Digital Commons Network^™

Soil Carbon Increased By Twice The Amount Of Biochar Carbon Applied After 6 Years: Field Evidence Of Negative Priming, Humberto Blanco-Canqui, David A. Laird, Emily A. Heaton, Samuel Rathke, Bharat Sharma Acharya

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Applying biochar to agricultural soils has been proposed as a means of sequester-ing carbon (C) while simultaneously enhancing soil health and agricultural sustain-ability. However, our understanding of the long-term effects of biochar and annual versus perennial cropping systems and their interactions on soil properties under field conditions is limited. We quantified changes in soil C concentration and stocks, and other soil properties 6 years after biochar applications to corn (Zea mays L.) and dedicated bioenergy crops on a Midwestern US soil. Treatments were as fol-lows: no-till continuous corn, Liberty switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), and low-diversity prairie grasses, 45% big bluestem …

Soil Sample Timing, Nitrogen Fertilization, And Incubation Length Influence Anaerobic Potentially Mineralizable Nitrogen, Jason Clark, Kristen S. Veum, Fabián G. Fernández, Newell R. Kitchen, James J. Camberato, Paul Carter, Richard Ferguson, David W. Franzen, Daniel E. Kaiser, Carrie A. M. Laboski, Emerson Nafziger, Carl J. Rosen, John E. Sawyer, John F. Shanahan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Understanding the variables that affect the anaerobic potentially mineralizable N (PMNan) test should lead to a standard procedure of sample collection and incubation length, improving PMNan as a tool in corn (Zea mays L.) N management. We evaluated the effect of soil sample timing (preplant and V5 corn development stage [V5]), N fertilization (0 and 180 kg ha−1) and incubation length (7, 14, and 28 d) on PMNan (0–30 cm) across a range of soil properties and weather conditions. Soil sample timing, N fertilization, and incubation length affected PMNan differently based on soil and weather conditions. Preplant vs. V5 PMNan …

A Systematic Review Of Durum Wheat: Enhancing Production Systems By Exploring Genotype, Environment, And Management (G × E × M) Synergies, Brian L. Beres, Elham Rahmani, John M. Clarke, Patricio Grassini, Curtis J. Pozniak, Cameron Guy Robinson Geddes, Kenton D. Porker, William E. May, Joel Ransom

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

According to the UN-FAO, agricultural production must increase by 50% by 2050 to meet global demand for food. This goal can be accomplished, in part, by the development of improved cultivars coupled with modern best management practices. Overall, wheat production on farms will have to increase significantly to meet future demand, and in the face of a changing climate that poses risk to even current rates of production. Durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.)] is used largely for pasta, couscous and bulgur production. Durum producers face a range of factors spanning abiotic (frost damage, drought, and sprouting) and …

Transformative Education In Agroecology: Student, Teacher, And Client Involvement In Co-Learning, Charles A. Francis, Anna Marie Nicolaysen, Geir Lieblein, Tor Arvid Breland

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Educational methods have evolved rapidly in agroecology, which is a complex and holistic field without a long history or the formal tradition of any single academic discipline. Definitions of agroecology have evolved from its initial conception as a marriage of agriculture with ecology, to an aggregation of different paths including science, practices, and movements, and recently as a broad appreciation of the ecology of food systems. In contrast with traditional courses that begin with a history of the discipline and review the contributions of early leaders, we have embraced phenomenology to firmly establish roots in students’ learning through their experiences …

Quantifying On‐Farm Nitrous Oxide Emission Reductions In Food Supply Chains, A.J. Eagle, E. Mclellan, E.M. Brawner, M.H. Chantigny, Eric A. Davidson, J.B. Dickey, Bruce A. Linquist, T.M. Maaz, D.E. Pelster, Cameron M. Pittelkow, C. Van Kessel, T.J. Vyn, K. G. Cassman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Reducing nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agriculture is critical to limiting future global warming. In response, a growing number of food retailers and manufacturers have committed to reducing N2O emissions from their vast networks of farmer suppliers by providing technical assistance and financial incentives. A key challenge for such companies is demonstrating that their efforts are leading to meaningful progress toward their climate mitigation commitments. We show that a simplified version of soil surface nitrogen (N) balance—or partial N balance—the difference between N inputs to and outputs

from a farm field (fertilizer N minus crop N), is a robust indicator …

Improvement Of Smallholder Farming Systems In Africa, Charles S. Wortmann, Tilahun Amede, Mateete Bekunda, Keziah Ndung’U-Magiroi, Patricia Masikati, Sieglinde S. Snapp, Zachary P. Stewart, Mark Westgate, Zacarie Zida, Charles E. Kome

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

This forum paper provides a synthesis and discussion of 14 categories of lessons learned from experiences for achieving farm-level impact with smallholder farm- ers in Africa. These lessons were reported in a symposium hosted by the Agron- omy in Africa community of the American Society of Agronomy. The lessons, listed in order of frequency of reporting, were the need to: have adequate infras- tructure and services; enable spontaneous adoption; have multi-disciplinary and institutional collaboration; build on previous adoption of good agronomic practices (GAP); have farmer participation in research; encourage and learn from smallholder adaptations; make GAP promotion demand-driven; allow GAP …

Soybean Nodule-Associated Non-Rhizobial Bacteria Inhibit Plant Pathogens And Induce Growth Promotion In Tomato, Serkan Tokgöz, Dilip K. Lakshman, Mahmoud H. Ghozlan, Hasan Pinar, Daniel P. Roberts, Amitava Mitra

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The root nodules are a unique environment formed on legume roots through a highly specific symbiotic relationship between leguminous plants and nodule-inducing bacteria. Previously, Rhizobia were presumed to be the only group of bacteria residing within nodules. However, recent studies discovered diverse groups of bacteria within the legume nodules. In this report soybean nodule-associated bacteria were studied in an effort to identify beneficial bacteria for plant disease control and growth promotion. Analysis of surface-sterilized single nodules showed bacterial diversity of the nodule microbiome. Five hundred non-rhizobial colonies from 10 nodules, 50 colonies per nodule, were tested individually against the tomato …

Foliar Micronutrient Application For High-Yield Maize, Zachary P. Stewart, Ellen T. Paparozzi, Charles S. Wortmann, Prakash Kumar Jha, Charles A. Shapiro

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Nebraska soils are generally micronutrient sufficient. However, critical levels for current yields have not been validated. From 2013 to 2015, 26 on-farm paired comparison strip-trials were conducted across Nebraska to test the effect of foliar-applied micronutrients on maize (Zea mays L.) yield and foliar nutrient concentrations. Treatments were applied from V6 to V14 at sites with 10.9 to 16.4 Mg ha−1 yield. Soils ranged from silty clays to fine sands. Soil micronutrient availability and tissue concentrations were all above critical levels for deficiency. Significant grain yield increases were few. Micronutrient concentrations for leaf growth that occurred after foliar applications were …

Continuous Cropping Alters Multiple Biotic And Abiotic Indicators Of Soil Health, Pervaiz Ahmad, Javed Iqbal, Qingming Zhang, Dima Chen, Hui Wei, Muhammad Saleem

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The continuous cropping (CC) of major agricultural, horticultural, and industrial crops is an established practice worldwide, though it has significant soil health-related concerns. However, a combined review of the effects of CC on soil health indicators, in particular omics ones, remains missing. The CC may negatively impact multiple biotic and abiotic indicators of soil health, fertility, and crop yield. It could potentially alter the soil biotic indicators, which include but are not limited to the composition, abundance, diversity, and functioning of soil micro- and macro-organisms, microbial networks, enzyme activities, and soil food web interactions. Moreover, it could also alter various …

Coal Char Affects Soil Ph To Reduce Ammonia Volatilization From Sandy Loam Soil, Dinesh Panday, Maysoon M. Mikha, Bijesh Maharjan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Ammonia (NH3) volatilization loss adversely affects N availability in soil-plant systems, reduces crop yield, and negatively impacts environment. Char (coal combus- tion residue), which contains up to 293 g kg−1 total C by weight, has been shown to reduce NH3 volatilization due to its considerably high surface area and cation exchange capacity. The NH3 loss can be greatly affected by a shift in soil pH or urea hydrolysis. A 21-d laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effects of char on soil pH, N transformations, and subsequent NH3 volatilization in sandy loam soil. Two char rates (0 and 13.4 Mg …

Adjusting Corn Nitrogen Management By Including A Mineralizable-Nitrogen Test With The Preplant And Presidedress Nitrate Tests, Jason Clark, Fabián G. Fernández, Kristen S. Veum, James J. Camberato, Paul R. Carter, Richard Ferguson, David W. Franzen, Daniel E. Kaiser, Newell R. Kitchen, C. A.M. Laboski, Emerson Nafziger, Carl J. Rosen, John E. Sawyer, John F. Shanahan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The anaerobic potentially mineralizable N (PMN) test combined with the preplant (PPNT) and presidedress (PSNT) nitrate tests may improve corn (Zea mays L.) N fertilization predictions. Forty-nine corn N response experiments (mostly corn following soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]) were conducted in the U.S. Midwest from 2014–2016 to evaluate the ability of the PPNT and PSNT to predict corn relative yield (RY) and N fertilizer over- and under-application rates when adjusted by PMN. Before planting and N fertilization, PPNT (0–30, 30–60, and 60–90 cm) and PMN (0–30 cm) samples were obtained. In-season soil samples were obtained at the …

Relating Four-Day Soil Respiration To Corn Nitrogen Fertilizer Needs Across 49 U.S. Midwest Fields, G. M. Bean, Newell R. Kitchen, Kristen S. Veum, James J. Camberato, Richard Ferguson, Fabian G. Fernandez, David W. Franzen, Carrie A.M. Laboski, Emerson Nafziger, John E. Sawyer, Matt Yost

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soil microbes drive biological functions thatmediate chemical and physical processes necessary for plants to sustain growth. Laboratory soil respiration has been proposed as one universal soil health indicator representing these functions, potentially informing crop and soil management decisions. Research is needed to test the premise that soil respiration is helpful for profitable in-season nitrogen (N) rate management decisions in corn (Zea mays L.). The objective of this research was two-fold: (i) determine if the amount of N applied at the time of planting effected soil respiration, and (ii) evaluate the relationship of soil respiration to corn yield response to …

Forage Systems For The Temperate Subhumid And Semiarid Areas, John R. Hendrickson, Corey Moffet

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Biophysical And Socioeconomic Impacts Of Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration In Burkina Faso, Basnewende Brice Fulgence Zoungrana

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Human actions such as overgrazing, the development of cities at the expense of forests, high intensity and poor agricultural management, and so forth, reduce the resources available for future generations. Because Earth has limited resources, it is important to judiciously use and manage natural resources. Human actions towards nature are the focus of my research in Africa. Increased demands for grazing, agriculture, and ecosystem services led some farmers in developing countries to use unsustainable practices, which may lead to low incomes and poor food nutrition for households. Farmer managed natural regeneration (FMNR) may be a solution to these issues. FMNR …

Food Accessibility Related To The Double Your Dollar Program, Julia Carlson, Heather Friedrich, Mechelle Bailey, Curt Rom

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

The Double Your Dollar (DYD) Program is a program that gives Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) beneficiaries and Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program (SFMNP) participants match dollars to spend at local farmers markets. The DYD’s goal is to incentivize healthy eating among individuals of low income and promote spending at farmers markets. Food insecurity affects over 60,000 individuals in Washington and Benton counties in Arkansas. The aim of this study was to assess how the DYD program impacted users’ food accessibility and how the program could be improved for the future. A survey was used to address basic demographics, type, …

Wheat Blast: A New Threat To Food Security, M. Tofazzal Islam, Dipali Rani Gupta, Akbar Hossain, Krishna K. Roy, Xinyao He, Muhammad R. Kabir, Pawan K. Singh, Md. Arifur Rahman Khan, Mahfuzur Rahman, Guo-Liang Wang

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Wheat blast, caused by the Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) lineage (synonym Pyricularia oryzae Triticum lineage), is a destructive disease in South America and Bangladesh. It is primarily a disease of wheat head, which can cause yield loss up to 100% under favorable disease conditions. The head infection results in complete or partial bleaching of the spike above the point of infection with either no grain or shriveled grain with low test weight. Due to low fungicide efficacy against the disease and lack of availability of resistant varieties, an integrated management program should be adopted to control this serious wheat disease. …

Growing South Dakota (Winter 2020), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

This issue contains the SDSU Extension 2019 Annual Report

[Page] 2-3 South Dakota Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory Ribbon Cutting Ceremony
[Page] 4 SDSU Extension
[Page] 4 From the Director of Extension Karla Trautman
[Page] 5 2019 USDA Risk Management Agency Crop Indemnities
[Page] 6-8 SDSU Extension Responds to Mother Nature in 2019
[Page] 9 Successful Energize! Conference Buoys Community Efforts in Lemmon & Beyond
[Page] 10-11 Helping Loved Ones Transition Smoothly
[Page] 12 AmeriCorps VISTA Members Expand Extension Programming
[Page] 13 South Dakota Wellness Coalitions Make Big Impacts in Small Communities [Page] 14-16 Extension Programs in Our Own …

Shrub Management Handbook For Utah Rangelands, Rebecca Mann, Tom Monaco, Kari E. Veblen, Eric Thacker, Elizabeth A. Burritt

All Current Publications

This handbook is a guide to developing realistic project plans and implementing appropriate management strategies by enhancing your understanding of basic shrub biology, ecological concepts,and management principles.

Development Of Assessment Tools Of Package/Product Systems For A Sustainable Food Chain, Kompal Joshi

Doctoral

Post-harvest life of fresh produce is limited due to high metabolic activity and microbial spoilage. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) has proven to be one of the most effective techniques to extend the shelf life of fresh produce commercially. Obtaining of an optimum concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide inside the package depends upon the product properties, the environmental conditions of the cold chain, the permeable film, some of which are subjected to natural variability during the food distribution chain. This variability may generate produce that is out of specification that will lead to food waste. Uncertainty analysis of this problem …

Weather Information Needs Of Displaced Artisanal Fishermen In Bakassi Pennisula Nigeria, Friday O. Idiku, Kalu Iroha Ogbonna, Patrick Ogar Ogar, Goodness Mosiokpahe David

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

Information on weather forecast is necessary to guide fishermen on their fishing adventure. The purpose of this study was assessed the weather information needs of displaced fishermen in Bakassi Pennisula, Nigeria. This study was conducted in Bakassi which is a peninsula on the Gulf of Guinea that lies between latitudes 4°25′ and 5°10′N and longitudes 8°20′ and 9°08′E. It has an area of 665 km² (257 sq mi) with displaced Fishermen settling in the area who were the main respondents. It was a descriptive study. One hundred and five (105) displaced fishermen were randomly selected as respondents using snowball …

Urban Horticulture, From Local Initiatives To Global Success Stories, Roland Ebel, Esmaeil Fallahi, John L. Griffis Jr., Dilip Nandwani, Donielle Nolan, Ross H. Penhallegon, Mary Rogers

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Urban horticulture describes economically viable horticultural production activities conducted in a city or suburb. It is a growing segment of horticulture in the United States as well as in developing countries, where the enormous growth of megalopolis is not backed by a simultaneous increase of farmland or agricultural productivity. Today, urban horticulture includes food sovereignty in underprivileged neighborhoods, increased availability of vegetables and fruits in big cities, healthy and diverse diets, improved food safety, low transportation costs, efficient resource use, and the mitigation of environmental impacts of horticultural production such as the emission of greenhouse gases. The workshop “Urban horticulture: …

Remediating Soil For Successful Vegetation Establishment Along Nebraska Highways, Shad Mills, Martha Mamo, Walt Schacht, Humberto Blanco-Canqui

Nebraska Department of Transportation: Research Reports

Vegetation along roadsides is important to prevent soil erosion, provide habitat, and filter water running off the road. Vegetation close to the pavement along highways in Nebraska does not readily establish and persist. It is thought that the sodium and bulk density are the driving factors behind the lack of vegetation. After a construction project the shoulder is seeded into the compacted soil, and during winter salts can accumulate in the soil because of deicing agents being used. The purpose of our study was to determine if the sodium and bulk density are the driving factors of the vegetation cover. …

Development Countermeasures Of Banana Industrial Chain Based On Its Storage Processing, Liu Zhongyi, Ma Qiyu, Fu Man, Gong Shouji, Huang Hai, Chen Deqiang, Huang Li

Food and Machinery

Aiming at the lack of key link in banana industry chain, a new concept of ‘storage processing’ was put forward, including the storage-products and the relative processing technology. Restricted by the absence of key node in industrial chain, banana processing industry is always difficult to achieve substantive breakthrough. Based on modern food processing technologies, such as integrated crushing, browning control, thickening, low temperature preservation or drying, the whole banana fruit is processed into full fruit banana sauce or full fruit banana powder, by developing some storable and easy-to-mix whole jam or whole fruit powder. This can effectively achieve the storage …

Release Condition And Sustained-Release Behavior Simulation Of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella) Fish Oil Microcapsule Core Material, Liu Xiaoli, Wei Changqing, Xia Wenshui

Food and Machinery

With grass carp fish oil as core material, soybean protein isolate and chitosan as composite wall material, fish oil microcapsules were prepared by ultrasonic assisted homogenization and spray drying. In order to determine the release performance of core materials under different storage temperature, relative humidity and light intensity, the release kinetics of microcapsules under different storage conditions were investigated. The results indicated that release kinetic equations were significant and credible, with R² greater than 0.97. Moreover, the release mechanism parameters were fouls less than 1 under theconditions of 4~50 ℃ and 34% relative humidity, which belonged to the diffusion-limited …

Effect Of High Temperature Treatment On Beef Fatty Acid And Fat Oxidation, Ke Hairui, Kang Huaibin, Cheng Weiwei, Cai Chaoqi

Food and Machinery

Fresh cattle longissimus dorsi muscle was heated at 110, 115 and 121 ℃ for 5, 10, 15, 20 min respectively. The effects of high temperature on fatty acid composition and fat oxidation in cattle longissimus dorsi muscle were researched by gas chromatography. The results showed that: at 121 ℃, the oxidation rate of intramuscular fat was significantly higher than that at 110 ℃ and 115 ℃ (P<0.05); the content of saturated fatty acid (SFA) increased significantly (P<0.05), and the content of unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) decreased (P<0.05); SFA was not significantly affected by high temperature treatment temperature (110, 115 ℃) (P>0.05), and was significantly affected by treatment time (P<0.05), while heat treatment temperature and time had significant effects on UFA content (P<0.05); the content of short chain and medium chain fatty acids increased due to the fracture and degradation of long chain saturated fatty acids.

Dictection Of Special Spoilage Organisms Of Chicken Breast In Different Storage Conditions, Zhang Li, Yin Defeng, Zhang Dawen, Luo Linguang

Food and Machinery

In order to explore the special spoilage organisms (SSO) of the chicken breast in different storage conditions, the fresh chicken breast of Ningdu Yellow chicken was used as the experimental material. Three preservation methods were used to preserve the chicken breast, including the tray aerobic packaging preservation under 4 ℃ and 25 ℃, vacuum packaging preservation under 4 ℃. The total number of colonies and TVB-N value of the chicken breast were measured during these preservation processes and their surface bacterial diversity was analyzed. The results showed that when the aerobic packaging chicken was stored for 7 days under 4 …

Variation In Physicochemical Properties And Microbial Diversity During The Progression Of Efflorescence On The Surface Of Douchi, Zhu Minfang, Zhang Lu, Ye Yunhua, Liao Hui

Food and Machinery

The changes in basic physicochemical properties and microbial diversity of Douchi before and after efflorescence of the surface were evaluated. The physicochemical properties were investigated via determining the content of moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, total sugar, reducing sugar, total acid, and amino nitrogen, along with the amino acid composition. The microbial diversity was measured by Illumina Miseq sequencing. The results showed that, with the progress of efflorescing, the ash and total sugar content of Douchi exhibited insignificant changes, and the crude fat, reducing sugar and total acid content showed a downward trend as a whole. The moisture content …

Study On Antioxidant Active Components Of Potatoes, Kou Tingting, Chen Jin, Fan Yanli, Zhang Huiling

Food and Machinery

The content of total polyphenols and flavonoids in eight varieties of potatoes grown in Ningxia was analyzed, and the type and content of phenolic acids in potatoes were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The scavenging capacity of 8 varieties of potatoes against superoxide anions, hydroxyl groups, DPPH, ABTS and ferric iron reduction capacity of FRAP were compared by in vitro antioxidant evaluation model. The results were shown as follows. The highest polyphenol content in Heimeiren was 400.38 mg/100 g, and the lowest in Xiabodi was 233.93 mg/100 g. The highest content of flavonoids was 107.39 mg/100 g in …

Study On The Nutrient Composition And Antioxidant Activity Of Highland Barley Bran, Xiang Zhuoya, Xia Chen, Yang Kaijun, Liu Tinghui, Chen Jian, Zhu Yongqing, Xun Guolun, Zhang Yingjiao, Lin Changbin, Huang Qiaolian

Food and Machinery

In order to improve the comprehensive utilization and additional value of highland barley bran, the nutritional components of highland barley bran were explored. The results showed that starch, protein and crude fiber were the main components of the two kinds of highland barley bran, and the contents of crude protein, crude fiber and ash were higher than those of highland barley whole grains. Among them, the content of Mg, P and Ca were high, and amino acids were abundant. The content of total polyphenols was 6.30 mg/g and 9.05 mg/g, respectively, and anthocyanins of black highland barley bran were 7.0 …

Effect Of Ultrasonic And Blanching Pretreatment On Hot Air Drying Of Sweet Potato Leaves, Zhang Yingmin, Ren Guangyue, Qu Zhanping, Jin Liwei, Duan Xu, Zhang Ledao

Food and Machinery

In order to optimize the hot air drying process of fresh sweet potato leaves and improve its drying quality, the pretreatment of sweet potato leaves before hot air drying was carried out by ultrasonic and blanching, and different ultrasonic power, temperature, time and proportion of blanching liquid, temperature. The effect of time on chlorophyll, rehydration, chromatic aberration, drying characteristics, energy consumption and microstructure of sweet potato leaves after hot air. The experimental results showed that the optimal ultrasonic conditions are: time 10 min, power 300 W, temperature 40 ℃, the ultrasonic pretreatment of sweet potato leaves has a higher drying …