Digital Commons Network^™

Advances In The Study Of In Vitro Simulated Digestion, Li Nuo, Zhang Dong-Jie, Zhang Gui-Fang, Lu Bao-Xin

Food and Machinery

Different types of in vitro digestion conditions and digestion parts were categorized summarized in this review, and different types of in vitro simulated digestion tests were analyzed. The application of in vitro simulated digestion in different nutrients was also reviewed.

Active Components, Physiological Functions And Application Progress Of Aronia Melanocarpa Fruit, Yin Xia-Wei, Wang Chu-Yan, Yang Liu-Qing, Cao Jiang-Wei

Food and Machinery

In this paper, the active components of theAronia Melanocarpa fruits were introduced, and the physiological functions of Aronia Melanocarpa fruits were emphasized. The development status of the Aronia Melanocarpa fruits of was expounded. Finally, some suggestions on its application prospect were put forward, hoping to provide reference for the comprehensive utilization of the resources of Aronia Melanocarpa.

Research Progress In Physiological Function, Extraction And Application Of Anthocyanidin From Black Soybean Coat, Wei Xin-Yuan, Chen Hong-Yin, Cheng Dao-Mei

Food and Machinery

Summarized the physiological functions and separation and purification process of anthocyanidins from seed coat of black bean, and its application in food, medicine and cosmetics and other industries, and also prospected the future research and utilization of anthocyanidins from seed coat of black bean.

Effect Of Extrusion Process On Different Forms Of Phenolic Compounds And Antioxidant Activities Of Hulless Barley, He Yang-Hang, Liu Gang, Xia Chen, Deng Jun-Lin, Lin Chang-Bin, Xiang Zhuo-Ya, Chen Jian, Zhang Wen-Hui

Food and Machinery

This study was aimed at determining the contents of different forms of polyphenols and antioxidant activities of hulless barley. The contents and types of polyphenols were detected by Folin-ciocalteu and HPLC, respectively. The antioxidant activity was investigated by testing the scavenging ability of DPPH radicals. Results showed that the free, bind and total phenolic content of hulless barley decreased respectively by 89.3%, 23.7% and 52.7%, and esterified polyphenols slightly increased by 2.49 mg/100 g after processing. The variety of polyphenols segregated from free polyphenol extracts increased three. Besides, 7 phenolic compounds were all tested in bind polyphenols. Ferulic acid had …

Simultaneous Determination Of Four Flavonoid Glycosides And Limonin In Pomelo By Hplc, Zhang Shan, Huang Xue-Song

Food and Machinery

In order to simultaneously determine narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin and limonin in pomelo, the effects of elution conditions and measurement wavelength of high-pressure liquid chromatography on the determination results were studied. The results showed that the optimal measurement conditions were as follows. Chromatographic column of Bio-Bond 5 μm C₁₈ (4.6 mm × 250 mm was used, and the injection volume was 10 μL; the detection wavelengths of flavonoid glycosides and limonin were 283 nm and 220 nm, respectively; The phase: included acetonitrile (A) and water (B) with gradient elution of 0 min, 22% A, 8 min, 22% A, 10 …

Determination Of Four Synthetic Antioxidants In Edible Vegetable Oil By Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Coupled With Quechers, Zheng Hong-Tao, Liu Zi-Xiong, Wei Rong, Xie Guo-Dan, Dong Hai, Tan Gui-Liang

Food and Machinery

To establish a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the rapid determination of four synthetic antioxidants (BHT, BHA, TBHQ, and Ionox-100) in seven kinds of edible vegetable oils by QuEChERS assisted with ultrasonic extraction and purification. After ultrasonic extraction with acetonitrile, the samples were purified by QuEChERS technology, DB-35MS capillary column (30 m × 0.250 mm × 0.25 μm) was used for separation of analytes and ion monitoring (SIM) mode was selected for determination. The analytes were quantified by external standard method. The results indicated that the linear range of synthetic antioxidants was 0.5~20.0 μg/mL, and the correlation coefficient (R …

Investigation Of The State Of Dna Methylation In High And Low Protein Accumulating Maize Lines, Akash Lal

Student Theses and Dissertations

Transgenic plant-based production for industrial enzymes is an evolutionary tool. Green bio- factories have powerful potential to produce desirable product on the most economical and efficient level. Seed itself provides protein a very stable environment, solving the problem of storage. Transgenic plants easily scale up production. Increasing population, climate change and low amounts of arable land create a damaging situation for which a plant-based production system is beneficial. The transgenic plant-based production system rather than microbial fermentation is a solution for this rising scenario. Epigenetics is a natural phenomenon which causes heritable changes in gene expression alternative to the involvement …

Mental Model-Based Repeated Multifaceted (Mrm) Intervention Design: A Conceptual Framework For Improving Preventive Health Behaviors And Outcomes, Mazbahul G. Ahamad, Fahian Tanin

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Objective: Field interventions employed to improve preventive health behaviors and outcomes generally use well established approaches; however, recent studies have reported that health education and promotional interventions have little to no impact on health behaviors, especially in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to develop a conceptual framework to improve intervention designs that would internalize these concerns and limitations.

Results: We identified three major experimental design- and implementation-related concerns associated with mental models, including the balance between the treatment and control groups, the treatment group’s willingness to adopt suggested behaviors, and the type, length, frequency, intensity, and sequence of treatments. …

Pie/Decorative Pumpkin Cultivar Evaluation, Chris Smigell, John Strang, John Snyder, Emily Pfeufer, Bob Perry, Emily Dewitt

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

Fourteen pie and decorative pumpkin cultivars were evaluated in a replicated trial to determine their performance under Central Kentucky growing conditions. Plants were grown using standard commercial growing practices, using raised beds with trickle tube irrigation and fertigation, and covered with black plastic film. Fungicides and insecticides were applied following University of Kentucky Extension guidelines. Yields per-acre, fruit dimensions, weights and sugar contents were measured. Cultivars were also evaluated for visual attributes, such as size- and color uniformity and stem attractivness. Bisbee Gold’, ‘Baby Wrinkles’, ‘Darling’, ‘Fall Splendor Plus’, ‘Jack Sprat’, ‘Little Giant’ and ‘Cinnamon Girl’ were the best overall …

Effects Of Foliar Fungicide On Yield, Micronutrients, And Cadmium In Grains From Historical And Modern Hard Winter Wheat Genotypes, Hollman Motta-Romero, Ferdinand Niyongira, Jeffrey D. Boehm Jr, Devin J. Rose

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Plant breeding and disease management practices have increased the grain yield of hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) adapted to the Great Plains of the United States during the last century. However, the effect of genetic gains for seed yield and the application of fungicide on the micronutrient and cadmium (Cd) concentration in wheat grains is still unclear. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of fungicide application on the productivity and nutritional quality of wheat cultivars representing 80 years of plant breeding efforts. Field experiments were conducted over two crop years (2017 and 2018) with eighteen …

Nebline, March 2021

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Naturally Occurring Elements in Groundwater - Part 1 of a Series — Calcium and Magnesium

Celebrate National Nutrition Month

RECIPE OF THE MONTH

2021 All-America Selections Vegetable Winners

Starting Seeds Indoors

Garden Guide Things to Do This Month

Planning for Spring Calving Season

Chemigation Trainings

2021 Nebraska On-Farm Research Annual Results Update Meetings

Houseplants: Simple Solutions to Plant Pests

Heart of 4-H Volunteer Award: Whitney Lehn

Meet 2020–2021 4-H Council

4-H Announcements for 4-H'ers and Volunteers

Private Pesticide Applicator Trainings by Zoom

EXTENSION CALENDAR

Upcoming Early Childhood Trainings

Mosaic Agriculture: A Guide To Irrigated Crop And Forage Production In Northern Wa, Geoff A. Moore Mr, Clinton K. Revell Dr, Christopher Schelfhout Dr, Christopher Ham Mr, Samuel Crouch Mr, Meredith M. Guthrie

Bulletins 4000 -

The Bulletin is a comprehensive guide for pastoralists, agronomists, agribusiness and the broader community on the growing of irrigated crops and pastures within a rangeland pastoral setting.

Dispersed irrigation developments on stations throughout the northern rangelands (sometimes referred to as mosaic agriculture) has created opportunities for the introduction of more productive forage species and pastoralists can now grow high quality forage for 12 months of the year. This can help to overcome the key constraint of traditional pastoral systems, the low quality of the feed over the dry season that typically results in stock losing condition.

Cultivating Hops For Cone Production In Nebraska, Stacy A. Adams

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The hop cone is the primary product of agronomic value when growing Humulus lupulus L. (common hop). Cones are modified stem and leaf structures that protect the female flower cluster that forms chemical compounds important for flavoring beer and other uses. The majority of hops in the United States (~96%) is grown in the states of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Hops can be grown in very diverse climates, but it is the climatic consistency of the Pacific NW that provides product consistency and reasoning commercial hops production is prevalent in the region. Hops is a niche crop outside of the …

Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2020, Nathan A. Slaton

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Rapid technological changes in crop management and production require that the research efforts be presented in an expeditious manner. The contributions of soil fertility and fertilizers are major production factors in all Arkansas crops. The studies described within will allow producers to compare their practices with the university’s research efforts. Additionally, soil-test data and fertilizer sales are presented to allow comparisons among years, crops, and other areas within Arkansas.

Research Note: Phytobiotics Modulate The Expression Profile Of Circulating Inflammasome And Cyto(Chemo)Kine In Whole Blood Of Broilers Exposed To Cyclic Heat Stress, Elizabeth S. Greene, Nima K. Emami, Sami Dridi

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Heat stress (HS) is a critical concern to the poultry industry as it affects both productivity and well-being. Various managerial and nutritional strategies have been proposed to mitigate the negative effects of HS in chickens, with plant-based additives showing promise. Recently, we reported the positive effect of a phytogenic feed additive (PFA) on growth performance in HS birds. Owing to the antioxidant nature of these compounds, we sought to further explore the effect of PFA on whole blood circulating chemokines, cytokines, and inflammasomes in HS broilers. Broilers (600 males, 1 d) were randomly assigned to 12 …

Effects Of Dietary Energy Levels On Performance And Carcass Yield Of 2 Meat-Type Broiler Lines Housed In Hot And Cool Ambient Temperatures, Pramir Maharjan, Katie M. Hilton, Garrett Mullenix, Jordan Weil, Antonio Beitia, Nawin Suesuttajit, Cole Umberson, Diego A. Martinez, Justina Caldas, Antonio Kalinowski, Nadia Yacoubi, Victor Naranjo, Judith A. England, Craig N. Coon

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Two meat-type broiler lines, line A and line B were fed experimental diets from 22-42 d with objectives to determine the effects of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) levels on feed intake (FI), performance, body composition, and processing yield as affected by environmental grow-out temperatures. Two thousand fifty male chicks from line A and 2,050 male chicks from line B were reared in 90-floor pens, 45 chicks per pen utilizing primary breeder nutrition and husbandry guidelines for starter (110 d) and grower (11-21 d) phases. Experimental finisher diets consisted of 5 increasing levels of apparent nitrogen corrected …

The Association Between Food Insecurity And Mental Health During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Di Fang, Michael R. Thomsen, Rodolfo M. Nayga Jr.

Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objective

To explore the association between food insecurity and mental health outcomes among low-income Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We conducted a survey of 2714 low-income respondents nationwide from June 29, 2020 to July 21, 2020. A proportional odds logit model was employed to estimate the associations between food insecurity and anxiety and between food insecurity and depression.

Results

Food insecurity is associated with a 257% higher risk of anxiety and a 253% higher risk of depression. Losing a job during the pandemic is associated with a 32% increase in risk for anxiety and a 27% increase in risk …

Research Progress Of Inhibitory Effects Of Polyphenolic Compounds On Xanthine Oxidase, Hong Xin-Yue, Wu Jian-Mei, Luo Xiao-Qiao, Liu Kai, Zhou Wei-Jie, Zhang Guo-Wen

Food and Machinery

The inhibitory activities and types of polyphenolic compounds on xanthine oxidase and their interactions in the past five years was summarized in this review, and the structure-activity relationship, the structural modification and its development and application of metal complex were also prospected. This will provide some references for the research and development of polyphenolic compounds as lowing uric acid food functional factors and drugs.

The Flavor Characteristics Of Bayberry Wine And Glutinous Rice Bayberry Wine Were Analyzed Based On Gas Chromatography-Ion Migration Spectrum, Xian Ling-Zhi, Liu Jin-Yang, Lu Jin-Hua, Xie Ding

Food and Machinery

The volatile components of glutinous rice bayberry wine and bayberry wine were compared by gas chromatography-ion migration spectrum, and the sensory evaluation was made at the same time. The volatile substances of bayberry wine mainly include ethyl butyrate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl orthocaproate, ethyl propionate, ethyl caprylate, glutaldehyde and 2-methylbutyraldehyde.The volatile substances of glutinous rice bayberry wine mainly include: ethyl isovalerate, ethyl valerate, isobutyl acetate, leaf alcohol acetate, ethyl lactate, propyl aldehyde, octyl aldehyde, trans-2-hexenal aldehyde, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and diisobutyl ketone, etc. The composition of the two samples was significantly different. The volatile matter of glutinous rice bayberry wine was more abundant …

Comparison Of Nutritional, Flavor And Functional Characteristics Of Tibetan Yak Butter At Different Altitudes, Xie Si-Wei, Liu Chun-Ai, Sun Shu-Guo, Luo Zhang, Yang Fei-Yang

Food and Machinery

The fatty acid composition, volatile components, rheological properties and antioxidant activity of yak butter at different altitudes (2 500~2 800 m, 3 500~4 000 m and above 4 300 m) in Tibetan were analyzed and compared. The results showed that altitude had significant effects on fatty acid composition, volatile components, rheological properties, and antioxidant activity (P<0.05). The unsaturated fatty acid content of yak butter at altitude of 2 500~2 800 m was the highest. Yak butter with an altitude of more than 4 300 m had pure smell and best flavor quality. Yak butter at altitudes of 3 500~4 000 m had the best fluidity. Yak butter at different altitudes had different antioxidant abilities, among which yak butter at altitudes ranging from 2 500 m to 2 800 m had the strongest DPPH free radical (66.99 mmol/100 g Trolox), hydroxyl free Trolox (26.71 mmol/100 g Trolox), superoxide anion scavenging ability (22.85%), and iron ion chelating antioxidant ability (1.41%).

Fabrication Of Rice Protein Hydrolysate-Daidzein Composite Nanoparticles, Chen Xiu-Wen, Jiao Ye, Cui Bo, Zheng Xiang-Ming, Zou Fei-Xue, Cheng Yun-Hui

Food and Machinery

Rice hydrolysate (RPH) was obtained by using trypsin, and then the nanoparticles of RPH-daidzein composite were fabricated for daidzein delivering. The effects of hydrolysis degree (DH), RPH concentration and daidzein concentration on the characteristic of the composite nanoparticles were investigated by single factor experiments. When the RPH-daidzein composite nanoparticles was prepared under the conditions of a DH of 12%, an enzymatic hydrolysate concentration of 7.5 mg/mL and a daidzein concentration of 0.75 mg/mL, the particle size, polydispersity index and Zeta-potential of the nanoparticles were 449.71 nm, 0.23 and -22.30 mV, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency of daidzein was 60.07%, and the …

Evaluation Of Uncertainty In The Determination Of VA, VD3 And VE In Nutritional Rice Flour For Infants And Young Children By Hplc, Zhang Rong-Bin, Dai Zhi-Yong, Li Meng-Yi, Chen Zhen-Gui, Ren Guo-Pu

Food and Machinery

The uncertainty of the determination of VA, V_D3 and VE content in infant nutritional rice flour by HPLC was evaluated. According to JF1059.1—2012 ＂evaluation and Representation of Measurement Uncertainty＂, a mathematical model for simultaneous determination of VA, V_D3 and VE content uncertainty in infant nutrition rice flour by HPLC was established, and the sources of uncertainty in the measurement process were analyzed, quantified and synthesized layer by layer. When the sampling volume was 5.000 g, the expanded uncertainty of VA, V_D3 and VE in the sample was 0.188 4, 0.009 3, 0.006 7 μg/g, and the measured …

Study On Full-Bed Centrifugal Filtration Used For Suspension Freeze Concentrations Of Apple Juice, Ding Zhong-Xiang, Qin Frank G F, Peng Ke-Wen, Yuan Jiao-Jiao, Jiang Run-Hua, Yin Hui-Bin, Shao You-Yuan

Food and Machinery

A basket-centrifuge was used to perform a full-bed filtration of the porous packed ice bed and concentrated fruit juice produced by suspension freeze concentration (FC). The analysis of the experimental results showed that the apple juice concentration was increased from the initial 10.2 䥺SymbolpB@Bx to 19.6, 28.5 and 40.3 䥺SymbolpB@Bx, after three passes of FC and three passes of centrifugal separation. The final recovery yield of soluble solids of the concentrated fruit juice was 93.6%, and the permeability and its coefficient of the ice bed in the centrifugal filtration mathematical model were 4×10^-8 m² and 0.16 m/s, respectively. …

Study On Pot Type Fixation Process Of Green Tea Based On Online Flavor Detection, Jiang Jian-Jun, Li Zhen-Feng, Song Fei-Hu

Food and Machinery

In this study, the PEN3 electronic nose was implanted for online flavor detection, based on the traditional pot-type fixating device. By studying the relationship between the response value of the PEN3 electronic nose representative sensor and the quality of the fixating at different pot temperatures, a green tea pot-type fixating system based on the flavor online detection was proposed. The system could feedback control the temperature of the fixating pot according to the measured values of enzymatic oxides and the aroma volatiles of the green tea. The results showed that the low temperature of the fixating pot could lead to …

Ultrasonic Enzymatic Extraction Of Total Flavonoids From Saussurea Involucrata Leaves And Its Antioxidant Capacity Analysis, Ji De-Rong, Liu Song-Qi, Xiong Kun-Yan, Li Meng, Hu Ming-Hu

Food and Machinery

Optimization of ultrasonic enzymatic extraction of total flavonoids from Saussurea involucrata leaves was studied by single factor and response surface experiments. The antioxidant capacity of the total flavonoids extracted from the leaves of S. involucrata was evaluated using the scavenging rate and total reducing power of DPPH·. The results showed that the best technology of total flavonoids from S. involucrata leaves by ultrasonic enzyme method was: adding the crushed leaves of S. involucrata to 30% ethanol solution, with the material liquid ratio 1∶60 (g/mL) and the ultrasonic treatment at 50 ℃, for 12 min. After adjusting the pH to 4.8, …

Studies On Screening Of High-Yield Phytase-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria And Its Low-Phytate Nutritional Breads Through Black Bean Sourdough Fermentation, Cao Wei-Chao, Luo Kun, Cheng Xin, Chen Cheng, Zheng Jian-Xian, Huang Wei-Ning, Li Ning, Filip Arnaut, Zhou Li-Yuan

Food and Machinery

In this study, a strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) L-19 with high phytase activity selected from spontaneous fermentation black bean substrate was used as starter to prepare black bean sourdough. The fermentation process of black bean sourdough was optimized by response surface design. The growth of LAB and acidity of the sourdough were investigated in the work, and the molecular weight distribution of peptides and the degradation ratio of anti-nutritional factors (ANF) were analyzed during sourdough fermentation. Meanwhile, the baking characteristics of black bean sourdough bread were evaluated. The results showed that LAB L-19 with phytase-producing capacity was identified …

Volatile Compounds In Algae And Their Extraction Methods, Liu Lu-Lu, Wang Bao-Bei

Food and Machinery

The composition and flavor characteristics of volatile compounds in algae were introduced. The formation mechanism of volatile aldehydes, ketones and alcohols in algae was summarized and analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of several common extraction methods of algae volatile compounds, including simultaneous distillation extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, dynamic headspace extraction and solid phase microextraction, were compared and analyzed. The future research direction and extraction, separation and detection methods of algae volatile compounds were prospected.

Effects Of Γ-Polyglutamic Acid On Baking Properties Of Whole Wheat Frozen Dough, Wang Jia-Bao, He Song, Su Zi-Liang, Huang Mei-Feng, Yang Di, Yu Han, Huang Fu-Qiang, He Hong-Yan

Food and Machinery

The water holding capacity and anti-freezing activity of whole wheat frozen dough with the addition of γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) were studied by the water holding capacity of whole wheat flour and the survival ratio of yeast. The effect of γ-PGA on the baking quality of whole wheat frozen dough was studied by specific volume and texture of bread. The results showed that the addition of γ-PGA could improve the yeast survival ratio and fermentation height of whole wheat frozen dough, increase the specific volume and reduce the hardness of whole wheat bread. In addition, γ-PGA promoted the formation of large …

Agricultural Data Management And Sharing: Best Practices And Case Study, Eli K. Moore, Adam Kriesberg, Steven Schroeder, Kerrie Geil, Inga Haugen, Carol Barford, Erica M. Johns, Dan Arthur, Megan Sheffield, Stephanie M. Ritchie, Carolyn Jackson, Cynthia Parr

School of Earth & Environment Departmental Research

Agricultural data are crucial to many aspects of production, commerce, and research involved in feeding the global community. However, in most agricultural research disciplines standard best practices for data management and publication do not exist. Here we propose a set of best practices in the areas of peer review, minimal dataset development, data repositories, citizen science initiatives, and support for best data management. We illustrate some of these best practices with a case study in dairy agroecosystems research. While many common, and increasingly disparate data management and publication practices are entrenched in agricultural disciplines, opportunities are readily available for promoting …

Analysis Of Repeated Milk Yields And Composition Traits By Mixed Models For Crossbred Holstein Friesian Dairy Cows, Ewonetu Senbeta, Kefelegn Kefenie, Adane Abebe

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study evaluated the effects of milking month, milking time, and lactation stage on milk yield and composition traits of crossbred dairy cows. Twelve crossbred Holstein Friesian cows with the same parity were purposefully selected and categorized into three groups; each consisting of four. All cows were individually managed for 120 days. Milk yield record was done every day for the morning and evening time whereas milk samples were taken every fifteen-day intervals. Data collected were analysed by PROC MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4. The “morning milkings” in all milking months showed the highest variations for “milk yield” whereas the …