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Growth Analysis Based On Degree Days, M. P. Russelle, Wallace Wilhelm, R. A. Olson, James F. Power

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Comparisons of growth analysis functions within and among experiments are often confounded by sources of variation other than those imposed by treatment. we suggest use of a temperature index, such as modified growing degree days, as the divisor in growth functions to facilitate treatment comparisons within certain experiments and to reduce the effects of differing temperature regimes among experiments on these comparisons. Three experiments were identified to provide data to analyze this new approach. Mean absolute growth rate (GR) and mean relative growth rate (RGR) were compared in two experiments with maize (Zea mays L.) conducted in eastern Nebraska. …

Endocrine Mechanisms Of Puberty In Heifers: Estradiol Negative Feedback Regulation Of Luteinizing Hormone Secretion, M. L. Day, K. Imakawa, M. Garcia-Winder, D. D. Zalesky, B. D. Schanbacher, Roger J. Kittok, J. E. Kinder

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The hypothesis that luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in prepubertal females is responsive to estradiol negative feedback and that decreased feedback occurs as puberty approaches was tested in heifers. In the first experiment, seven heifers were maintained prepubertal by dietary energy restriction until 508 days of age (Day 0). All heifers were placed on a high-energy diet on Day 0 at which time they received no additional treatment (CONT), were ovariectomized (OVX) or were ovariectomized and subcutaneously implanted with estradiol-17β (OVX-E₂). This feeding regimen was used to synchronize reproductive state in all heifers. A second experiment was performed with …

Effects Of Castration And Electrical Stimulation On Beef Carcass Quality And Palatability Characteristics, S. Kalstrup, H. R. Cross, B. D. Schanbacher, R. W. Mandigo

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Thirty bull and 30 heifer Hereford x Simmental calves were weaned at approximately 5 mo of age and assigned randomly to one of the following treatments: intact, conventionally castrated or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-immunized (LHRH). All animals were slaughtered at 16 mo of age and the right side of each carcass was electrically stimulated (ES) or restimulated (RES). Yield and quality grades were determined on both right and left sides after 24 h chilling. Longissimus muscles (LD) were obtained at 7 d postmortem for objective color measurements, chemical analysis, shear force and trained sensory panel evaluation. Semitendinosus muscles (ST) were also …

Notes: Differences Among Nematode Populations In Tall Fescue Pastures In North, Central, And South Alabama, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, R. Rodriguez-Kabana

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Surveys of nematode populations in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) pastures in north, central, and south Alabama in 1982 and 1983 showed significant differences in frequency of occurrence of many nematode species by geographical region. Although nematode damage has been implicated in the poor adaptation of tall fescue to the sandy soils of the extreme Southeast, many plant parasitic nematode species occurred in low frequency in south Alabama pastures. There were significant differences in the frequency of occurrence of Paratrichodorus christiei (Allen) Siddiqi by region. This nematode occurred with relatively high frequency in south Alabama in both years. There were …

Manipulation Of Endogenous And Exogenous Hormones For Red Meat Production, Bruce D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Growth and development of domestic livestock for red meat production are often discussed in the context of environmental factors, nutritional requirements, genetic potential and the anabolic agents affecting production efficiency. In this minireview, the effects of endogenous and exogenous hormones on animal growth are reviewed. The pituitary, pancreatic and gonadal hormones known to affect growth and(or) carcass composition are cited to illustrate and place into perspective the important contributions that the endocrine system makes to animal production. Manipulation of endogenous hormones through 1) administration of synthetic releasing and inhibiting peptides and 2) immunoneutralization techniques, will likely provide the livestock producer …

Pituitary-Testicular Responses Of Estradiol-17Β-Implanted Bull Calves To Continuous Versus Pulsatile Infusion Of Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone, Bruce D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The luteinizing hormone (LH), folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone response of bull calves implanted with estradiol-17β to continuous and pulsatile infusion of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) has been examined. Estradiol-17β reduced serum LH and FSH concentrations and suppressed testosterone secretion and testicular growth when compared with sham-implanted bulls. Putsatile iv infusion of LHRH [500 ng every 2 h (6 μg/d)] for a 4-wk period to estradiol-17β- implanted bulls resulted in elevated mean serum LH and testosterone concentrations that were characterized by discrete secretory episodes. Mean serum FSH was also increased by LHRH pulse infusion, but LHRH-coup!ed secretory episodes were …

Effects Of Herbicides And Treatment Dates On The Establishment Of Sod-Seeded Red Clover, Birdsfoot Trefoil, And Alfalfa, R.L. Nichols, R.A. Peters, B.G. Mullinix Jr.

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

Physiology Of Male Reproduction, R. P. Amann, B. D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The major advances over the past 25 yr in male reproductive physiology of cattle, sheep, swine and horses are reviewed. Those findings which have allowed efficient culling of subfertile males and exploitation of the reproductive capacity of genetically superior sires are emphasized.

Hormones secreted by the male gonad early in gestation induce regression of potentially female structures and development of the male reproductive tract. Compartmentalization of the testis and formation of the bloodtestis barrier during prepubertal development permit the steroidogenic and gametogenic activities of the adult testes to proceed normally. The role of the central nervous system, hypothalamus and anterior …

Reproductive Effects Of Immunizing Heifers Against Androstenedione And Oestradiol-17Β, T. H. Wise, B. D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Heifers were treated with saline (Group I, N = 10), keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH ; Group II, N = 10), androstenedione-KLH antigen (Group III, N = 14), or oestradiol-17β-KLH antigen (Group IV, N = 14). Booster injections were given to produce binding of > 10% at dilutions of 1:100 to 1:1000 (50% binding = 14·4pg androstenedione and 9·5pg oestradiol). The heifers were mated and killed at ~46days of gestation to establish ovulation rates, calf numbers, blood hormone relationships and ovarian morphology.

Ovulation rate in animals immunized against androstenedione (Group III) was significantly greater than in the other groups; 4 of the …

Vol. 6 No. 1 (1982): Pacific Studies Front Matter, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Pacific Studies is published two times a year by The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies, Brigham Young University Hawai‘i #1979, 55–220 Kulanui Street, Lāʻie, Hawai‘i 96762, but responsibility for opinions expressed in the articles rests with the authors alone. Subscription rate is US$40.00 yearly, payable to The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies. The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies (formerly The Pacific Institute) is an organization funded by Brigham Young University Hawai‘i. The Center assists the University in meeting its cultural and educational goals by undertaking a program of teaching, research, and …

Vol. 6 No. 1 (1982): Pacific Studies Full Issue, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Pacific Studies is published two times a year by The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies, Brigham Young University Hawai‘i #1979, 55–220 Kulanui Street, Lāʻie, Hawai‘i 96762, but responsibility for opinions expressed in the articles rests with the authors alone. Subscription rate is US$40.00 yearly, payable to The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies. The Jonathan Nāpela Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Studies (formerly The Pacific Institute) is an organization funded by Brigham Young University Hawai‘i. The Center assists the University in meeting its cultural and educational goals by undertaking a program of teaching, research, and …

Books Received And Book Notices, The Jonathan Nāpela Center For Hawaiian And Pacific Islands Studies

Pacific Studies

Book Listing for the Vol 6, No 1 Fall Edition of the Pacific Studies Journal

Proceedings Of The 9th Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (April 14-15, 1982, Ft. Walton Beach, Florida): Better Yield, Higher Quality = Greater Profit, Walter J. Walla, Wayne Winner, H. Jack Walters, Jerry Berggren, J. Dan Smith

Southern Soybean Disease Workers: Conference Proceedings

Contents

1982 Southern Soybean Disease Workers Officers

1982 Southern Soybean Disease Workers Program Committee

Committee Chairmen

General session

Presidential address. Walter Walla

Role of American Soybean Association in Soybean Production. KL. Bader

Agricultural Chemistry World Wide. D Wolf

Soybean disease management. W Winner presiding

Soybean Disease Loss Estimate. E Koldenhoven

Disease Management Panel Discussion: The Consultant and Soybean Disease Control. R Carver

Disease Management: Chemical Industries' Point of View. HL McMenemy

Management Tactics for Soybean Diseases. DP Schmitt

Farmer and Soybean Disease Control. J Andries

Soybean nematodes. J Arnett presiding

Standardized Nematicide Research Report. A Wrather

Nematode Parasites …

Root Development Of Winter Wheat As Related To Tillage Practice In Western Nebraska, Wallace Wilhelm, L. N. Mielke, Charles R. Fenster

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Tillage practices can influence crop root development. Root distributions were determined for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a wheat-fallow rotation during the 1977-1978 winter wheat crop year on an Alliance silt loam (Aridic Argiustoll). The fallow tillage treatments were plow, subtillage, and chemical (no tillage). Each tillage treatment was split into subplots for N application of 0 or 45 kg/ha.

Rooting density was determined by washing the roots in soil cores 7.6 cm in diam by 15 cm long extracted to depths of 90, 105, and 120 cm on 28 Mar., 2 May, and 8 June 1978, respectively. …

Utilization Of The Intact Male For Red Meat Production: A Review, S. C. Seideman, H. R. Cross, R. R. Oltjen, B. D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Castration has long been a traditional practice in the United States. Research studies indicate that intact males grow more rapidly, utilize feed more efficiently and produce a higher-yielding carcass with less fat and more edible product. The disadvantages of the intact male include aggressive behavior (bull and boar); undesirable odors and flavors (boar and ram); lower quality grade (bull); lower meat tenderness (bull and ram) and undesirable meat color (bull and ram). Research is needed to develop antemortem and(or) postmortem handling procedures that offset the disadvantages of the intact male so that the meat and livestock industry can take advantage …

Effects Of Contrasting Photoperiods And Temperatures On Performance Traits Of Confinement-Reared Ewe Lambs, B. D. Schanbacher, G. L. Hahn, J. A. Nienaber

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The effects of contrasting photoperiods (16L:8D vs 8L: 16D) and ambient temperatures (5 C vs 18 C vs 31 C) on performance traits of ewe lambs have been evaluated. Seventy-two lambs were paired and allotted to one of six treatment groups in a 2 • 3 factorial experiment. The lambs were fed a pelleted diet ad libitum. throughout the 14-wk study (i.e., as Iambs progressed from 12 to 26 wk of age). "Analysis of performance and carcass data showed that both photoperiod and temperature affected growth rate (P.05) by treatment. Whereas serum prolactin concentrations were elevated in lambs exposed to …

Hormonal Interrelationships Between Hypothalamus, Pituitary And Testis Of Rams And Bulls, Bruce D. Schanbacher

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This mini-review aims to summarize some of our recent findings relating to testicular function and feedback control of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis by testicular steroids in rams and bulls. Testosterone secretion in intact males is not tonic, but is characterized by episodic pulses. This pattern of secretion is dictated by inputs of the central nervous system via secretions of the hypothalamus (luteinizing hormone- releasing hormone; LHRH) and anterior pituitary (luteinizing hormone; LH). A temporal relationship exists between concentrations of LH and testosterone in serum and evidence is presented that strongly suggests that their episodic secretion is dependent on discrete episodes of …

Root Development Of Winter Wheat As Related To Tillage Practice In Western Nebraska, Wallace Wilhelm, L. N. Mielke, C. R. Fenster

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Tillage practices can influence crop root development. Root distributions were determined for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a wheat-fallow rotation during the 1977-1978 winter wheat crop year on an Alliance silt loam (Aridic Argiustoll). The fallow tillage treatments were plow, subtillage, and chemical (no tillage). Each tillage treatment was split into subplots for N application of 0 or 45 kg/ha.

Rooting density was determined by washing the roots in soil cores 7.6 cm in diam by 15 cm long extracted to depths of 90, 105, and 120 cm on 28 Mar., 2 May, and 8 June 1978, respectively. …

Nutritive Evaluation Of Warm-Season Grasses In Connecticut, R.W. Taylor, D.W. Allinson

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

Ord River Irrigation Area - Potential For A Sugar Cane Industry In Western Australia, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Farm Systems and Economics published reports

The Ord River Irrigation Area is in the Kimberley Region of Western Australia, 3,200 kms from Perth, the State’s Capital City.

The area is located in the arid tropics with a climate suitable for high plant growth rates provided water supply is adequate.

With only 12,000 ha of land developed out of a potential 72,000 ha of clay soils the area has the potential for further development of a major irrigated agricultural enterprise.

The Ord River Irrigation Project has been developed for commercial agriculture following the construction of a diversion dam in 1963, and a major dam in 1974, The …

Proceedings Of The 8th Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (March 11-12, 1981, Memphis, Tennessee): Soybeans, The Crop Of The Future

Southern Soybean Disease Workers: Conference Proceedings

General Session

Presidential Address - Glen Whitney

The Influence of Plant Diseases on American Agriculture - Wiley Garrett

Integrated Pest Management: A National Prospective - B. Blair

Development in Brazil, the Future World Supplier of Food: Industry Overview - Ray Smith

Soybean Disease Loss Estimate - R. V. Sturgeon

Soybeans, Seed, Seedling, and Soil-Borne Disease, James Kantzes presiding

Standardized Seed Treatment Research Report - M. C. McDaniel

Soybean Seedling Disease Control and Plant Populations - Norman Horn

Metalaxyl: A New Seed Dressing and Soil Treatment Fungicide - H. V. Morton and D. Houseworth

Soybean Seed Treatment: U. S. Status …

Insecticides And Pheromones Used In The Midwest. A Short Review, Evelyn Osbourne, Paul Schwartz

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The Midwest produces most of the food and feed grains and oilseeds grown in the US. as well as a substantial proportion of a variety of other crops, but corn accounts for at least 75% of insecticide use in the region. The total amount of insecticides used on crops could be greatly reduced if economic losses from insects could be predicted accurately. We will examine the current status of chemical controls for insects of economic importance to this region, indicating some areas where new developments are needed or are likely to occur.

Determination Of Selenium In Biological Materials By Stable Isotope Dilution Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Donald C. Reamer, Claude Veillon

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Selenium can be determined quantitatively in biological samples after digestion using nitric acid, orthophosphoric acid, and hydrogen peroxide and the formation of 5-nitropiazselenol. Samples are spiked with enriched ⁸²Se and lsotoplc ratio of ⁸⁰Se to ⁸²Se is measured by combined gas chromatographymass spectrometry using dual ion monitoring. Precise determination at the parts-per-billion level is possible. The accuracy of the method Is verlfied by using standard reference materials.

Housing And Management To Reduce Climactic Impacts On Livestock, G. Leroy Hahn

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Weather is a constraint on efficient livestock production systems. Evaluation of the degree of constraint is a difficult, but necessary task before selection of appropriate modifications in management or environments can be made. The basis for rational selection from available alternatives for the limitation of climatic stress in livestock has continued to improve, particularly with the development of rudimentary functional relationships between animal performance and weather parameters. Such relationships, when combined with probabilistic knowledge of the weather parameters, permit prediction of the reduction in animal performance under natural conditions, or of the benefits to be derived from proposed housing or …

Blood Flow To The Corpus Luteum-Bearing Ovary And Ipsilateral Uterine Horn Of Cows During The Oestrous Cycle And Early Pregnancy, S. P. Ford, J. R. Chenault

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Total ovarian blood flow of cows (sum of flows through the ovarian artery and uterine branch of the ovarian artery), measured by electromagnetic flow probes, followed a consistent cyclic pattern, being highest from Day 10 of the oestrous cycle (oestrus = Day 0) until 4 days before the subsequent oestrus. During this period of high ovarian blood flow, blood of uterine origin flowed to the ovary through the uterine branch of the ovarian artery and was found to comprise 20-40% of the ovarian blood flow. Between Days -4 and -3, ovarian blood flow dropped (P < 0·01)from 3·2 ± 0·5 to 1·0 ± 0·4 ml/min, coincident with a reversal of flow through this anastomosis. Uterine arterial blood flow was highest (P < 0·05)from 1 day before oestrus to the day of oestrus when compared to the remaining days of the oestrous cycle. Throughout the oestrous cycle, ovarian blood flow was positively correlated with systemic concentrations of progesterone (r = 0·55, P < 0·01)and negatively correlated with systemic concentrations of oestradiol-17β (r = -0·42, P < 0·01). In contrast, uterine arterial blood flow was negatively correlated with systemic progesterone (r =-0·25, P < 0·05) and positively correlated with systemic oestradiol (r = 0·45, P < 0·05). These data provide direct evidence in the cow that a portion of the blood flowing to the ovary containing a fully functional corpus luteum is contributed by the ipsilateral uterine artery.

Ratoon Stunting Disease Of Sugarcane: Isolation Of The Causal Bacterium, Michael J. Davis, A. Graves Gillaspie, Russell W. Harris, Roger H. Lawson

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A small coryneform bacterium was consistently isolated from sugarcane with ratoon stunting disease and shown to be the causal agent. A similar bacterium was isolated from Bermuda grass. Both strains multiplied in sugarcane and Bermuda grass, but the Bermuda grass strain did not incite the symptoms of ratoon stunting disease in sugarcane. Shoot growth in Bermuda grass was retarded by both strains.

The Effect Of The Herbicide Metolachlor On Nutrient Levels In Zea Mays L., Tamsey Dawn Warren Ellis

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

An investigation of the effect of metolachlor, a chloracetamide herbicide released for agricultural purpose during the Spring of 1977, on plant tissue levels of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in juvenile sweet corn and the recovery rate of sweet corn exposed to metolachlor from any plant nutrient effects when the herbicide was removed.

An increase of metolachlor concentration caused a progressive reduction in growth (height and dry weight) of the leafy portion of juvenile sweet corn. At metolachlor concentrations of 0.16 ppm and higher pronounced stunting and twisting were observed in the plants.

There was a progressive reduction in the …

A Test Of The Fertilizing Value And Inhibitory Qualities Of Sewage Sludge, Gregory D. Kugler

Masters Theses

Three sludges - aerobic, anaerobic, Milorganite, and peat moss were tested for fertilizing ability, seed inhibition, and chemical composition. Using green bean (Phaseolus sp.) and rye grass (Lolium perenne) seeds in two sludge amended soils, a greenhouse study indicated growth enhancement for the rye grass and variable results for the green beans. Algal and fungal contaminations were problems. Seeds germinated in sludge extract were inhibited, but no correlation with the chemical analyses could be established. Only Milorganite had a heavy metal content significantly higher than the soils tested.

Changes In Populations Of Soil Acari During The First Year After Clearcutting, Sue Ellen Orlaske

Dissertations and Theses

Soil samples taken from a clearcut and adjacent uncut site of a Douglas Fir and Western Hemlock old growth forest in the Cascade Range of southern Washington showed greatly reduced adult and juvenile population densities of macro-phytophagous, microphytophagous, and predatory soil acari in the clearcut. These effects appeared to be due to high lethal summer litter temperatures and reduced pore spaces due to scarification. Also, the number of species of acari in the clearcut was lower than in the control after clearcutting.

Bulletin 3967 - Cyanogenetic Plants Of Western Australia, T E H Aplin

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

This article deals with those native, naturalized and cultivated plants, which by virtue of contained cyanogenetic glycosides, are known to be poisonous or potentially poisonous to livestock in Western Australia.

Cyanogenetic glycosides are chemical compounds which contain a cyanogen (cyanide) radical combined with a sugar molecule. The sugar moiety may differ in glycosides obtained from different plants, and as a consequence glycosides from different plants, containing different sugar moieties, may be given different names.

When a cyanogenetic glycoside is broken down by enzyme action, through injury to the plant or by microbial action in the digestive system of the animal, …