physiological And Nutritional Characterization Of High Yield Soybean, Ryan John Van Roekel

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain yields greater than three times the national average have been reported in yield contests. Characterization of soybean in a maximum yield environment is necessary to provide empirical data to support those yield claims and to provide an understanding of the physiological processes at that yield level. From 2011 to 2013, research characterized biomass and N accumulation rates, radiation use efficiency (RUE), leaf N dynamics, the rate of harvest index increase (dry matter allocation coefficient, DMAC), seedfill period (SFP), and grain yield components from Mr. Kip Cullers' contest fields and in small plots at the …

Development And Functioning Of Mycorrhizal Root Systems Under Non-Uniform Rootzone Salinity, Asha Christopher

Dissertations

Arbuscular mycorrhiza are obligate symbionts that live in association with most plant roots. The fungal mycelium extracts nutritional elements from the soil, and supplies these to plants in exchange for plant photoassimilates. The present study investigated the effects of root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and nutrient uptake of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and Sudan grass (Sorghum bicolor L.) exposed to topsoil salinity through a horizontal split-root set-up. Roots in the upper compartment were exposed to substrate salinity, while lower compartment roots had access to non-saline nutrient solution. Despite roots being well-colonized by mycorrhizal fungi, there was no …

Structural Evaluation Of Peanut Protein Isolates During Oxidation By Ftir, Ye Lin, Liao Yu, Zhao Mouming

Food and Machinery

Peanut protein isolates (PPI) was oxidized by peroxyl radicals derived from 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and the secondary structure of oxidized PPI were evaluated. Structural changes of PPI were elucidated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Fourier deconvolution combined with iterative curve fitting was used to analyze the amide I of FTIR. After deconvolved amide I FTIR bands, ten major bands associated with conformation of proteins were distinctly observed. Changes in the bands at 1 618 cm^-1 and 1 682 cm^-1, which arise from the aggregated intermolecular β-sheets, indicated that protein aggregation occurred during PPI oxidation. Quantitative …

Study On Enzyme Screening Of Rice Immune Active Peptide, Wang Lu, Chen Yuehua, Xu Zhou, We Nli, Bu Hanping, Cheng Yunhui

Food and Machinery

The hydrolysis processes of rice protein by had been studied 9 proteinases including Neutrase, Acalase 2.4 L, Papain, Pepsin, Trypsin, Flavourzyme, Acid protease, Protamex and Bromelain, and the immune activities of 9 protein hydrolysate had been considered. The results showed that Trypsin can be used as the optimum hydrolytic enzymes for the preparation of rice immune active peptide whose value-added index (stimulating index, SI) to mice macrophage (RAW264.7) is 1.597 (1 000 μg/mL); the enzymatic hydrolysis had the highest percentage of components with relative molecular mass <1 000, to 74.11%.

Determination On Iodione Content In Infant Formula By Icp—Ms With Water Extraction, Yuan Bo, Xu Hongbin, Sun Kaifeng, Zhou Taoyi

Food and Machinery

The iodione in infant formula is extracted with water, and proteins are precipitated using potassium ferrocyanide and zinc acetate. Then got sample clarified by filtration. By Sample solutions were measured with the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), which the ¹³⁰Te as an internal standard for quantitative analysis. This method is simple and fast, with which the detection limit is 0.10 mg/kg, the recovery rate is 90.8%～109%, the correlation coefficients is over 0.999, and the precision (RSD) is less than 2%.

Interaction Between Food Components And Packaging Materials With Hpp, Cheng Xin, Tang Yali, Wang Shujuan, Fang Yan

Food and Machinery

To study the structure and property, the interaction between the material and the food simulant under High Pressure Processing (HPP). Two kinds of plastic films including PA/PE and PET/PE which have the contents of soy protein, fats and other food were processed under ultra-high pressure condition, stored a certain period and measured the interaction between the food contents and packaging materials under different pressure and dwell time. The results show that: the performance of high pressure treatment of two polymer packaging materials is better than the packaging materials which are not to be treated in a certain storage period; Holding …

Study Of Joint Preservation Packaging Technology Of Fresh-Cut Lettuces, Guo Juan, Zhang Jin, Yan Dandan

Food and Machinery

As the evaluation indexes with the sensory characteristics, weight loss and nutrition, the effects were studied, including fresh-cut lettuces through using controlled storage temperature, choosing different packaging films as well as using modified atmosphere packaging technology. The results showed: if its water loss ratio reaches 3%～5%, and the chlorophyll content is less than 2.2 mg/g, they would lose food value. The best storage temperature is 5～10 ℃. By using the nanomaterials to package fresh-cut lettuces until 14 days under certain conditions, the weight loss was 1.4% and Vc content was 1.38 mg/100 g. By using the MAP technology to package …

Effects Of Fish Brain Phospholipids On Lipid Metabolism In Mice, Li Hui, Fu Jiaqi, Yu Weiwei, Hu Jianen, Wu Long, Lu Hang

Food and Machinery

The effects of fish brain phospholipids on lipid levels in mice were measured. ICR mice were chosen as experimental animals, which were randomly divided into five groups, normal control group fed the basal diet, the rest of the groups fed with high fat diet. The results showed that the fish brain phospholipids can significantly reduce serum TC, TG and LDL-C levels. The results showed that the fish brain phospholipids have hypolipidemic effect.

Optimization Of Extraction Process And Analysis Of Subunit Component Of Glutelin From Euryale Ferox Seed, Li Wei, Mao Jian, Chen Ting, Qi Bin

Food and Machinery

In order to optimize the extraction process and analysis of subunit component of glutelin from Euryale ferox seed, the effect of four variables including liquid/material ratio, temperature, time and sodium hydroxide concentration on the extraction yield of glutelin was investigated by alkali solution and acid isolation. The glutelin extraction model was fitted by means of Box-Behnken design. Moreover, the subunit component of glutelin from Euryale ferox seed was analyzed. The results indicated that the optimum conditions for glutelin in Euryale ferox were determined as 10.3 (V/m), 51 ℃, 2.2 h, 4.5 g/L for liquid/material ratio, temperature, time and sodium hydroxide …

Process Investigation On Selenium-Protein From Selenium-Enriched Tea By Repeated Freezing And Thawing Alkali Extraction, Wang Jun, Dong Wenbin, Lang Fulian, Gao Erdong, Gou Jingxuan

Food and Machinery

Orthogonal test was carried on, choosing four factors: liquid-solid ratio, alkali concentration, extraction times and temperature, three levels to optimize the extracting technology of selenium-protein, on the basis of single factor experiments. Through this test, a series of related coefficients about alkaline extraction assisted by freeze-thaw method were optimized. The optimum extraction technological conditions were obtained as follows: NaOH solution 0.1 mol/L, solid-liquid ratio 60︰1 (Ｖ︰m), extracting temperature 70 ℃, extracting time 3 h ,and extracting times twice,. Under these conditions, the extraction ratio of selenium-protein was 60.93%, the purity of which was 52.07%. The resulting crude protein was further …

Technology Of Flavorful And Nutritional Camellia Oil, Chen Zhixiang, Zhou Bo, Liang Yongming, Zhong Haiyan

Food and Machinery

In order to investigate the effect of roasting on quality of pressed camellia oil, different roasting temperature, and roasting time were selected during roast process. Oil yield, physicochemical properties, fatty acid and volatile flavor components were determined. The result showed that the roasting under 155 ℃ for 15 min was the optimum condition not only for the volatile flavor composition, but also for the physicochemical indices. The fatty acid composition had little bit change with different roasting temperature, roasting time. Most indicators of the oil pressed under above conditions can meet the requirements the first grade oil in GB 11765—2003, …

Progress Of Foodborne Antioxidant In Neurodegenerative Diseases, L Vzhaoliang, Xu Zhou, We Nli, Y Uhuixin, Zhang Li, Chen Gyunhui

Food and Machinery

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are caused by the loss of neurons, and worsen with the passage of time, to result in dysfunction. A large number of studies have found most neurodegenerative diseases had associations with the oxidative process and free radical damage. In recent years, foodborne antioxidants such as vitamin, flavonoids and other polyphenolics, polysacharides and saponins are used in the prevention and treatment of the NDs. This review indicates the relationship between oxidative stress and NDs, and focuses on the role of various foodborne antioxidants in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.

Review On Extraction Methods And Function Activity Of Blueberry Polyphenols, Wu He, Wang Yuanliang, Zhao Lin, Liu Anran, Chen Chouwei

Food and Machinery

Blueberry polyphenols, as efficient bio-active substances, play an important role in anti-oxidation and subhealth improvement. Besides of conventional resolving extraction, methods of high efficiency and extraction rate also have been applied to it with the development of technology; functional studies also have gradually developed to the molecular and cellular level. For the purpose to offer an advisory opinion for further discuss, the research progresses of solvent, ultrasonic, enzymatic, microwave-assisted extraction process; and the ability of slowing down the occurrence of malignant diseases, improving sub-health state of human body of blueberry polyphenols are summarized in this passage.

Nutrient Value And Health-Care Functionof Xiang-Lotus And Its Development In Food Industry, Wang Liangliang, Xia Yanbin, Ren Mei

Food and Machinery

Xiang-lotus is rich in nutrition with numerous health benefits and nutrition will be improvement after germination. This paper introduced the nutrient value and health care function of Xiang-lotus, development and utilization in food industry. It can provide a research reference for intensive processing and comprehensive utilization as well.

Impact Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi On The Physiology Of Maize Genotypes Under Variable Nitrogen And Phosphorus Levels, Roberto Crespo

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

It is important to increase our understanding of AM fungal and maize genotype interactions, the impact of N and P fertilization and water condition on the symbiosis, and on the physiology and nutritional status of maize plants. In two greenhouse experiments AM inoculated plants exhibited root colonization values around 70% which was confirmed by the presence of the AM lipid biomarker (C16:1cis11). Nitrogen fertilization increased AM root colonization, but only compared to unfertilized plants. Root colonization and biomarker concentration in root and soil were similar among inoculated maize genotypes across conventional and drought tolerant hybrids. Mycorrhizal inoculation had a positive …

Soil Total Organic Carbon And Farmers’ Perceptions Associated With Bokashi Application In Cerro Punta, Panama, Emma Searson

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Sustainable use and maintenance of agricultural soils are important for maintaining long-term agricultural productivity and environmental quality. These issues are especially important in Cerro Punta, known as the breadbasket of Panama, which is experiencing severe erosion. While current practices and agrochemical usage damage soil health and function over time, application of organic material improves soil physic-chemical properties such as nutrient and total organic carbon (TOC) content. Bokashi, a fermented organic soil amendment with effective microorganisms (EM), is thought to be especially beneficial due to its ability to augment populations of soil microbes, which deliver plant-available nutrients to crops and improve …

Urban Gardening Practices In Bangalore: Towards A More Localized Food System?, Delfina Grinspan

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Localized Food Systems (LFS) have garnered much attention in recent years among civil society, research, and policy circles, among others. Increased attention and efforts to build more localized food systems are principally motivated by the awareness of the pressures exerted by increasing urbanization on food security and access, and concern for the ecological and social costs of the dominant globalized food system. In their varying purpose to address these two issues, LFS tend to be characterized by certain patterns of (localized) land, water, and other resource use; by direct marketing and distribution arrangements; and by the presence of extensive linkages …

Louisiana Agriculture Spring, 2015

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

Socio-Economic Factors Associated With The Adoption Of Conservation Agriculture Among Women Farmers In Balaka District, Malawi, Chimwemwe M. Chisenga

Open Access Theses

The study was conducted in Balaka District, Malawi among women farmers. The study focused on three research questions: What socio-economic factors are associated with the rate of adoption of conservation agriculture among women farmers in Balaka District, Malawi? What are the levels of adoption of conservation agriculture among women farmers in Balaka District, Malawi? What are the main sources of information for conservation agriculture among women farmers in Balaka District, Malawi that lead to adoption of CA? Quantitative data were collected using a door-to-door survey. The survey was verbally administered to 60 women farmers. ^ Qualitative data were collected through …

Fuel Choice, Acute Respiratory Infection And Child Growth In Uganda, Onyekachi U. Aghasili

Open Access Theses

This thesis seeks to explain the relationship between a household's choice of fuel and the health and nutrition outcomes of children below the age of 5 in Uganda. The first objective is to examine the association between the choice of fuel and the incidence of acute respiratory infection (ARI). The second objective is to measure the relationship between choice of fuel, ARI and nutrition outcomes of children. ^ I use data from the 2006 and 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Surveys (UDHS). The total number of observations is 4,463. Data indicate that 94% of rural households in the DHS sample …

An Evaluation Of The Military Extension Internship Program, Lynette Marie Griffin

Open Access Theses

The Department of Defense (DoD) identified a need in military communities, both on and off installations, to offer high quality child care and youth services to military families as well as civilian families who serve the military communities. In response, the Office of the Secretary of Defense - Military Community and Family Policy (OSD-MC and FP), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)'s National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) and Purdue University created the Purdue University Military Extension Internship Program (MEIP) to help university students and recent graduates gain professional skills through unique internships that provide real-world work experience with …

The Effect Of Biochar On The Growth Of Agricultural Weed Species, Karen Anne Mitchell

Open Access Theses

Biochar, a carbon-rich residue similar to charcoal, has been proposed as a soil amendment to improve soil quality and increase crop yields while simultaneously mitigating climate change by the sequestration of carbon. The beneficial effect of biochar on crops may extend to weed species and, although it is well known that weeds reduce crop yields, there is little published research on the effect of biochar on agricultural weed species. In a series of greenhouse and growth chamber experiments, three questions were addressed. First, how does nitrogen interact with biochar produced from a single feedstock to affect weeds? Second, how do …

Male And Female Interaction In Apple: Pollen Tube Growth, Fruit Set, Fruit Quality, And Return Bloom, Khalil Rahman Jahed

Open Access Theses

In apple, adequate and appropriate pollination and fertilization is required for fruit set, fruit quality and subsequent fruit growth. Pollen source, pollen-style interaction and compatibility, and ample pollen tube growth are potentially highly influential factors on the fertilization and fruit setting process. Pollinizer is considered to be one of the influential factors and has a remarkable impact on fertilization. However, basic information on the level of pollinizer compatibility and its contribution to yield is lacking for many commercial apple cultivars. Hence, we conducted these experiments to compare pollinizers in terms of pollen tube growth, fruit set, fruit quality and return …

Propionate Induces Gluconeogenesis In Dairy Cattle Through Direct Activation Of The Bovine Cytosolic Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Gene Promoter, Qian Zhang

Open Access Dissertations

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK, GTP; EC4.1.1.32) catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate (OAA) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), a critical reaction for gluconeogenesis. The two isoforms of PCK, namely cytosolic PCK (PCK1), and the mitochondrial PCK (PCK2) are abundantly expressed in liver and kidney. Increased PCK1 activity and mRNA expression in liver is observed as feed intake recovers during early lactation in dairy cows, a condition linked to increased ruminal propionate production. The central hypothesis of this dissertation is that propionate regulates its own metabolism in liver of dairy cattle through regulation of the PCK1 gene. The objectives of this dissertation were to determine: …

Commodity Of The Quarter: Quinoa: Catalyst Or Catastrophe?, Necia Parker-Gibson

University Libraries Faculty Publications and Presentations

Quinoa is a grain-like crop that is rich in protein and minerals; its ability to grow on marginal soils improves its attractiveness as a potential solution to hunger in many areas. Primarily adapted to the high Andes, it is drawing increasing amounts of research scrutiny, as researchers and farmers try to create reasonable agronomic solutions to growing populations and continuing loss of arable land. Since it has become fashionable with vegetarians and vegans in the developed world, it may be argued that the crop is less available to its original growers. Issues of economic and political sovereignty complicate the use …

Growing South Dakota (Spring 2015), College Of Agriculture &. Biological Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

This issue includes the 2014 SDSU Extension Annual Report.

[Page] 2 Committed To South Dakotans: Programs Focus On “Healthy Food, Healthy Families, Healthy Communities”
[Page] 4 Serving South Dakota’s Multi-Cultural Communities: Programs Take Root In Sioux Falls And On Standing Rock Indian Reservation
[Page] 4 Relevant Resource: New Manual Provides Guidance For Farmers Markets
[Page] 6 Food Growers Unite: Formation Of “Food Hub” Being Explored
[Page] 8 Envisioning The Future: Extension Assists Community Leaders With Forward Thinking
[Page] 10 Innovative New Tools: Online Resources Provide Useful Climate Data, Drainage Calculators
[Page] 12 Meeting Producer Needs: Production Knowledge Enhanced With Extension …

Good Governance For Achieving Food Security In Ethiopia: Challenges And Issues, Mussie Ybabe, Sisay Asefa

International Journal of African Development

Although rice technologies have been introduced in Fogera district over the last two decades, farm household’s food demand was not met as expected. Sustained, intensified and coordinated rice research is the key to curb the problem but impaired due to lack of good governance coupled with weak institutional capacity. This has resulted snowballing effects like little or no discussion among/with farmers on good practices, successes/failures of technology adoption and input delivery; poor linkage of small farmers to market and knowledge gap in Development Agents. Therefore, this study identified and evaluated potential determinants of household food security with basic emphasis to …

The Impact Of Agriculture On African Civilization In The 21st Century, Andrew S. Targowski

International Journal of African Development

The purpose of this paper is to define the impact of agriculture on African Civilization in the 21^st century. The methodology is based on an interdisciplinary big-picture view of the African Civilizations. The multifaceted layers of civilizations will be analyzed as interdependent with the agricultural development of African societies. Among the findings are: Sub-Saharan Africa falls short of meeting its agricultural needs. Only one of two individual Africans has access to clean and enough water. Energy and supply of electricity are woefully inadequate and unreliable. Agriculture as a foundation for development and modernization for Africa is too limited. Environmental …